The high yield and high efficiency of mushroom cultivation is an urgent desire of the majority of mushroom farmers, and it is also a research topic of edible mushroom science and technology workers. However, since the 1990s, most of the cultivation and yield of mushroom farmers stagnated, resulting in an increase in production efficiency. For example, in the case of giant oyster mushrooms, the production patterns of the 1990s and even the 1980s have continued to be used for many years. The cultivation and management of the mushrooms for 3 to 5 months has always resulted in a total biological efficiency of around 100% and even worse than 80%. With such a long management period and such a low output level, even if it is calculated based on variable prices of inflation, the benefits are very low, which seriously affects the smooth development of industrialization of edible fungi.
According to the findings of relevant experts, there are three main reasons leading to low output:
First, the nutritional components of raw materials are seriously out of balance. Through years of research and research, we believe that the lack of nutrients or changes in nutrient components of cultivated materials is one of the major factors restricting the yield of edible fungus.
Second, the strains themselves carry virus germs and are degraded.
Third, the gradual deterioration of the cultivation environment, the high base of bacteria. For the above reasons, we transplanted the “cask theory†in nutrition to the cultivation of edible fungi, that is, the various components of the required nutrients are the same as the woods that make up the casks, and the heights are required to reach the maximum water holding capacity; The pilot test proves that the “three-dimensional nutritional essence of edible fungi†can solve the practical problems of low cultivation yield and low quality. At present, it has been promoted to most of Shandong and Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hunan. In Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Northeast China, the general yield increase is above 30%, which has been recognized and welcomed by the majority of farmers.
1. Ingredients: According to the amount and proportion of the nutrients needed in the nutrients needed for edible fungi, the amount of trace elements and the other elements are supplemented and developed. Each bag can be mixed with 250kg of cotton seed shell; When the materials are cultivated, they only need to be dissolved in water, and can be evenly mixed in. When the fermentation material is cultivated, the material is first subjected to fermentation treatment, and after the fermentation is completed, the three-dimensional nutrition essence is dissolved in water and can be evenly mixed; When the materials are cultivated, the materials can be bagged evenly and the operations such as sterilization can be routinely performed. The basic formula is 250 kg of cottonseed husk, 5 kg of superphosphate, 0.75 kg of urea, 3.75 kg of gypsum powder, and 1 bag of three-dimensional nutrition essence of edible fungi. Summer sowing or if you need to ferment, you can add 2.5 to 5 kg of lime powder, the actual production, according to the specific conditions of raw materials and other appropriate adjustments.
Second, spray type: Each bag can be 15 kilograms of water (ie, a sprayer water), direct-injection fruiting body, such as according to the amount of raw materials, it can spray about 1000 to 1500 kilograms of material, which is the first in the mushrooming During the period of the tide, some farmers also sprayed in the second and third tides, which is based on the number of fruiting bodies. Three points need to be emphasized: First, the temperature of the water is preferably 25 to 32°C. 25 °C is suitable for the low temperature season and 32 °C for the high temperature season. Second, sprayers should be clean. In particular, do not use sprayers that have been sprayed with sterilizer and have not been thoroughly cleaned. Thirdly, each time the water mushroom sprays 3 times can achieve the best use effect, does not need to use excessively; With the good liquid medicine to run out, must not use after overnight.
Third, additional instructions
1. Prevent alkalis. When mixing ingredients, be careful not to add too much lime and other alkaline substances. When not adding, lime and raw materials should be mixed well. Finally, three-dimensional nutrition essence should be added to avoid direct contact.
2. Note the temperature of the bag. After adding three-dimensional nutrition essence, thick mycelium, large amount of mycelium, and rapid bacterial growth will inevitably generate high bio-heat in the bag. If routine management is adopted, there will be a possibility of “burning bacteriaâ€. Therefore, attention should be paid. The temperature of the bacteria-producing sites should be checked and the bags must be checked frequently. If the temperature is above 15°C, bacteria can be produced. In addition to effective shading and ventilation, the most direct method is to irrigate the inside of the shed and wait until the water seeps out. After the move into the bag for bacteria administration.
3. Strengthen after-ripening culture. Although the use of three-dimensional spermatogonia is rapid and the number of hyphae is large, the surface of mycelium bags covered with mycelium does not mean that the mycelium has matured. Therefore, after the completion of the bacteria generation, favorable environmental conditions should be created. After the bacteria bags continue to mature, the bacteria will be more decomposed and the hyphae will be more nutritious, the number of hyphae will be more developed, and more bioenergy will be accumulated. When most of the bacteria bags have primordial foundations, the temperature will be controlled. Water, gas, and other conditions, make it into the mushrooming stage, once the mushroom, it can form a "eruption mushroom" scene, with the mushroom farmer's words to express is "after the mushroom even the fingers are not inserted into"; general head The biological efficiency of tide mushroom can be more than 100%, individual can exceed 160%.
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