In the grape harvest season, Wang Jihong, a grape grower in Xucun, Fuyu Town, Yixian County, Anhui Province, once again ushered in a bumper harvest. Since the introduction of the water and fertilizer integration technology in the vineyards he operated, the quality of the grapes has been greatly improved. "You see this summer black, the sugar content is 19.6%, only 16% before; and the beauty refers to the increase from 20.5% to 22%." Wang Jihong randomly tested several grape varieties on the spot with a glucose meter, he did According to statistics, the current glucose content has increased by an average of 1.8 to 2 percentage points compared with before the use of water and fertilizer integration technology.
Provincial, provincial and provincial water quality
Why does the water and fertilizer integration technology have such a good effect? ​​Qian Xiaohua, deputy station manager of the Anhui Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station, said that the technology is simultaneous irrigation and fertilization. By dissolving the fertilizer in the irrigation water, the water is piped to each field. The roots of the vines allow the roots of the grapes to absorb nutrients while absorbing moisture. Compared with common fertilization and watering methods, the absorption rate of fertilizers by crops is significantly improved.
In Wang Jihong's vineyard, the reporter saw the water and fertilizer integrated equipment: “full equipment†is just a power cabinet, a water pump and a centrifugal filter. The fertilizer water is pumped out by the water pump and filtered by the centrifugal filter to remove the sediment. From the supervisor to each branch. There is a sprinkler on the branch, and there is one every two meters. By manipulating the power cabinet, the water that dissolves the fertilizer is sprayed along the nozzle to the soil, and it can pour 60 mu of land in half an hour.
Although the purchase of a complete set of water and fertilizer integrated equipment, Lao Wang spent a total of 200,000 yuan, but a comprehensive comparison, he believes that the money spent. "The original fertilization of 60 mu of land requires two workers to work for two days. Everyone earns 120 yuan per day. Now the money is saved. Compared with the common fertilization 'one shelling', the water and fertilizer integration adopts 'less food. In the form of multiple meals, the absorption rate is high and the water is saved and the fertilizer is saved. From the quality point of view, the glucose content is increased by 2 percentage points, and the unit price per kilogram can be increased by about 40%."
Wang Jihong's net profit per acre reached 8,000 yuan. Compared with the unused water and fertilizer integration technology, the unit price per kilogram of grapes increased by 45%, and the average profit per mu increased by 1,500 yuan. Wang Jihong said that it is time-consuming and laborious to grow grapes. The integration of water and fertilizer can make growers very worry-free in the later management of grapes. From grape planting to harvesting, there are special people to carry out technical tracking, such as "moon child fertilizer" after grape harvesting, base fertilizer after root cutting, sprouting fertilizer during germination, and swelling fertilizer after growing fruit, how to apply and how much There is a complete technical solution.
Vegetable and fruit increased significantly
Since 2015, the plant nutrition team of the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out research on high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency production techniques in fruits, vegetables such as tomatoes, watermelons and peppers in Hexian, Feixi and Shucheng.
“One of the cores of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency production technology for economic crops is the integration of water and fertilizer.†Zhang Qi’an, director of the institute, said that precision drip irrigation can effectively improve water resource utilization and reduce water waste caused by irrigation underwater seepage and evaporation. The water-fertilizer coupling energy can accurately and quantitatively fertilize according to the soil fertility of different plots, the nutrients required for different growth stages of vegetables and the characteristics of different types of nutrients, reducing the volatilization and loss of fertilizer and avoiding the fertilizer caused by excess nutrients. Harm, improve fertilizer utilization. â€
According to Zhang Qi'an's calculation, the integrated water and fertilizer integration technology can reduce the fertilizer application rate by 40%, and greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. The irrigation amount is only 30% to 50% of the furrow irrigation, and the water saving reaches 35% to 50%.
In the opinion of the assistant researcher Wang Jiajia, the water and fertilizer integration technology not only realized the reduction of agricultural products, but also increased the yield and quality of economic crops. “The supply of water and fertilizer for vegetable and fruit cultivation has become more scientific and effective, ensuring a constant soil temperature, thereby enhancing the microbial activity of the soil, promoting the conversion of nutrients in the soil, enabling the vegetables and fruits to effectively absorb the nutrients needed. Increase vegetable production."
He said that in addition, the lime-nitrogen high temperature suffocating method was used to effectively eliminate harmful bacteria in the soil, and the beneficial microbes in the soil were increased by adding commercial microbial organic fertilizer, and the micro-ecological environment of the soil was effectively improved.
Years of experimental data show that water and fertilizer integration technology can save 25% to 30% of nitrogen fertilizer, save 15% to 20% of phosphate fertilizer, save 20% to 25% of potassium fertilizer, and increase yield significantly, increase pepper yield by 43%, and increase tomato yield. %, watermelon production increased by 15%.
"One minus one mention" increases the income of farmers. "People apply water and fertilizer integration technology, peppers increase by 1053 yuan per mu, tomatoes increase by 2553 yuan per mu, and watermelons increase by 1027 yuan per mu." Zhang Qi'an calculated an economic account.
Technology promotion is still waiting
What is the current application status of water and fertilizer integration technology in Anhui? The reporter learned that Anhui water and fertilizer integrated enterprises still have room for development, and the existing equipment investment is relatively large, which is difficult for ordinary farmers to bear. However, with the increase in labor costs, many large planting households calculate the input-output ratio from a long-term perspective and try to use water and fertilizer integration technology.
“Technology has not been materialized as a product is one of the reasons for slower promotion.†Zhang Qi’an said that products are the best carrier of technology, and in the promotion of technology, products play a very important role. For example, the high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency production technology of vegetables researched by the Agricultural and Fertilizer Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been approved by farmers, enterprises and the government through many years of trials, but the technology has not yet been turned into related products.
Therefore, cooperation with fertilizer companies will be intensified to jointly produce related products so that the technology can be promoted and applied among farmers. Another reason is that the training and promotion of this technology is small. At present, the training of high-yield, high-quality and efficient production technology for vegetables is only held twice. Therefore, the next step will be to strengthen the training and promotion of technology.
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