Gerbera is native to Africa and is a perennial herbal flower of the genus Gerbera in the Asteraceae family. Because of its variety of varieties, it is popular with consumers. The gerbera has a pleasant temperature and light resistance to water and moisture. The optimum growth temperature is 15-25°C, and the minimum temperature is about 0°C. At 1-2°C, it is free from frost damage, but the long-term low temperature affects its yield. The total production of flowers in the winter is low, but the market demand is strong, the price is more than five times that of the spring, summer and autumn. Doing the winter management work well and increasing the output of fresh cut flowers is the key to gaining higher returns throughout the year. The following four points are specific to winter management work.
First, nurture strong seedlings and accumulate nutrients
1. The shade net should be removed as soon as possible after summer to increase the light intensity. The fertilizer and water management should be strengthened during the appropriate period of growth from September to October. The soil should be kept moist and not too dry. Focus on the control of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace element fertilizer supplements to improve the accumulation of seedlings nutrition, seedling potential new leaves sprouting fast-green color is appropriate.
2. Remove the old leaves of the disease to prevent the diseased old leaves from competing for nutrition and growth space, and improve the light and ventilation conditions of the plants.
3. Prevent pests and diseases, prevent locusts, leaf miners and fly locusts, control powdery mildew, coal contamination, and gray mold, and do preventive work before the onset of winter.
Second, do a good job of insulation work
1. Cover the outer greenhouse membrane before the frost falls in mid-November.
2. When the minimum temperature at night falls below 10°C, do a good job of covering the two-layer membrane. When designing, it is necessary to facilitate sealing and heat preservation, and to facilitate ventilation during the day. The film is best to use a good heat insulation effect of 3-4 wire drip film, is conducive to reduce the air humidity inside the shed, when the temperature change is large, does not fog, increase the light passing rate.
3. When the temperature drops further below 0°C, cover the small ring of non-woven fabrics to enhance the heat preservation effect. In this way, when the temperature is extremely low -5--6°C, the temperature in the canopy can still reach 1-2°C. , free from frost damage. Conditional heating may be appropriate, but exhaust emissions should be taken care of, not to pollute the air in the shed.
Third, daily management of greenhouses
1. Note that due to the airtight state in the ventilation shed, coupled with the evaporating effect of soil evaporation, the humidity is very high. When the relative humidity exceeds 90%, it is easy to cause the generation of malformed flowers. At the same time, during the daytime, the temperature under sunlight is relatively high at high temperatures. In a high-humidity environment, it is easy to cause diseases; on the other hand, excessive accumulation of harmful gases such as ammonia gas in the shed is prone to cause leaf burning. In severe cases, the yield and quality of flowers are affected, and it is necessary to strengthen air exchange inside and outside the shed. Generally, the temperature will increase rapidly when exposed to sunlight. Ventilation should be started when the temperature rises to 15°C. The degree of ventilation increases with the increase of temperature, and it can be ventilated on the lee side when the outside temperature is low. The shed was closed around 3 pm to maintain the temperature.
2. Pay attention to the light, especially if you cover non-woven materials and other insulation materials, it must be opened during the day to increase the light through. The long-day plants of gerbera have a large demand for light. In the winter, they often affect the output due to lack of light. The conditions can be artificially supplemented with light, using 100-200 watt incandescent lamps or 40 watt fluorescent lamps every 5-6. The rice fills light for 3-6 hours per day (depending on the natural lighting time.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management and pest control
1, winter soil should maintain a certain degree of humidity, but should not be too wet, ditch can not plot (hanging) water. Fertilization is best done with drip irrigation to irrigate once every two weeks. The amount of irrigation water can be maintained with the roots of the plants. The amount of fertilizer used is 1 kg of potassium nitrate + 0.5 kg of calcium nitrate + 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in each standard shed. It is forbidden to use ammonia-containing fertilizers (such as urea, etc.) to prevent ammonia poisoning due to excessive accumulation of ammonia.
2, CO2 gas fertilizer in the half an hour before sunrise, Gerbera after a night of respiration, CO2 in the shed reached the peak of about 2000ppm or more, but within half an hour after sunrise due to rapid decline in plant photosynthesis consumption to air concentration 30% of the CO2 is insufficient to make the crop starved and seriously affect plant photosynthesis. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation or artificially increase CO2.
3. The main pest control diseases include root rot, leaf spot, gray mold, powdery mildew, and Phytophthora capsici. Most of them are caused by pathogenic bacteria in the soil. Once there is no practical method of cure, precautions must be taken to strengthen ventilation to reduce the humidity of the environment, and to remove diseased leaves and diseased plants in a timely manner to prevent burning of pathogens. Secondary pollution. Spray fungicide regularly. Fungicides can be used Cobo, Shigao, Fumei double, chlorothalonil, fast-king, fast-mildock, enemy off, special Fuling and so on. Usually 1 week of medication, such as the epidemic infection period is 2 times a day for 3 times, the timing of spraying should be carried out in the sunny morning, to ensure that the leaves are not wet after closing the greenhouse. Spraying pesticides can be combined with foliar fertilization, generally using trace element fertilizers or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance plant resistance.
First, nurture strong seedlings and accumulate nutrients
1. The shade net should be removed as soon as possible after summer to increase the light intensity. The fertilizer and water management should be strengthened during the appropriate period of growth from September to October. The soil should be kept moist and not too dry. Focus on the control of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace element fertilizer supplements to improve the accumulation of seedlings nutrition, seedling potential new leaves sprouting fast-green color is appropriate.
2. Remove the old leaves of the disease to prevent the diseased old leaves from competing for nutrition and growth space, and improve the light and ventilation conditions of the plants.
3. Prevent pests and diseases, prevent locusts, leaf miners and fly locusts, control powdery mildew, coal contamination, and gray mold, and do preventive work before the onset of winter.
Second, do a good job of insulation work
1. Cover the outer greenhouse membrane before the frost falls in mid-November.
2. When the minimum temperature at night falls below 10°C, do a good job of covering the two-layer membrane. When designing, it is necessary to facilitate sealing and heat preservation, and to facilitate ventilation during the day. The film is best to use a good heat insulation effect of 3-4 wire drip film, is conducive to reduce the air humidity inside the shed, when the temperature change is large, does not fog, increase the light passing rate.
3. When the temperature drops further below 0°C, cover the small ring of non-woven fabrics to enhance the heat preservation effect. In this way, when the temperature is extremely low -5--6°C, the temperature in the canopy can still reach 1-2°C. , free from frost damage. Conditional heating may be appropriate, but exhaust emissions should be taken care of, not to pollute the air in the shed.
Third, daily management of greenhouses
1. Note that due to the airtight state in the ventilation shed, coupled with the evaporating effect of soil evaporation, the humidity is very high. When the relative humidity exceeds 90%, it is easy to cause the generation of malformed flowers. At the same time, during the daytime, the temperature under sunlight is relatively high at high temperatures. In a high-humidity environment, it is easy to cause diseases; on the other hand, excessive accumulation of harmful gases such as ammonia gas in the shed is prone to cause leaf burning. In severe cases, the yield and quality of flowers are affected, and it is necessary to strengthen air exchange inside and outside the shed. Generally, the temperature will increase rapidly when exposed to sunlight. Ventilation should be started when the temperature rises to 15°C. The degree of ventilation increases with the increase of temperature, and it can be ventilated on the lee side when the outside temperature is low. The shed was closed around 3 pm to maintain the temperature.
2. Pay attention to the light, especially if you cover non-woven materials and other insulation materials, it must be opened during the day to increase the light through. The long-day plants of gerbera have a large demand for light. In the winter, they often affect the output due to lack of light. The conditions can be artificially supplemented with light, using 100-200 watt incandescent lamps or 40 watt fluorescent lamps every 5-6. The rice fills light for 3-6 hours per day (depending on the natural lighting time.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management and pest control
1, winter soil should maintain a certain degree of humidity, but should not be too wet, ditch can not plot (hanging) water. Fertilization is best done with drip irrigation to irrigate once every two weeks. The amount of irrigation water can be maintained with the roots of the plants. The amount of fertilizer used is 1 kg of potassium nitrate + 0.5 kg of calcium nitrate + 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in each standard shed. It is forbidden to use ammonia-containing fertilizers (such as urea, etc.) to prevent ammonia poisoning due to excessive accumulation of ammonia.
2, CO2 gas fertilizer in the half an hour before sunrise, Gerbera after a night of respiration, CO2 in the shed reached the peak of about 2000ppm or more, but within half an hour after sunrise due to rapid decline in plant photosynthesis consumption to air concentration 30% of the CO2 is insufficient to make the crop starved and seriously affect plant photosynthesis. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation or artificially increase CO2.
3. The main pest control diseases include root rot, leaf spot, gray mold, powdery mildew, and Phytophthora capsici. Most of them are caused by pathogenic bacteria in the soil. Once there is no practical method of cure, precautions must be taken to strengthen ventilation to reduce the humidity of the environment, and to remove diseased leaves and diseased plants in a timely manner to prevent burning of pathogens. Secondary pollution. Spray fungicide regularly. Fungicides can be used Cobo, Shigao, Fumei double, chlorothalonil, fast-king, fast-mildock, enemy off, special Fuling and so on. Usually 1 week of medication, such as the epidemic infection period is 2 times a day for 3 times, the timing of spraying should be carried out in the sunny morning, to ensure that the leaves are not wet after closing the greenhouse. Spraying pesticides can be combined with foliar fertilization, generally using trace element fertilizers or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance plant resistance.
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