1, increase the number of live births
1.1 Intensive immunization pig production, swine fever, pseudorabies, parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, reproductive and respiratory syndrome can cause sow reproductive disorders to varying degrees, resulting in reduced number of live births and reproductive failure. To reduce the occurrence of these epidemics, we must do a good job in immunization procedures according to local conditions. Before immunization, immunization must be done to increase the immunity of sows and to reduce the incidence of stillbirths and weak litters.
1.2 Breeding fine varieties The selection of excellent local varieties and hybrid pigs as breeding pigs can increase the number of live births.
1.3 Scientific feeding and management
1.3.1 Creating a suitable environmental condition: First, diligent disinfection to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms. The second is suitable temperature, cool in winter and cool in summer. The best temperature is controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, to avoid high temperature stress. The third is well-ventilated, should be dry, clean and sanitary. The fourth is to provide clean, fresh drinking water. The fifth is to do a good job of rodent control, mosquito control and fly control. Sixth, it is necessary to prevent fighting, slipping and other mechanical injuries. Seventh, pregnant sows are best kept in a single bar. The size of the limit bar must be determined according to the body of the pig. It should not be too narrow and there should be room for activities.
1.3.2 Strengthen the selection and feeding management of boars. Boars require obvious breed characteristics, strong physique, moderate fleas, strong limbs, and strong sexual desire. Boars should be properly exercised every day and fed to a full-fledged feed. The feed volume should not be too large. The breeding intensity should be appropriate.
1.3.3 Provide nutritionally balanced feeds, scientifically feed them, and formulate feeds according to feed standards to meet the needs of sows for nutrients such as protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. Fresh feed, no feed, spoilage, freezing and toxic and irritating feeds. Implement scientific feeding, look at feeding, and maintain a healthy body.
1.3.4 Grasp the age of first match and the age of use The initial age of sows should be determined according to local breeds, exotic breeds and cultivars. Sows are generally used for 5-6 years and should be renewed.
1.3.5 Timely breeding, raising the number of litters in the litter. The sows have a large reproductive potential. The breeding principle is based on the principle of "early matching with the old, small with the late, not the old with the middle". In general, the swelling and swelling of the vulva of the sow began to fade, and the fibroids flowed out, pressing the hindquarters. Tests have shown that the fertility rate of the appropriate matings reaches 98%, and repeated mating increases the litter size by 13% to 21%.
1.3.6 Eliminating sows with poor reproductive performance and raising their breeding level: Individuals who have not been estrus for a long time, drug aphrodisiac and improved feeding management and who are still not estrus or who have returned more than 3 times should be eliminated in time. Sows generally have the highest number of litters from 3 to 6 months of age, 9 to 10 months of age have reduced calving size and have significantly worsened performance. This type of sow should be eliminated. Sows that have poor suckling performance or postpartum milk should be recorded for use as a basis for elimination.
1.3.7 Reducing Embryonic Death? During the pregnancy of sows, from the implantation of embryos to the development of the fetus, there are several death peaks of the embryo: one is the initial stage of zygote attachment, ie, 9-13 days of fertilization; the other is the stop of embryonic organs. Growth, and the rapid growth of the embryo, that is, the late pregnancy 60 ~ 70d. The period of embryonic organ formation is the period with the most death of embryos. It is reported that the number of embryos died during this period accounted for 30% to 40% of the total number of embryonic deaths. In order to reduce embryonic disability, we must strengthen the nursing of the sow, keep the environment quiet, suitable humidity, prevent crowding and falls, banned whipping, the first month after mating must be limited feeding, energy can not be too high.
1.3.8 Strengthen management of sows during the tillering period to prevent the sows from becoming ill. Clean the delivery room one week before delivery. Ground and walls are sprayed with 10% to 20% of fresh lime water for disinfection. Use 2% to 5% before delivery. Suer water disinfects the sow's abdomen, breasts and vulva to prevent mastitis and metritis; the piglet is immediately cleared of its mucus after birth to prevent suffocation of the piglets, and the suspended piglets are given first aid. The sow is fed warm bran brine after birth to prevent constipation.
2Improve piglet survival rate and weaning weight
2.1 Grasping Colostrum, Having a Good Birth Colostrum contains abundant maternal antibodies and vitamins. The magnesium salts contained in sow colostrum have laxative effect, which can improve the immunity of piglets and help digestion. Colostrum is an indispensable food for piglets. Therefore, piglets should eat colostrum in time when they are born. At the same time, piglets have the habit of fixing the nipple and sucking milk. Therefore, the weak piglet should be placed in the breast nipple and the strong piglets should be The abdomen nipple sucks the milk, thus can make the litter pig grow evenly. If there are more litters and fewer sows have nipples, the piglets must be fostered. Nursery bar and delivery room were set up, heating was enhanced, and antifreeze and anti-pressure were applied to improve the survival rate of piglets.
2.2 grasping open food, too good feeding pigs around 21d after birth, sows milk production peak, after the gradual decline in milk production. In order to make up for the deficiency of breast milk in time, feeds should be provided early. Feeding is usually started 5 to 7 days after the birth of the piglet, and sweet, sweet granules or fried barley and corn can be placed on places where the piglets are often used. Its arches bite and feed. In addition, 1 mL of iron-cobalt agent can be injected intramuscularly at 2 days of piglets. The experiment showed that piglets can increase Fe and Se by 7% to 11%.
2.3 Grasping food, over-weaning Piglet piglet digestive function gradually improved after 30 days of age, its body weight increased rapidly, food intake increased significantly, entered the Wangshi stage, in line with the quality of feed, excellent quality, less feed Tim principle, daily Feed with full price pellets 5-6 times. Weaning should not change the growth environment of piglets too quickly.
3 Raising the number of litters per year for sows
3.1 Theoretical basis The sow’s gestation period is 114 days. If the sow is estrus and mated within 40 days after farrowing, the sow's production cycle will be 154d, two production cycles will be 308d, and the rest will be 57d in a year. The production of 4 litter piglets in two years will still be 114d. This 114d can be produced again. A litter of piglets, that is, five litters in two years. Practice has shown that when sows are weaned whenever they are weaned, as long as the hunger weaning method is used (sows reduce feed during weaning), sows can be estrus within one week. Sows generally need 5 to 10 days from weaning to estrus, with an average of 7 days, and the pregnancy rate can reach 100%. If the piglet is weaned at 30 days of age, the sow will be estrus at 37 days after farrowing.
3.2 Induction of estrus
3.2.1 Early Weaning of Piglets This is the main method to increase the number of litters per year of sows. At present, pig-raising countries advocate piglets 21 to 25 days of weaning. According to China's actual situation (pig, feed conditions, etc.) can take 30 to 40 days of weaning. According to the survey, piglets were weaned at 30 to 40 days of age and were sold at 60 days of age. They adapted to plant feeds, had a good appetite, gained weight quickly, and were not diarrhea. Piglets can be kept in the original circle after they leave the nest, and they can be reared in groups after they are adapted. At the same time, we must do a good job of keeping warm and hygienic work to prevent piglets.
3.2.2 promote sows during lactation estrus breeding in the sow within 20 ~ 40d aphrodisiac, so that it can estrus breeding, in order to shorten the sow production cycle. There are two ways to promote estrus during sow feeding: First, artificial interval weaning method, that is artificially controlled and extend the interval between suckling piglets, during the day only let the piglets eat milk 1 or 2 times, let the mother and son together at night. Due to the elongated suckling of suckling pigs, a large amount of milk accumulates in the sows' breasts, causing the breasts to swell, thereby limiting the secretion of oxytocin. The reduction of oxytocin in the blood lowers the inhibitory effect of follicle stimulating hormone and thus promotes estrus and ovulation in sows. The second is the injection of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin. The lactating sire from 18 to 32 days after delivery was injected with 2000 IU of maternal serum gonadotropin. Two artificial inseminations were performed 4 to 5 days after injection. The pregnancy rate of lactating sows could reach 70%.
1.1 Intensive immunization pig production, swine fever, pseudorabies, parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, reproductive and respiratory syndrome can cause sow reproductive disorders to varying degrees, resulting in reduced number of live births and reproductive failure. To reduce the occurrence of these epidemics, we must do a good job in immunization procedures according to local conditions. Before immunization, immunization must be done to increase the immunity of sows and to reduce the incidence of stillbirths and weak litters.
1.2 Breeding fine varieties The selection of excellent local varieties and hybrid pigs as breeding pigs can increase the number of live births.
1.3 Scientific feeding and management
1.3.1 Creating a suitable environmental condition: First, diligent disinfection to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms. The second is suitable temperature, cool in winter and cool in summer. The best temperature is controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, to avoid high temperature stress. The third is well-ventilated, should be dry, clean and sanitary. The fourth is to provide clean, fresh drinking water. The fifth is to do a good job of rodent control, mosquito control and fly control. Sixth, it is necessary to prevent fighting, slipping and other mechanical injuries. Seventh, pregnant sows are best kept in a single bar. The size of the limit bar must be determined according to the body of the pig. It should not be too narrow and there should be room for activities.
1.3.2 Strengthen the selection and feeding management of boars. Boars require obvious breed characteristics, strong physique, moderate fleas, strong limbs, and strong sexual desire. Boars should be properly exercised every day and fed to a full-fledged feed. The feed volume should not be too large. The breeding intensity should be appropriate.
1.3.3 Provide nutritionally balanced feeds, scientifically feed them, and formulate feeds according to feed standards to meet the needs of sows for nutrients such as protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. Fresh feed, no feed, spoilage, freezing and toxic and irritating feeds. Implement scientific feeding, look at feeding, and maintain a healthy body.
1.3.4 Grasp the age of first match and the age of use The initial age of sows should be determined according to local breeds, exotic breeds and cultivars. Sows are generally used for 5-6 years and should be renewed.
1.3.5 Timely breeding, raising the number of litters in the litter. The sows have a large reproductive potential. The breeding principle is based on the principle of "early matching with the old, small with the late, not the old with the middle". In general, the swelling and swelling of the vulva of the sow began to fade, and the fibroids flowed out, pressing the hindquarters. Tests have shown that the fertility rate of the appropriate matings reaches 98%, and repeated mating increases the litter size by 13% to 21%.
1.3.6 Eliminating sows with poor reproductive performance and raising their breeding level: Individuals who have not been estrus for a long time, drug aphrodisiac and improved feeding management and who are still not estrus or who have returned more than 3 times should be eliminated in time. Sows generally have the highest number of litters from 3 to 6 months of age, 9 to 10 months of age have reduced calving size and have significantly worsened performance. This type of sow should be eliminated. Sows that have poor suckling performance or postpartum milk should be recorded for use as a basis for elimination.
1.3.7 Reducing Embryonic Death? During the pregnancy of sows, from the implantation of embryos to the development of the fetus, there are several death peaks of the embryo: one is the initial stage of zygote attachment, ie, 9-13 days of fertilization; the other is the stop of embryonic organs. Growth, and the rapid growth of the embryo, that is, the late pregnancy 60 ~ 70d. The period of embryonic organ formation is the period with the most death of embryos. It is reported that the number of embryos died during this period accounted for 30% to 40% of the total number of embryonic deaths. In order to reduce embryonic disability, we must strengthen the nursing of the sow, keep the environment quiet, suitable humidity, prevent crowding and falls, banned whipping, the first month after mating must be limited feeding, energy can not be too high.
1.3.8 Strengthen management of sows during the tillering period to prevent the sows from becoming ill. Clean the delivery room one week before delivery. Ground and walls are sprayed with 10% to 20% of fresh lime water for disinfection. Use 2% to 5% before delivery. Suer water disinfects the sow's abdomen, breasts and vulva to prevent mastitis and metritis; the piglet is immediately cleared of its mucus after birth to prevent suffocation of the piglets, and the suspended piglets are given first aid. The sow is fed warm bran brine after birth to prevent constipation.
2Improve piglet survival rate and weaning weight
2.1 Grasping Colostrum, Having a Good Birth Colostrum contains abundant maternal antibodies and vitamins. The magnesium salts contained in sow colostrum have laxative effect, which can improve the immunity of piglets and help digestion. Colostrum is an indispensable food for piglets. Therefore, piglets should eat colostrum in time when they are born. At the same time, piglets have the habit of fixing the nipple and sucking milk. Therefore, the weak piglet should be placed in the breast nipple and the strong piglets should be The abdomen nipple sucks the milk, thus can make the litter pig grow evenly. If there are more litters and fewer sows have nipples, the piglets must be fostered. Nursery bar and delivery room were set up, heating was enhanced, and antifreeze and anti-pressure were applied to improve the survival rate of piglets.
2.2 grasping open food, too good feeding pigs around 21d after birth, sows milk production peak, after the gradual decline in milk production. In order to make up for the deficiency of breast milk in time, feeds should be provided early. Feeding is usually started 5 to 7 days after the birth of the piglet, and sweet, sweet granules or fried barley and corn can be placed on places where the piglets are often used. Its arches bite and feed. In addition, 1 mL of iron-cobalt agent can be injected intramuscularly at 2 days of piglets. The experiment showed that piglets can increase Fe and Se by 7% to 11%.
2.3 Grasping food, over-weaning Piglet piglet digestive function gradually improved after 30 days of age, its body weight increased rapidly, food intake increased significantly, entered the Wangshi stage, in line with the quality of feed, excellent quality, less feed Tim principle, daily Feed with full price pellets 5-6 times. Weaning should not change the growth environment of piglets too quickly.
3 Raising the number of litters per year for sows
3.1 Theoretical basis The sow’s gestation period is 114 days. If the sow is estrus and mated within 40 days after farrowing, the sow's production cycle will be 154d, two production cycles will be 308d, and the rest will be 57d in a year. The production of 4 litter piglets in two years will still be 114d. This 114d can be produced again. A litter of piglets, that is, five litters in two years. Practice has shown that when sows are weaned whenever they are weaned, as long as the hunger weaning method is used (sows reduce feed during weaning), sows can be estrus within one week. Sows generally need 5 to 10 days from weaning to estrus, with an average of 7 days, and the pregnancy rate can reach 100%. If the piglet is weaned at 30 days of age, the sow will be estrus at 37 days after farrowing.
3.2 Induction of estrus
3.2.1 Early Weaning of Piglets This is the main method to increase the number of litters per year of sows. At present, pig-raising countries advocate piglets 21 to 25 days of weaning. According to China's actual situation (pig, feed conditions, etc.) can take 30 to 40 days of weaning. According to the survey, piglets were weaned at 30 to 40 days of age and were sold at 60 days of age. They adapted to plant feeds, had a good appetite, gained weight quickly, and were not diarrhea. Piglets can be kept in the original circle after they leave the nest, and they can be reared in groups after they are adapted. At the same time, we must do a good job of keeping warm and hygienic work to prevent piglets.
3.2.2 promote sows during lactation estrus breeding in the sow within 20 ~ 40d aphrodisiac, so that it can estrus breeding, in order to shorten the sow production cycle. There are two ways to promote estrus during sow feeding: First, artificial interval weaning method, that is artificially controlled and extend the interval between suckling piglets, during the day only let the piglets eat milk 1 or 2 times, let the mother and son together at night. Due to the elongated suckling of suckling pigs, a large amount of milk accumulates in the sows' breasts, causing the breasts to swell, thereby limiting the secretion of oxytocin. The reduction of oxytocin in the blood lowers the inhibitory effect of follicle stimulating hormone and thus promotes estrus and ovulation in sows. The second is the injection of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin. The lactating sire from 18 to 32 days after delivery was injected with 2000 IU of maternal serum gonadotropin. Two artificial inseminations were performed 4 to 5 days after injection. The pregnancy rate of lactating sows could reach 70%.
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