The lawn must have proper conditions to perform normal growth and reproduction. When the lawn is affected by unfavorable environmental conditions or is infested by other pests, normal growth and development cannot be performed, and if the disease is severe, it will cause the death of the lawn. The cause of lawn disease is caused by unfavorable environmental conditions on the one hand. It is called non-infectious disease, also called physiological disease. On the other hand, it is caused by the infection of other harmful organisms. It is called infectious disease. Disease.
Main diseases and prevention of lawn
1. Rust
Rust is a serious fungal disease. It is mainly harmful to Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, Bermudagrass and tall fescue. Under appropriate environmental conditions, it will happen within a few days, causing serious losses.
In the early stage of rust, light yellow spots appeared on the leaves and stems. With the development of the disease, the number of lesions increased, and the epidermis of the leaves and stems burst out of the yellow, orange, brown, chestnut brown, or pink thick spore masses. . A rust-colored, black teliospore pile appeared in the diseased part of the disease during the later stages of disease development. The most typical symptoms are hand rubbing the diseased leaves and a rust-colored powder on the hands. These powders are the urease spores and teliospores of rust. Due to the rust, the damaged turfgrass grows poorly, the leaves and stalks are bent into abnormal colors, the turfgrass grows dwarf, and the photosynthesis declines, causing severe turf death.
At the onset of the disease, pre-injection of 150-fold Bordeaux mixture or 400-500-fold carbendazim solution is used for the prophylactic injection of alfalfa in the returning green stage, and diuretic-sulfur compound, zein-zinc, wilt-fermenting spirit, triadimefon, etc. 25% triadimefon wettable powder 1000 to 2500 times liquid, 12.5% ​​speed poly (tepazole) wettable powder 2000 times liquid and so on.
2. Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is a common disease of barnyardgrass and is distributed throughout the world. The occurrence of turfgrass in early maturing, thin fescue and bermudagrass was more serious. The variety was susceptible, the habitat was unpleasant, and the incidence was severe when the light was insufficient, resulting in poor turf growth, premature aging and landscape destruction.
At the beginning of the disease, there is a layer of white powder on the surface of the leaves, leaf sheaths and shoots. These powders are the conidia, conidiophores and mycelia of the pathogen. The bacteria grew rapidly, quickly expanded and covered the entire foliage, and the mold layer became thicker and grayish and light brown. In the later stages of the disease, many small yellow to brown dots emerged, namely the closed shell of the powdery mildew. In general, older leaves suffer more than young leaves. As the surface of the plant is covered with powdery mildew, photosynthesis is reduced, and respiratory disorders cause asphyxiation. A chlorotic spot appeared on the surface of the plant. The plant grew poorly and withered. In severe cases, the plants withered and died. The lawn was continuously sparse, and eventually the large lawn was destroyed.
Areas where heavier disease has occurred over the past years should be sprayed and controlled at the beginning of spring. Effective agents include 25% carbendazim WP 500 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000-1500 times, and 50% effluent. Special wettable powder 1000 times liquid and 25% triadimefon wettable powder 2000 to 3000 times liquid and so on.
3. Lawn brown spot
Brown spot is an important and common fungal disease on turfgrass. In the cool-season lawns, when the lawn is low, the air is humid, and the weather is warm, the lawns infected by Rhizoctonia solani begin to develop lesions, and the lesions develop rapidly, extending from the first few centimeters to several. Ten centimeters, a black-purple or gray-brown, smoke-like rim surrounds the lesion. This smoke ring is the mycelium of the fungus. In the cool-season turf, the grass stays high, and on lawns of perennial ryegrass, bluegrass or tall fescue, it mainly causes light brown ring lesions, rarely forms smoke rings, and the diameter of lesions is generally low. There is 15 cm. In dry conditions, the lesion can be as large as 30 cm. Symptoms often appear on the damaged lawn, forming a ring-shaped spot, also known as frog eyes.
Bordeaux fluid or 25% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times, 50% bacteriostatic wettable powder 1000 times.
4. Anthrax
Anthrax is a worldwide disease that occurs on most turfgrasses. It is a common leaf disease caused mainly by conidia of fungal asexual generations. In particular, it is particularly harmful to bluegrass and cockroach and bentgrass.
In colder and moister conditions, pathogens mainly infect the roots, root necks, and stem bases, especially in the base of stems. The lesions were initially immersed in water and developed into large oval-grey-brown spots. Black lesions grew on the late lesions, which were the conidia of pathogenic bacteria, and dark brown bristles in the discs. Severe incidence of root and stem base when the whole or part of the childbirth poor birth, yellowing dead. The incidence of premature aging leaves. Occurs on the leaves oval, oblong red-brown lesions, diseased leaves turn yellow, brown and even dead. On sick lawns, weeds with diameters ranging from a few centimeters to several meters in diameter are produced. They are reddish-brown, yellowish, and finally brown.
In prevention and control, strengthen turfgrass management, remove diseased bodies, balance the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, avoid fertilizing in hot and dry conditions, reduce irrigation times, and do not water in the afternoon and evening to reduce the environmental humidity. Planting immunization or high-resistance varieties, spray fungicide when necessary.
5. Cercospora leaf spot
Occurs in grasses such as bentgrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and blunt weeds. The leaves and sheaths were oval-shaped and irregularly spotted, brown to purple-brown, with a size of 4 mm and 1 mm. The lesions were yellowish to gray in the interior of the lesions and had a layer of gray and mildew. In severe cases, the diseased leaves withered and the lawn was thin.
Control measures: Rational use of fertilizers is beneficial to the control of the disease. Improve the turf environment, remove the trees and shrubs around the grasslands to keep the grasslands afloat and have sufficient sunlight. Breeding disease-resistant varieties, has now cultivated varieties against Cercospora leaf spot, such as Blunting grass. The use of fungicides can effectively control the occurrence of leaf spot disease.
6. Red silk disease
The important diseases of the lawn include cutting bentgrass, ryegrass, bluegrass, and many other turfgrasses. The diseased lawn has round or irregular shaped grass spots ranging from 5 to 50 cm in diameter. The diseased grass is watery and quickly died. The appearance of dead yellow dead leaves on the grass is one of the early recognition features. Diseased plant leaves and leaf sheaths produce water-stained lesions that gradually die from tip to leaf stem. The diseased area is covered with pink, orange-red to dark red mycelia under saturated humidity, forming a red filamentous mycelium up to 10 mm and a cottony conjunctival spore mass of up to 10 mm in diameter. The spots are red-brown and easy to identify.
Prevention methods: Prevention and treatment of the disease must first balance fertilization and increase nitrogen fertilizer. Different disease resistance of Valerian species, should avoid the cultivation of highly susceptible varieties. If necessary, the onset of lawn sprayed mancozeb, thiram, or other fungicides.
7. Pythium
Almost all turfgrass is harmed by Pythium, especially in the cold season. This is a very destructive disease. Under the right conditions, the disease can happen in one day and destroy the lawn.
During the process of seed germination and unearthing, it was infested by Pythium, and bud rot, seedling rot and seedling pods appeared. The tip of the young root shows a typical brown rot. The lightly diseased leaves of the seedlings turn yellow and slightly short, and the symptoms may disappear afterwards.
Control methods: Improve lawn site conditions. Before the establishment of the plantation, the land should be leveled, and soil with heavy clay or soil with high sediment content should be improved. To set underground or surface drainage facilities to avoid accumulation of water after rain and reduce groundwater level; strengthen turfgrass management. When the thickness of the layer of hay is more than 2 cm, remove it in time, and do not cut grass when there is dew in the hot season to avoid transmission of germs. Balanced fertilization, avoiding applying excessive nitrogen fertilizer, increasing phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer; planting resistant varieties. Disease-resistant varieties have strong physiological compensation. After the onset of disease, the losses are reduced by enhancing the development of the root system; seed dressing is used to prevent bad seeds and tripling of seedlings. In the high temperature and high humidity season, fungicides should be sprayed on the lawn in time. The effective fungicides of Pythium, such as Alpha-Phosphorus, Metalaxyl, Chlorothalonil, Metalaxyl Manganese Zinc, and Anti-Virus can prevent this disease.
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