Ecological "combination boxing" for greenhouse fertilization
Greenhouses are a special closed environment, so fertilization must be "eco-friendly" and "humanized". In this way, the longevity of greenhouses can be long-lasting, and it will bring about continuous and efficient production performance and economic benefits, enabling users to make profits for a long time. The greatest annoyance plaguing growers in greenhouses is the piles of rubbish each season. The disposal of garbage in greenhouses is not good, and it is not only easy to infect pathogens, causing unnecessary losses to growers, but also polluting the environment. Can you find a way to make green sheds green? In this way, we can “take it out of the shed and use it for the shedâ€, which not only relieves the worries of “when the farmers arrive,†but also realizes the reuse of resources. In addition, such wastes as livestock and poultry excreta, straws, leftovers from farmers' markets, household waste, litter, etc. also need to be effectively treated, otherwise they will affect the growth of plants, affect the surrounding environment and affect human health.
First, the fermentation method is an effective measure to solve the troubles of greenhouses
Professional fertilizer starters are experts in this field. It can help solve these problems. Why? Take the Fertilizer Fermentation Agent as an example, it belongs to the domestic first natural compound fermentation bacterial agent, and absorbs the essence of the international high-end microbiology engineering technology and process flow, and is developed by Seiko. The production of ecological organic fertilizer with starter has the characteristics of fast fermentation, good fermentation, high-temperature fermentation, low-temperature fermentation, greatly shortening the production time, lowering costs, etc., as well as broad generality and adaptability, widely used. In all animal farms such as chickens, pigs, cattle, sheep, and rabbits, greenhouse bases, and farmers' markets, wastes, household garbage, food processing residues, municipal sludge, parks and residential communities, litter management of golf courses, and flowers Seedlings and soil nutrient soil production, etc., set economic, ecological and social benefits in one.
So, what is the difference between fermentation and non-fermentation, or addition of bacteria and traditional composting, and what are the characteristics of fermented fertilizers? The outstanding advantages of adding functional strain fermentation are mainly reflected in:
1, can remove bacteria. The traditional method of composting organic fertilizer contains a large number of bacteria, eggs, is the main source of infection of crop infections and insect pests. If the organic fertilizer is treated with the jinbao starter, the fermentation temperature can be longer than 65 degrees for several days, so that all kinds of bacteria and eggs can be completely killed to prevent pests and diseases.
2, can avoid burning seedlings. Naturally fermented fertilizers are generally not fully fermented, showing "dirty," "sticky," and "stinking" phenomena. They are inconvenient to use, unsanitary, and can easily cause root-burning. The organic fertilizer processed by the starter is fully and thoroughly fermented and never burns.
3, can maintain points. In the process of natural fermentation, the loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is very serious, and the general utilization rate is only 30-40%. The use of goldfish fermentation agent treatment, the utilization rate of up to 95%.
4, can save time. The traditional method of composting organic fertilizers takes too long, and some time-consuming one or two years. The treatment with the goldfish starter can be easily completed in 4-7 days.
5, can increase efficiency. Some people say that using biological starter to increase costs is not worthwhile. Actually not the case, a simple frame calculation will be clear: Take Jinbao starter as an example, 1 kg of fermentation auxiliaries 40 yuan (usually the market retail price is 35-50 yuan) can ferment 1.5 tons of organic materials (refers to the dry material, wet material About 2.5-3.0 tons), and the organic fertilizers produced by conventional composting contain a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. If the feces of livestock and poultry that have not been fermented and decomposed are directly applied to greenhouses, burning of roots will cause seedlings or diseases. The economic loss and the increased cost of pesticides may be several times or several times higher than the price of the starter itself. It does not take into account the cost of one or two years.
Second, the fermentation process of fertilizer is simple and easy to operate
The method of operation is described with the example of fermenting pig manure into high-grade organic manure with a type of starter culture.
Fermentation of chicken manure with a type of fermented auxiliaries of Kindergarten, 1.5 tons of organic material (about 2.5 to 3 tons of fresh material) plus 1 kilogram of Kimpo Fermentation Agent, and 5 kilograms of rice bran per kilogram of gold treasure starter (or bran, Replacement of corn flour, etc.) Diluted and then evenly scattered into the material pile, mixed and fermented. During the fermentation process, proper oxygen supply and turnover were noted. The temperature rise was controlled at about 70°C, and the temperature was too high to affect nutrients. The moisture of the fermentation material should be controlled at 60 to 65%. Too high or too low is not conducive to fermentation, too little water, slow fermentation; too much water can lead to poor ventilation, slow heating and produce odor. To adjust the moisture content of the material: If the moisture content is too high, add straw, sawdust, mushroom slag, and dry earth powder. Whether the water is suitable or not is judged by hand: hand grasps a handful of material, the finger sees the watermark but does not drip, the landing is loose. The entire fermentation process is completed 5-7 days. Finished organic fertilizer is fluffy, dark brown, slightly scented or earthy, nutrient-rich, used in fruits and vegetables, cash crops, seedlings, flower nutrition soil, value-added several times.
Third, examples of ecological fertilizer application in greenhouses
Ecological fertilization is actually a systematic project. Fertilizing organic manure is an important part of it. There are many other aspects that should be taken into consideration. The following describes the fertilization method for the whole growth period using eggplant as an example:
1, seeds. The fertilization of seeds is best done by dressing with microbial strains of bacteria. Fertilizer seed dressing can not only ensure the nutrient needed for seed germination, but also provide a good soil environment for the germination of seeds, which is conducive to raising seedling rate and cultivating strong seedlings. However, there are two problems that should be noticed in the application of dressings with fungicide: first, the qualified quality of fungicide should be used. The inferior bacteria fertilizer is harmful to the seeds and it is useless. Do not use it. Should choose to have a reliable technical background and technical sources, quality performance and stability of the bacterial fertilizer, such as the stability of Jinbao bacteria fertilizer can be used. Second, minimize the death of microorganisms. Fertilizer should avoid direct sunlight, and should be operated in the shade during seed dressing. Seed should be sowed immediately after dressing, and immediately cover soil. Fertilizer should not be mixed with highly toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers. In addition, gold oyster root seedlings can also be used when seedlings or nursery seedlings are grown to make the seeds germinate quickly, with consistent emergence and no weak seedlings.
2, seedling period. Phosphate fertilizers applied at the seedling stage (mycorrhizal fungi can greatly increase the utilization of phosphate fertilizers) can lead to earlier results. 9 square meters of seedbed can be applied to sieve organic fertilizer 200 kg (preferably fermented organic fertilizer), superphosphate and potassium sulfate 0.5 kg each; in the seedling stage (2 leaves after 1 heart) use the treasure Strong roots and roots can significantly promote the elongation of primary roots, increase boldness, increase lateral roots, enhance root activity and absorption intensity, and form strong seedlings as soon as possible to facilitate transplanting. When the eggplant seedlings grow to 4 to 5 true leaves, if the lower leaves are light in color, they can be sprayed with 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea, which can guarantee the development of strong seedlings.
3, basal fat. If greenhouses are covered with plastic film, most fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizer because of the inconvenience of top dressing. The amount of fertilizer used in the old shed and the new shed is different. Because the old shed has more residual fat than the new shed soil, the new shed will be more fertilized than the old shed. Most of the old shed soil has excess nitrogen, phosphorus is rich, and potassium is insufficient. Apply 6,000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. If it is an old shed, the application amount can be reduced and 20 to 30 kg of potassium sulfate can be added. Organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer should be fully applied and then turned into soil. Special attention should be paid to the fact that organic fertilizers must be fully fermented and decomposed, which can not only reduce the loss of nutrients, but also completely remove organic pathogens such as germs and eggs. If it can be used with the application of the microbial fertilizer, the use of 1-2 kilograms of mu is better, because the qualified biological bacterial fertilizer not only contains a large number of nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-releasing active bacteria, but also contains organic matter, humic acid and trace elements, etc. . In combination with the bacterial fertilizer, it will not only save the amount of fertilizer used, but also solve the problems of soil compaction and increase of soil microbial content.
4, top dressing. The top dressing of eggplant should be based on available nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphate and potassium fertilizers, and appropriate amount of biological bacteria fertilizer. According to the growth period of eggplant, it can be divided into priming fruit fertilizer, fruit fertilizer and starry fertilizer. When the "Ganpai" reached the "open-eye period", the fruits began to grow rapidly, and the entire plant entered a period of fruit growth. At this time, the first topdressing is called detoxification, which is the key period of fertilizer application. The dosage is 30-40 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters, or 15-20 kg of urea. When the "swine" fruit enlargement, "Saimendou" began to develop, it is the peak period of eggplant fertilization, and then the second topdressing, that is, full fruit fertilizer. With quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers as the main component and phosphorus and potash fertilizers, it is also necessary to pay attention to the application of medium-sized and trace element fertilizers such as calcium, boron and zinc on the foliage. In combination with watering, 1,000 kg of diluted dilute urine or 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per 667 m2. After the second top-dressing and 10 days before the last harvest, when each layer of fruit begins to swell, it is chased once every 10 days or so and a total of 5-6 times of fat is recovered. Fertilizer and dilute urine are best used interchangeably.
5. Fertilizer outside roots: From the beginning of the fruiting period, fertilizers such as 0.2%-0.3% urea, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1%-0.2% magnesium sulfate can be sprayed according to growing conditions. Usually 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
In addition, the growing season can be used to irrigate the roots with the root of the swarovski root, which can significantly stimulate the occurrence and elongation of root systems at all levels, increase the absorption area and absorption intensity of the root system, provide protection for the growth and development of the aboveground parts, and can also resist heavy smashing. It can effectively prevent rot, roots, dead seedlings, plant premature aging and so on.
Through the above ecological fertilization, growers can obtain more ideal output, so as to increase production, improve quality and increase income, and at the same time extend the life of greenhouses, ensure the sustainable economic benefits, and achieve both ecological and environmental benefits.
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