Experts: The old rice planted by Lao Peng did not slow down in time this year. The main reasons are:
1. Too much nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the base fertilizer. 25% of the high-concentration compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was applied 40 kg/mu 2 days before transplanting, and 25 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate was applied. After the transplanting, additional manure was applied on the 7th day after transplanting. Urea 15 was applied. - 20 kg/mu. Before and after these two base fertilizers, a total of 17-19 kg/mu of pure nitrogen was applied, and the amount of available nitrogen fertilizer applied was too large. The total amount of nitrogen recommended by the local agricultural technology department is 12-14 kg/mu.
2. Improper fertilization methods. Before paddy rice transplanting, the paddy field soil was not deep-turned, and a large amount of basal fertilizer was applied with disk rakes to carry water. The shallow soil layer was flooded, and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer was concentrated in the shallow 10 cm soil with water, combined with ammonium carbonate dissolution and urea. Hydrolysis increased the alkaline reaction of the root layer, resulting in a high concentration of free ammonium/ammonia near the rhizosphere, which caused the rice seedlings after transplanting to be stressed and slowed down.
In this case, the adverse effects caused by the excessively high nitrogen application rate and excessive concentration are not only reflected in the slow and slow problem that has already occurred, but also have other adverse effects in the production of the current season. Some of these effects may be visible and some may not be visible. The invisible and incalculable adverse effects are that it exacerbates the loss of nitrogen fertilizers and increases the pressure on the environment. Fertilizer nitrogen has high concentrations in soil and irrigation water, but small root systems in the tiller stage have less absorption. At this time, high concentration of nitrogen stays in the earth water for a long time, which will cause leakage and volatilization losses; due to the increase of nitrogen loss, in the later stage When rice is heading and grouting, there will be insufficient supply of nitrogen in the soil, resulting in less than expected yield and quality of rice. The factors that determine rice yield include ear number, grain number, and grain weight. Both the grain number and grain weight are mainly determined by the level of soil nutrient supply in the later period. Nitrogen is a lively element. It is concentrated in a large amount in the early stage, resulting in loss of nitrogen. When nitrogen is needed in later stages, nitrogen is insufficient, which inevitably leads to a loss of yield and quality. Wait until the time of harvest to calculate the amount of rice produced, grade, and amount of nitrogen fertilizer put in by the base fertilizer, and know that this year's nitrogen utilization rate is low, and the uneconomical economic benefits are obvious.
For the unreasonable fertilization method in this case, the following two current high-yield fertilization schemes for rice production are introduced for reference.
1. Balanced fertilization method. One-third of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the whole layer (before planting, mixed in 0-20cm layer), 1/3 of nitrogen application is promoted in returning green stage, and 1/3 of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spikelet differentiation stage to reduce the degradation of spikelets. , keep flowers.
2. Deep fertilization method. The 30% nitrogen was applied to the 5-7 cm soil in the full layer before transplanting or 7-10 days after the planting. At the beginning of spike differentiation, the remaining 70% was applied and applied deep into the 12-15 cm soil layer. This method has a high utilization rate of fertilizer, which saves 20% of nitrogen compared to surface treatment. Rice grows steadily, the spike rate is high, stem segments are thick and short, the upper leaves are large, the leaves are dark, and grains are full.
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