Diseases and pests occurred more than last year. Insect pests were more serious than diseases. With the recent warming, wheat has entered a period of burgeoning green, and the main pests in spring wheat fields have revived and increased. In order to lose no time in guiding the main pest control in wheat fields, the following main factors affecting the incidence of spring wheat pests and diseases are analyzed as follows: I. Analysis of major influence factors (1) Meteorological conditions Since September last year, serious problems have occurred in our province. The autumn, winter and spring seasons are even dry. There were 34.76 million mu of winter wheat in the province affected by drought. Meteorological drought is once in 60 years. Although there was a snowfall process from February 12 to 14, most areas were only 3 to 5 millimeters, and the drought situation was not effectively alleviated. Since the winter, the temperature in our province has been higher than usual. The average temperature in October-December 2010 was 1.2 degrees higher than in the same period of 2009, and the rainfall decreased by 68.3%; the average temperature in January-February 2011 was 0.43°C lower, and the precipitation decreased by 103%. The provincial meteorological center forecast that the average temperature in the spring from March to May will be slightly higher than normal, and the precipitation will be about 1 to 20% less. The overall weather conditions are conducive to the occurrence of wheat pests. (II) Wheat planting area, seedling condition and growing trend The wheat sown area of ​​the province is 53.86 million mu, which is 260,000 mu more than that of the previous year. The sowing date is in the middle and early October and is 6 to 15 days later than the normal year. The high impact of last year's winter wheat growing ahead of last year's increase is not conducive to winter wheat seedlings. The temperature in January and February was lower than the same period last year, affecting the return of wheat to strong young seedlings; combined with severe drought in winter, the secondary root growth of wheat seedlings was hindered and ground nutrition Poor body development, the proportion of small seedlings, weak seedlings, and yellow seedlings increased. The proportion of the first and second seedlings was lower than that before winter. The condition of dead seedlings caused by severe drought increased the resistance of the plants, resulting in a certain degree of disease damage. Increase. (c) Overwintering base number of disease and insect pests The overwintering base number of insect pests in wheat fields on wheat fields is high on the whole. The winter wheat base was higher than the normal number in the past winter, and the control index was reached in some areas. According to recent surveys, Weihai and Qingdao have a higher base. Wheat spiders were affected by drought in the earlier period, and the overwintering base number was relatively large. The recent decrease in the base affected by low temperature was still higher than the same period of last year. The survey of the midge in the recent period was similar to that of the previous year. Before the winter survey, the overwintering base number of the ground pests such as golden worms was higher than in previous years, and some plots of wheat suffered from vacant shoots due to underground worms. At present, wheat stripe rust is not found in the province and is the lightest year in winter in the past 6 years. (IV) Resistance status of main cultivars The main varieties of wheat in Shandong Province this year are Jimai 22, Jimai 20, Yannong 19, Daimai 8, Jinan 17, Jimai 21, Liangxing 99, Yannong 24, Tainong 18 Wait. From the perspective of disease resistance and distribution of the main cultivars, the resistant varieties of powdery mildew have a larger area; the resistance and susceptible cultivars of stripe rust are basically the same; the diseased cultivars are the main varieties of leaf rust; and the sheath blight are susceptible cultivars. (V) Seed-dressing and coating conditions In the autumn of 2010, Shandong wheat seed subsidies were fully covered, all of them were uniformly applied to the seed, and seed coating and seed dressing were uniformly carried out. The use of road fungicides and insecticides could be reduced. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Second, the main pest occurrence trend analysis According to the above analysis, forecast the incidence of wheat pests and diseases to a moderate degree of occurrence, estimated total area of ​​180 million mu. Occurrence is characterized by the occurrence of pests and diseases more important than last year, pests are more important than diseases. (I) Insect pests: The tendency toward overweight occurs overall. The temperature in October-December 2010 was higher than normal, and the precipitation was less; especially in November, the temperature was higher than usual, and the precipitation was less. In most regions, the drought situation was favorable to the occurrence of wheat aphid and red spider. In January-February this year, the precipitation is less than normal, and the temperature is lower than usual. It is unfavorable for the overwintering of the pests; the rainfall in March-May is 1 to 20% less than usual, the temperature rises slowly, and the climatic conditions are favorable to the drought-loving pests. , It has a certain inhibitory effect on the dampness pests. With the gradual increase of the water pouring area, short-term watering the field of wheat aphid, spider mite harm is inhibited. However, if the drought persists and the temperature gradually rises, the occurrence of wheat worms and spider mites, especially non-watered wheat fields, will be heavier than usual. In addition, as the temperature rises, the underground pests will gradually move upwards, and the wheat will enter the peak of damage after turning green. Due to drought and frost damage, the hazards of the underground pests will increase. (B) Diseases: The trend is generally mild, but pay attention to the epidemic of root diseases. In January-February this year, the precipitation is less than normal, and the temperature is lower than usual. It will continue to be dry and rainless during the winter and spring, which is not conducive to the overwintering of pathogenic bacteria. Continuous drought, the high dry rate of wheat leaves, is unfavorable for rust pathogens overwintering. The overall incidence of autumn seedlings in southwest and northwestern Sichuan is lower than in previous years, and the number of exogenous bacterial sources has been relatively reduced. However, stripe rust bacteria have the characteristics of widespread spread in the region. Wheat varieties grown in our province are not resistant to stripe rust, and the temperature rises. If the spring humidity is appropriate, stripe rust may still be prevalent. Returning to the green jointing stage is the peak period of another infestation and eradication of root diseases such as sheath blight, total erosion disease, and root rot disease. In the same disease condition, drought years often endanger the loss. Due to drought, the return of green water to irrigation will be ahead of schedule, and the temperature will fluctuate in the early spring. This can easily cause the epidemic of seedling diseases such as root rot and sheath blight of wheat. In addition, the area of ​​straw returning in recent years is relatively large, and the frequency of bacterial strains in the field of sheath blight is high. This year, sheath blight will still show a moderate to heavy tendency. Last year, the occurrence of wheat head blight was heavier, resulting in more winter bacterial pathogens for Fusarium head blight, such as wheat heading in the event of continuous rainy days, and wheat scab has an intermediate prevalence.
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