Introduction of Blackberry and Its Cultivation Techniques

Blackberry, Rosaceae Rubus. Its fruit is berry with unique flavor and rich nutrition and health functions. In order to explore the adaptability of Blackberry in the Luzhongnan mountainous region, the basic situation test was conducted in the townships (towns) of Jiepai and Gaodu in Mengyin County, with an area of ​​6.67h, local elevation of 290?510m, and a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Four seasons. The annual average temperature is 12.8°C, the maximum temperature is 40°C, the minimum temperature is 21.1°C, the frost-free period is 196 days, the accumulated temperature is ≥0°C is 4840°C, the annual precipitation is 852mm, the annual evaporation is 2224mm, and the annual sunshine duration is 2507.7 hours. The soil is sandy soil and brown loam soil. The thickness of the soil layer is 25 to 50era, and the p1t value is 6.5 to 7.8, with irrigation conditions. The American varieties Hull and Chseter were introduced from the Nanjing Blackberry Base and the plant spacing was 1.0m by 2.0m. 2 Introduction performance 2.1 Growth results habits and fruit traits, stem half upright, no thorns, new shoots grow slowly at first, and then accelerating growth and aging, the stem's pith is large. The branch was not fruitable in the year, and the two-year-old branch blossomed and died after the fall. Bisexual flowers, self fertility. The fruit is a conical fruit, conical. It is dark purple after maturation and has a shiny surface. The average fruit weight is 5.89, with a maximum of 13.89. It is tender and juicy, with a purple-red juice, a rich aroma and a sweet and sour taste. Hull fruit soluble solids content of 9.52%, Chester was 9.29%. 2.2 Yield The planting year is the flowering result, but the result is few and the ear is loose and the grain is small. In the second year of planting, the results of all the two varieties were planted. Among them, Hull averaged 31 ear per plant, with 15.5 per panicle, average fruit weight 5.19, average plant yield 2.5 kg, 666.7 per thousand production. 816.1kg. After the second year of planting, Chester had an average of 33 panicles per plant and 13.0 panicles per panicle, with an average fruit weight of 4.879, an average yield of 2.1 kg, and 666.7 tons of 699.3 kg. In the 3rd to 6th year after planting (2003-2006), the average Hull 666.7┫ production was 794.5, 2212.1, 2841.7 and 2874.2kg; Chester was 504.8, 2017 respectively. .8, 2701.8 and 2666.1kg. 2.3 The phonological period in Mengyin, Shandong, two blackberry varieties are budding leaves in early April, buds blossom in mid-May, flowering to mid-June, the entire flowering period of 30 to 40 days. The fruit growth period is 25 to 30 days. It matures from late June to late July. The harvest period is more than 30 days. The performance is good, the adaptability is strong, the resistance is thin, the resistance to extensive management, and the requirements for fertilizer and water conditions are not high. No serious pests and diseases were found in the trials for 6 years. 3 Cultivation Techniques The soil can be planted before soil freezing or after thawing in spring, but it is better to plant it in autumn. It is suitable to build gardens with loam or sandy loam where water is poured, and ridges can be cultivated on thin hills. The row spacing is generally 1. Cm×2. Cm, indifferently 0.8m × 1.8m or 1. Cm × 1.8m, watered after planting. Yi Qi Shi basal fertilizer, full of decomposed farmyard fertilizer for every 666.7 1000 1000 1500 1500kg, plus 50kg of urea and phosphate fertilizer, mix well in the plant side 40era outside the ditch application, ditch depth and width are 30cm. Post-emergence, early flowering and fruit-setting were followed by top-dressing. Nitrogen was the main fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium were used in the later stage. Blackberry is not as resistant as it is wet, and the rainy season is squeezing out in time. Generally after the budding, flowering and fruit setting and fruit expansion, freezing before combined with watering. Cultivation of blackberries requires scaffolding and trimming. In the year of colonization, the newly planted seedlings were easy to bend when they were as long as 50 cm, they should be erected in time for binding, and the new shoots should be picked up to increase the amount of branches. In the spring of the second year, the overwintering shoots are short and the middle and upper shoots of the shoots are of good quality. They are the main parts of the results and should be kept in reserve; the stout stickers should stay long and the weak stay short. Combine summer shearing after flowering and select the next year's fruiting branch. Select the principle based on the principle of weakening and retaining strength. The amount of branching is usually 1 to 9 meters long. After the fruit is harvested, cut the fruity branches close to the ground. In the 3rd year, the BlackBerry enters the full fruit period. In addition to pruning, the pruning method according to the 2nd year is performed, and when the shoot length is about 50cm from May to June of each year, the roots and necks of the shoots will be picked and promoted. Grow. When the collateral length was 80 cm, the heart was picked again to promote flower bud differentiation of the resulting shoots. During winter cutting, thin, dense, and dry branches were removed, and the remaining branches were all cut short. The length of clipping was 1.4 to 1.5 meters, and 6 to 8 branches were left per plant. Blackberry is a juicy berry, which is not resistant to storage and transportation. After maturity, it should be harvested in batches. Generally, it should be harvested once every 1-2 days. It should be harvested in the early morning and not collected in rainy days. After 6 years of observation, the blackberry grows well in Mengyin and has high yield, and the yield is higher than that in Nanjing and other cultivation areas. Moderate development prospects are promising.

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. One of the organ systems of the human body that is most necessary to life, and whose optimum functioning is most worried about by humankind in general, is the brain.


The brain suffers from many different disorders that can be classified into three broad groupings: traumatic events (stroke, traumatic brain injury, and global ischemia), degenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder).


Photobiomodulation
In biological systems, there are various instances of light-induced photochemical reactions. Light interacts with photosensitive cells in our retinas called photoreceptors to give us vision. A photochemical reaction happens when light is absorbed by these cells, transforming light energy into electrical impulses that are delivered to the brain's visual processing areas. Another photochemical event is the creation of vitamin D in our skin. When the ultraviolet B (UVB) wavelength of sunlight contacts our skin, it transforms 7-dehydrocholesterol, a naturally occurring type of cholesterol, to vitamin D3. The harmful consequences of a lack of light on the human body are widely documented. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and vitamin D deficiency, which causes rickets, are two instances.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the word for the mechanistic/scientific foundation of this photonic speciality, while photobiomodulation treatment (PBMT) is the term for its therapeutic application. The initial version of PBMT was created in the 1960s. The early years of this nascent photonic application were marred by a slew of issues, including a lack of consistency in nomenclature. Biostimulation, Cold/Cool Laser, Low Level Laser Therapy, Soft Laser, and Low Power Laser Therapy were among the terminology introduced. PBM and PBMT are currently the terminology of choice, according to recent agreement in the profession.


PBMT was added to the National Library of Medicine MeSH database in 2015 as an entry term to the existing record of laser treatment, low-level, owing to Dr. Praveen Arany's work. In conclusion, PBM and PBMT are precise and explicit terminology for this crucial and effective therapeutic use of light.

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