1. Selection of breeds Dairy cow breeds and the merits of individuals determine the amount of milk produced throughout their lives. The majority of cows raised in dairy farms in China are Holstein black-and-white dairy cows. This breed is superior to other dairy cow breeds. With high milk production and stable production performance, it is the target of choice for farmers. 2. Dairy management Dairy cows have certain rules for milk production. Generally, milk production increases rapidly from 15 to 20 days after production, and reaches about 2 months (high-yielding cattle to about 3 months) to peak milk production, 4 months. After that, it dropped significantly, quickly declined after 7 months, and basically stopped until the end of 10 months. Understand this rule to facilitate scientific and rational breeding, so as to maximize the milk production potential of dairy cows. From the first 2 weeks of production, 1.8 kg per day is given to the cows, and then 0.5 kg per day is increased until 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg per 100 kg of body weight. For example, a cow weighing 500 kg will eat 6 to 9 kg. After the peak, supply fine material according to the amount of milk produced, such as a daily output of 18 kg of milk, and a weight of 600 kg of dairy rations: 3 kg of hay, 25 kg of silage corn stalk, 4 kg of corn, 2 kg of bran, 0.6 kg of soybean cake, cotton 1.0 kg of cake, 0.58 kg of fishmeal, 60 g of Beiliang powder, and 50 grams of salt. During the entire lactation period, the feed should be relatively stable. Feed it three times a day, mix it with the dry stem, and feed it in order. 3. Correct breast massage and milking method 1 Scrub the breasts: Before the milking, use 45°C～50°C warm water to moisten the towels. Wash the nipples and pores first. Then wash the middle ditch, the left breast area, and the right side of the breasts. The breast area and the back of the breast are then screwed on a towel and the entire breast is wiped dry from top to bottom. 2 massage the breasts: Each time the milk is fully massaged, so that all milk in the breast bubble into the cream and be squeezed. About 1 minute per massage, the performance of breast expansion. Nucleus of the milk nerves, milking can be symbolized when there is a row of milk. 3 Milking method: Milking personnel should sit on the back 1/3 of the right side of the bovine body, hold the base of the nipple with the thumb and forefinger, then squeeze the nipples with the other fingers in sequence, tightly rhythmically through the left and right hands. A pine continuous. The milking force should be even and the operation should be skillful. The milking speed should be 80 to 120 beats per minute. After the two nipples are squeezed first, squeeze to a certain extent, squeeze the first two nipples, then squeeze them, and squeeze them until Squeeze. Milking can be arranged 3 times a day, about 5 hours apart. 4. Dry milk-holding tube work 1 Dry milk time: Usually at the end of 10 months of milk production, dry milk period is suitable for 45-60 days. 2 dry milk method: reduce the number of milking method is changed from 3 times a day to 1 day 2 times, and then to 1 day crowded 1 times, squeezed 1 time every other day, and finally stop milking, generally 4 to 7 days to dry Milk; The fast dry milk method is to clean the milk at the last milking. Each nipple is filled with 10 ml of dried milk ointment so that the milk can be quickly absorbed and the mastitis can be prevented. 3 Feeding during the dry period: Observe the digestive status of the cow and the state of the breast 3 to 4 days after the dry milk. If there is no abnormality, the feed can be transferred to the normal standard in a few days, but the concentrate and succulent are added. It should not be too fast. It should be carried out gradually. During the dry milk, the ratio of coarse concentrate to raw material is 8:2 or 7:3. Pay attention to calcium and phosphorus supplements and inorganic salts. 5. Routine management work 1 Reasonable and orderly work schedule: Feeding should be performed regularly and quantitatively, first coarsely and then finely, and less frequently. The milking personnel are fixed, the milking frequency is fixed, and the milking sequence is fixed. The work schedule can be carried out in an orderly manner, such as brushing cattle body, feeding, massaging the breasts, milking, pulling to the playground, and cleaning. 2 Strict management of water and materials: Keep clean water in summer, drink 12°C～16°C warm water in winter. The winter feed supply is 20% higher than the nutrient standard, so as to increase the cattle's ability to resist cold and not to feed mold, mud, ice slag, and pesticides. 3 Pick a good shelter for the cowshed. The suitable ambient temperature for cattle is 8°C to 16°C. In summer, cows should be installed with electric fans, showering cattle, opening doors and windows, and speeding up air circulation. The winter temperature should be maintained above 4°C, and prevent draughts, thief winds entering the cowshed.
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