The degree of fruit coloration is closely related to sugar content. Any factor that can increase the sugar content of fruit can promote fruit coloration. The main measures to promote the red fruit of apple fruit are several aspects:
First, choose a good variety and rootstock
The current good varieties include Marshal, Red Fuji and other new red varieties of red star, Hong Jonagold, Red Fuji and so on.
Second, improve lighting conditions
1, pruning. Illumination is closely related to the formation of anthocyanins. To ensure adequate illumination of fruit trees and crowns, in addition to selecting small crown-shaped trees for light transmission, pruning should be carried out with a minimum number of cuts, excessive control of branches, and pruning of the growing season. Do a good job in April and May to wipe buds, in addition to sprouting, tipping in June, thinning in September and other measures, so that the foliage is not dense shade.
2, pick leaves and fruit. In the fruit coloring period, direct light has a greater impact on the red development of the fruit, and it is a critical period for picking leaves. After the bag is removed, the measures for picking the leaves are taken. The shaded leaves that are close to the fruit are removed first, including the yellowish, thin, lobular leaves, the red leaves after the picking of the petioles and the autumnal shoots in the growth.
3, shop reflective film. After mid-September, a silver reflective film is laid on the ground under the canopy, which allows the canopy and lower parts of the canopy, especially the part of the fruit, to be fully colored. According to the survey, the percentage of redness of red Fuji varieties with reflective film plus leaf pick-to-fruit red color was 88.5%, and the coloring index was 95.6%, which was 45% higher than that of bagging only, and the fruit coloring index increased by 12.6%.
Third, the application of foliar fertilizer and growth regulators
From May to July, 2116 fruit trees were sprayed on the tree for 2 times, which can supplement the trace elements and control the growth of the trees and increase the lighting of the fruit trees. Spray 600 times CA2000 to prevent the occurrence of pox spot and promote the improvement of the internal quality of the fruit. CA2000 and Tianda 2116 can not be used together, otherwise it will affect the efficacy.
Fruits special-purpose type 2116 fruit trees were sprayed 40 days and 20 days before harvest. Red Fuji apple coloring can be advanced l2-17 days, coloring index increased by 24.2%, and sugar content increased by 0.9% to 1.6%. Single shot rare earth effect is good. Ethephon can also be sprayed with 750--1000 times solution, and sodium naphthalene acetate 20-40ppm added in ethephon solution, which can increase color and prevent fruit drop, but can only spray strong trees, while the fruit surface full medicine. The above foliar fertilizers and growth regulators have better spraying effects in the evening, which can reduce the night temperature of the tree and contribute to the accumulation of sugar.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management
1, a reasonable fertilization. According to experiments, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to apple trees will cause poor coloration of fruits and reduce sugar content. This situation is particularly evident in the lack of phosphorus, potash, water, and red varieties. Therefore, to control the use of nitrogen fertilizer in orchards with higher water and fertilizer conditions, Wangshu can use less or no fertilizer. Nitrogen control also pay attention to master nitrogen application period. It is generally believed that nitrogen application at the early growth stage in spring and summer has little or no effect on the coloration and quality of fruit, but it will affect the coloring before the fruit coloring stage until harvesting. According to the test of Laiyang Agricultural College in Shandong, in the end of May, nitrogen fertilizer (1 kg per urea) was used, and the colored surface of the fruit reached 97% in 1/2 or more, 65% in late June, and 35% in late July. It was only 29% when applied in late August. Therefore, in order to produce apples with full red fruits, orchards with high soil and water, available nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in the early stage of growth or after harvesting.
2, reasonable water supply. Excessive rainwater often causes new shoots to prosper and consumes a large amount of photosynthetic products, which is unfavorable for sugar and coloration of fruits. The soil drought is more colored than the soil moisture. If the drought is supplemented with irrigation, it can promote fruit coloring. Therefore, after September, the amount of irrigation should be controlled, and sprinkler irrigation and infiltration should be performed several times in small quantities, which can not only avoid serious cracking but also increase fruit coloring.
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