Layer Hen Design and Chicken Equipment and Supplies
1. Types of houses The houses are basically divided into two types: open houses (ordinary houses) and closed houses.
(1) Open chicken houses: The most common forms are windowed chicken houses with walls on each side, large windows on the south wall, and small windows on the north wall. There may or may not be a playground on the south side. All or most of these houses are naturally ventilated and naturally lit, and the temperature and humidity in the house are basically changed with the seasons. Due to the limited natural ventilation and illumination, ventilation and lighting equipment are often added to the houses in production management towels to supplement the lack of ventilation and light under natural conditions.
(2) closed chicken house: also known as windowless chicken house. The roof and the four walls of the house are well insulated; there are no windows on all sides, and the home environment is regulated by manual or instrument control. Artificial ventilation and light are used in the house to control the temperature, humidity and air content in the house by changing the amount of ventilation.
(1) Foundation and ground: The foundation should be deep and strong. Ground requirements are higher than the outside, moisture, and flat, easy to clean and disinfect.
(2) Walls: The heat insulation is good, and it can defend against external wind and rain. Bricks or stones are used to make bricks. The outside of the wall is plastered with cement. The inner surface of the wall is covered with cement or white ash so as to prevent moisture and facilitate flushing.
(3) Roof: In addition to the monolithic roof for the small chicken house with a small span, the double slope type is generally used.
(4) Doors and Windows: The gates are generally located in the south of the South Chicken House. The size of the door is generally 2 meters high and 1 meter wide. The two doors are 2 meters high and 1.6 meters wide.
The windows of the open chicken house should be set on the front and rear walls. The front window should be wide and low from the ground to facilitate lighting. The ratio of window to floor area is 1:10 to 1:8. The rear window should be small, about 2/3 of the area of ​​the front window, and higher from the ground to facilitate ventilation in summer. There are no windows in the closed house, only emergency windows and ventilation in and out of the air holes.
(5) House span, length and height: The span of the house depends on the form of the roof of the house, the type of house and the way of feeding. The general span is: Open chicken house 6 to 10 meters, closed chicken house 12 to 15 meters.
The length of the house is generally determined by the span of the house and the degree of mechanization of management. A chicken house spanning 6 to 10 meters has a length of 30 to 60 meters; a chicken house having a large span, such as 12 meters, has a length of 70 to 80 meters. A higher degree of mechanization of the chicken house can be longer, but generally should not exceed 100 meters, otherwise the production and installation of mechanical equipment is more difficult, the material is not easy to solve.
The height of the house should be based on feeding methods, decontamination methods, spans and climatic conditions. In areas where the span is small, dry and not too hot, the chicken house does not need to be too tall. Generally, the height of the housing estate is 2.0 to 2.5 meters. The span is large and it is a multi-layer cage. The height of the house is about 3 meters. Or the uppermost chicken cage is suitable for l ~ 1.5 meters from the roof; if it is a high-bed closed chicken house, the height is generally 4.5 ~ 5 meters (1.8 ~ 2 meters higher than the average house) because of the lower pit.
(6) Operation room and walkway: The operation room is where the breeder operates and stores tools. If the length of the house is not more than 40 meters, the operation room can be set at one end of the house. If the length of the house is more than 40 meters, it should be set in the middle of the house.
The position of the aisle depends on the span of the chicken house. When the flat chicken house spans relatively small, the aisle is generally set on one side of the henhouse and has a width of 1 to 1.2 meters. When the span is more than 9 meters, the walkway is set at the middle, and the width is 1.5~ 1.8 meters, easy to use car feeding. No matter how large the span of the chicken house is, the caged chicken house may be arranged according to the arrangement of the chicken cages. The walkway between the chicken cages is O.8 to 1.0 meter.
(7) Sports ground: When the open chicken house is raised on the ground, there are usually playgrounds. The length of the playground and the shed is about 2 times the width of the house.
(1) Chicken cages: cage raising brooding, generally using 3 to 4 layers of overlapping cages. The total height of the cage is about 1.7 meters, and the height of the cage is 10 to 15 centimeters. Each single cage has a length of 70 to 100 centimeters, a cage height of 30 to 40 centimeters, and a cage depth of 40 to 50 centimeters. The mesh is generally rectangular or square, the bottom mesh has an aperture of 1.25 cm and 1.25 cm, and the side and top meshes have an aperture of 2.5×2.5 cm. The cage door is located at the front, and the clearance of the cage door can be adjusted from 2 to 3 cm. Each cage can accommodate about 30 chicks.
(2) Breeding cages: The combination type uses three-layer overlap type, with an overall width of 1.6-1.7 meters and a height of 1.7-1.8 meters. The single cage is 80 cm long, 40 cm high and 42 cm deep. Cage bottom mesh 4 cm 2 cm, the remaining mesh are 2.5 cm 2.5 cm. The size of the cage door is 14 centimeters and 15 centimeters. Each single cage can accommodate 7 to 15 chickens.
(3) Egg-laying cages: The combination forms are usually ladder-like, semi-stepped and overlapping, each with a length of 40 cm, a depth of 45 cm, an anterior height of 45 cm, a rear height of 38 cm, and a cage bottom slope of 6- 8. The set of egg troughs outside the cage is 12-16 cm. The front of the cage is open, 21 to 24 centimeters wide, 40 centimeters high, and the bottom margin is about 4.5 centimeters away from the bottom net. Cage bottom mesh spacing 2.2 centimeters, weft spacing 6 centimeters. The aperture range of the top, side, and back nets varies greatly. Generally, the mesh spacing is 10 to 20 cm and the weft spacing is 2.5 to 3 cm. Each single cage can raise 3 to 4 chickens.
2. Feeding equipment includes feeding machinery and food troughs. The feeding system for large chicken farms is mechanized and the feeding machines are equipped with food troughs.
(1) Chain feeder: It is the most commonly used feeder in China's feeding machinery, and it can be used for flat raising and cage raising. It is made up of bins, chains, drives, corner wheels, long food troughs, and some also contain feed cleaners.
(2) Plug feeder: It is designed for dry hen house and is suitable for conveying dry powder full price feed. 9WS--35 plug feeder is composed of transmission, material box, conveying parts, food trough, corner, bracket and other components.
(3) Food trough: common long trough and bucket type circular trough.
(1) Trough-type drinking fountains: The depth is 50-60 mm, and the upper mouth is 50 mm wide. There are "V" shaped and "U" shaped sinks. The troughs in the flat-raised hen house are generally 3 to 5 meters long. The length of the flume occupied by each chicken is generally 1 to 1.6 centimeters and 3.6 centimeters.
(2) tower-shaped vacuum water fountain; consists of two parts of the drum and the water tray, can be made of galvanized iron sheet and plastic. This drinking device is suitable for raising chickens.
(3) Nipple drinker: Made of steel or stainless steel, it is composed of threaded steel (copper) tube and thimble switch valve. It can be directly installed on the water pipe. Gravity and capillary action are used to control water droplets, making the thimble end often Hang a drop of water. When the chicken needs water, the thimble is touched and the water flows out; after the drink is finished, the thimble valve seals the waterway again and no longer flows out. There are two types of nipple drinkers, chicks and chickens. Each drinker can supply 10 to 20 chicks or 3 to 5 chickens. Nipple drinkers can be used for flat raising and cage raising.
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