First, what is Hickory ulcer disease?
Hickory canker disease is also known as black scorpion, black water disease, ink disease, dry rot, which mainly damages the trunk and main branches of hickory trees.
Saplings were infected and yellowish-brown water-stained lesions were found to be round or irregular in shape at the initial stage. Since the diseased cells expanded longitudinally more rapidly than laterally, the lesions were mostly fusiform or oblong.
As the disease progresses, the bark protrudes slightly, and the liquid with foam can be drained by hand, which has the smell of distiller's grains; the center of the latter lesion is irregularly cracked, and black water flows from the cracked area. In the latter part of the disease, the submerged pits were lost, the bark cracked longitudinally, and the bark turned black and rotted.
On average, the diseased plants range from a few to several lesions, with as many as several dozen lesions. Severe lesions can reach hundreds of lesions. When the lesions surround the shoots for one week, the leaves above the sickness can cause wilting, yellowing, and stubborn branches. When the lesions surround the trunk for a week, it can cause the whole plant to die.
Second, how did hickory ulcer disease occur?
Hickory canker must have the following three conditions at the same time: (1) pathogens in the environment; (2) environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity are conducive to disease; (3) wounds that can be invaded in hickory trees.
After hickory prices rose, people began to fertilize hickory nuts. However, due to the lack of knowledge of the nutrient rule of hickory, the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage is still dominated by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, which results in the lack of trace elements, malnutrition, weak constitution, imperfect cell walls, and unstable cell membranes. The conidiospores of the pathogenic bacteria are transmitted through wind and rain or insects, and are attacked from the wounds, cracks, and lenticels of the bark.
Third, why hickory canker disease is difficult to control?
First, due to imbalance of nutrients in pecans, more pores such as wounds, cracks, and lenticels of bark can be invaded;
Second, due to the unbalanced nutrition of hickory, there are few antibodies in the tree body, and once the pathogenic bacteria invade, the disease can occur;
Third, in the early stage of hickory infection, the symptoms are hidden in the phloem, and it is not easy to see; when the symptoms are seen, the subcutaneous disease has expanded to more than 20-30 cm, which will delay the prevention and treatment period;
Fourth, when the bark of the hickory is hard and thick, it is difficult to infiltrate the drug when it is applied to the epidermis of the tree, which increases the difficulty of prevention and treatment.
Fourth, the correct prevention and treatment of pecan ulcer disease
Through continuous exploration and research, we have begun to improve the immune system, block the entrance of infestation, and induce the production of disease-resistant substances. This has not only achieved certain results in the prevention and control of hickory canker disease, but also You can preserve and preserve fruits, increase the yield and quality of hickory, and avoid years of age.
(A) increase the tree potential
1. Increase potassium fertilizer, medium and small fertilizers, calcium-containing fertilizers, and organic fertilizers to increase tree vigor and increase resistance to disease. This is very important! Because the growth and development of hickory trees requires three elements besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the demand for micronutrients is also very urgent. If there is a lack of micronutrients, it will inevitably cause nutrient imbalance and physical weakness of hickory, and the cell wall and cell membrane are not strong enough, stable, and the immunity is reduced.
It is recommended to use the "Saerfa BB fertilizer" produced by Anhui Huanghe Agricultural Science and Technology Development Company. Because the ratio of fertilizer N, P and K is basically in line with the nutrient requirements of Hickory, and 20% of trace element fertilizer is included, the total amount of nutrients can be as many as 12 kinds, not only can prevent Hickory canker disease, but also The high yield of hickory is of great significance.
Pay attention to the prevention of wounds, reduce the chance of pathogen infestation, and reduce the chance of pathogen infestation. When picking fruit or pruning for other agricultural operations, we should pay attention to minimize wounds; use lime to dry it in winter, and apply lime to caress in forest land. And governance of Hickory canker ulcers, flower buds, anthrax.
(B) complement micro, bactericidal, induced antibodies
1, disease treatment
In the early winter or early spring, the lesions are completely scraped off and then painted with the “ulcer net†prepared by our experts; when the lesions are few, the lesions can be scraped off in early spring and in the growth phase, and then painted with “ulcer netâ€. Small lesions can be multiplied by a few horizontal lines at the lesions, and then “ulcer net†is sprayed on all trunks under 2 meters; two months later, after the hidden lesions are exposed, they are broken with a cutter. Spot, spray again. Continuous treatment 2 to 3 times, can basically cure ulcer disease.
2. Leaf and trunk treatment
Disease prevention prescription: From April to May, it is the period of spore release of the ulcer disease. It is best to spray the whole tree (including the trunk).
Per 100 kg of water, add "Bi Youti" 500 ~ 800g + brown sugar 500g + urea 200g + dishwashing liquid 100g + vaccine 10g (Anhui Huanghe Agricultural Science and Technology Development Company developed, to use alcohol to dissolve) + copper Fungicides (such as copper sulphate, can kill 100 grams, or 200 milliliters of ammonia copper), it is best to spray the entire tree (including trunk) 2 to 3 times.
Prescription for pest control: After flowering, it is necessary to combine prevention and control of aphids (oil seeds), flower buds, and spray supplements of trace elements. Each 100 kg of water is added with "Bi Youti" 500-800 g + brown sugar 500 g + urea 200 g + dishwashing liquid 100 Gram+ plant insecticide “antibiotic†(or alternately using matrine, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, chlortetracycline, imidacloprid, mobiran, abamectin and other biopesticides), Every 7 to 10 days with 2 to 3 times.
Note: In the flowering season, the amount of pesticide should be appropriately reduced to avoid the high concentration of pesticides affecting fruit set.
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