With the development of China's aquaculture industry, the problems arising from the aquaculture industry, such as the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment, have become more and more serious and the disease has become more and more serious, which has increased the risk of the aquaculture industry and reduced the benefits.
Therefore, the introduction of new varieties, exploration of various ecological aquaculture technology models, and the expansion of aquaculture efficiency are the aspirations of the vast aquaculture industry. In 2009, the Science and Technology Bureau of the Beihai Municipal Government issued a research and demonstration of the ecological and mixed culture techniques of the Golden Pelican and South American White Shrimp to the Beihai Gold Coast Fisheries Research Institute. After hard work, the project got a relatively good harvest and achieved remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
I. Project Research Materials and Methods
1, site layout and conditions
The Beihai Haicheng District Gold Coast Fisheries Research Institute has a special water channel for drainage and drainage in the Qingshantou Seawater Breeding Base in the Tieshangang District of the Beihai Sea. Gold Coast Fisheries Research Institute has a total area of ​​160 acres of farm culture, and has established 14 high-standard breeding ponds with an area of ​​10 mu per pond. Its power supply, water supply, roads, pumping, drainage and other facilities are complete and equipped with an aerator. Automatic feeders, water analyzers and other equipment are among the more advanced seawater breeding bases in the North Sea. This project uses eight breeding ponds and acreage of 80 mu.
(1) Intake and drainage systems
Using the natural fall of sea tide, from the sea tide and seawater entering the inflow canal, all ponds do not need power to enter the water, and they are automatically fed into the water. The drainage ditch is located around the pond, and the water depth of the pond may be adjusted at any time according to the need, or the water quality may be reasonably adjusted according to the change of water quality to ensure that the cultured water meets the aquaculture requirements.
(2) Stereoscopic aeration facility
Eight aerators were installed in each pond, four of which were impeller-type aerators (distributed in the four corners of the pond), which could drive the rotation of the entire pond water body and increase the dissolved oxygen distribution in the water; the other four were jet aeration. The machine, evenly distributed in the middle of the pond, can drive the exchange of upper and lower layers of the pond water, ensuring that the upper layer of high-concentration dissolved oxygen can be exchanged from the top down, increasing the oxygen at the bottom of the pond.
(3) Anti-escape nets
As Jinxi prefers to drink floating water, in order to ensure that the feeds fed are not wasted (in addition to training feeds at fixed-point feeds), feed-fighting nets are also set up in the feeding areas to ensure that feeds fed will not be evaded. So as not to waste.
Second, the technical measures taken to implement the project
According to the technical principle and technical route, this project adopts the following technical management measures:
1, Qingchi disinfection
Qingchi first ensures that all crustaceans in the pond are completely removed (they are important sources of viruses), and large numbers of fish parasites may also be lurking; the organic matter in the ponds is cleared as much as possible, and they consume a lot of oxygen and endanger the culture. The organic matter also adsorbs harmful germs; ensure that there is a possible presence of trash in the pond.
Use a gutta-percha or trichlorfon to spray on the whole pond to remove all crustaceans or parasites; clean the dirt and put in a small amount of water, add the appropriate amount of quicklime, and after a week of exposure, fill the water to an appropriate level. Sprinkle the tea cake, remove the miscellaneous fish, and then disinfect again after 3 days with Yikanglu disinfectant. At this point, you can enter the culture stage.
2, cultivate natural dip material
Before entering the seedlings, prepare to cultivate natural dip materials. A level of pond food and water culture: water depth to reach about 120cm, and then apply fertilizer to cultivate water color. Fertilizer: Gold Coast Bio-pharmaceutical Water King 2 kg/mu, ATP bacteria 0.5 kg/mu, mixed water fermentation overnight, cast the next morning, according to this method, cast once every other day, even for two times, Produces yellow-brown or tender green water, and a large number of zooplankton. After the natural food has been cultivated, in order to maintain a rich diet for a long time, top dressing is performed according to the transparency of the water, and the transparency is maintained at about 40 cm.
3, into the seedling cultivation
One of the important measures for the ecological-mixed culture technology of the golden pheasant and the white shrimp of South America is the selection of the seedling timing. Vicious fish with aggressive gold taste, when mixed with white prawns in South America, must choose the time between the fry and shrimp seedlings. If the fry is too large and the shrimp is too small, it may be that the fish are all feeding on young shrimp.
Purchasing shrimp seedlings from April 28 to May 5, specifications about 0.8cm, directly after entering the pond divided into ponds, shrimp into the pond after the use of high-quality feed to strengthen the rough. At the same time, the practice of changing feed size during the course of roughing of shrimp seedlings was generally changed. After shrimps were introduced into the pond, they were fed five times a day, while ensuring sufficient quality. After fifteen days of incubation, the vast majority of shrimps reached a size of about 34 centimeters. These shrimps are active and have a good physical condition. They have been able to actively avoid fish hunting. May 13 to 18 purchase fry, specifications about 23 cm. After entering the field, the fish fry are directly distributed into the pond for fish and shrimp mixed culture.
Practice has proved that, after staggering cultivation at suitable times, first cultivating vulnerable shrimp seedlings, letting them grow to a certain size, and then putting on fry, it is possible to avoid the killing of farmed fish and shrimp.
The investment seedlings cultivation time is as follows: From April 28 to May 5, 2009, a total of 3.6 million T.mairei penaeus seedlings were placed, with an average stocking density of 45,000 tails/mu; from May 13 to May 18, 2009 A total of 104,000 gold seedlings were released and the stocking density was 1300 tails/mu.
4, feeding management
(1) Determine the principle of fixed-point feeding. Since the feed is a dry floating material, a position is delineated in the pond first, and feed is prevented from escaping the net to prevent feed spillage and waste. In the area of ​​anti-flood nets, fish training and feeding were conducted. After half a month of training, fish could feed at a fixed place in a fixed time.
(2) Feeding insists on the principle of “small meals, regular mealsâ€. During the breeding period, they were fed 4 times a day (6:30, 10:30, 18:00, and 22:30 accounted for 20%, 15%, 40%, and 25% of daily feed respectively). Breeding time is generally two months, two months later, feeding three times a day.
(3) During the breeding period, the fed feed is mixed with floating fish feed and submerged shrimp feed. After the breeding period is over, the feed water is mainly fed with floating fish.
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