Xu Bin
(Jiangyan Fisheries Research Group Tongzhou, Jiangsu Province 226374)
1 The season of beading season is the best season for performing surgery from spring to summer from March to May or fall from September to October.
2 Surgical options
2.1 The selection of a small piece of oysters requires that the shell be completely intact, that the shell be closed quickly, that the water spray be strong, and that the nacre inside the shell be beautiful in color.
2.2 The selection of inserts requires a healthy, disease-free and wound-free body, sparse growth lines on the shell surface, and complete mantle. The ratio of tablets to tablets is 2:3.
3 Preoperative preparation
3.1 Prepare surgical tools and water for disinfection. The surgical tools must be cooked in high temperature and thoroughly sterilized. Prepare cold boiled water as clean water. Prepare gentian violet, chlortetracycline and other disinfectants.
3.2. Inserting the fistula Before the operation, select the surgical fistula from the holding pool, wash the shell, and then insert the abdominal edge of the insert into the sink or basin neatly and then add water to it. The ventral edge of the gills is slightly exposed to the surface of the water. After the gills are opened, when the clam shell is opened naturally, a 1 cm thick opening plug can be inserted to reduce the mechanical damage during the operation. Rows of oysters in the basin, every other
1 to 2 hours should change the water once to prevent its lack of oxygen.
4 Points to note during surgery
4.1 Preparation of Small Pieces During the production process, it is necessary to prevent direct sunlight. The movement should be detailed, light and skillful so as to avoid drying and death of small pieces due to long operation time. The entire small piece preparation process consists of five steps: opening the shell, cutting off the color line, peeling the inner and outer skins (also called “strippingâ€), clipping the outer skin and shaping, and slicing. Now we will describe the easy careless points in each step. . When opening the shell, do not touch the edge of the mantle membrane. Be careful to wash away dirt from the visceral masses and mantle. When removing the color line, do not leave it. Otherwise, bone or bead will form. When the membrane is peeled, Can not damage the outer epidermis When cutting the outer skin, cut the outer epidermis into disinfecting solution for 1 minute, flatten it on a small piece of plate, and finally gently wipe the mucus and dirt on the outer surface of the epidermis; cut well 4 - After 6 mm square pieces, do not forget to add cold water or nutrients, hormones, antibiotics, etc. to keep the tablets moist and enhance the vitality and antibacterial activity of the tablets.
4.2 The small piece is inserted into the open shell of the insert and gently opened with the opener between the two shells of the insert. Be careful not to damage the adductor muscles. When inserting the slice, use a reel to transfer the iliac crest, visceral mass, axe foot, etc. to the side that is not to be operated at the moment. With sterile water, the dirt and mucus on the side of the operation will be performed. All wash away.
From the time of production to insertion, the time must not exceed 15 minutes. Immediately after the operation, the cultured larvae should be carefully reared in a nursery pond, and must not be allowed to stay overnight in a basin or a small tank to avoid death due to lack of oxygen.
5 Feeding and management of post-operation
5.1 Regular inspections of Yuzhuyu after surgery are carried out. The physical condition is weak and the dehydration is serious. It takes a month or so to recuperate.
Only after the wound has healed can normal physiological activities be restored. In the first month after the breeding of pearls, special inspections should be stepped up. Check 2 or 3 times a week and find out if there is any phenomenon of dislodging or death. Remove the film in time to patch, dead in time removal. It is necessary to regularly check if the hanger is collapsed, if the cage is broken, if the hanging line is broken, if the floor is bottomed and the pool's water content, predators, and rickets are detected.
5.2 Water quality regulation When the cultured pearls have just entered the pool, in order to prevent wound infections and promote early wound healing, it is not appropriate to apply fertilizer during this period of time. Fresh water quality should be maintained, and new water should be added frequently to increase dissolved oxygen.
With the gradual restoration of its constitution, the amount of fertilizer can be gradually increased. In the spring and autumn season, the decomposed human or animal manure or green manure was applied to the Quanchiposa. The fertilizing amount is flexibly controlled according to the weather, water color, and water quality. The transparency of the pool water is required to be about 30 cm. When the water is too dark, the transparency is less than 30 cm, new water should be injected at regular intervals, and the transparency is adjusted to about 30 cm to make the water yellow. Green or dark brown, in the summer hot season, fertilization is mainly inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen and phosphorus ratio of 2:1, each application of 1.5 kg per acre, and increase the frequency of flushing, reduce water temperature and increase dissolved oxygen. In the winter, a small amount of organic fertilizer can be applied to keep the fertilizer and water overwinter. When winter freezes the river surface, it is necessary to insist on ice-breaking so as to prevent suffocation.
In order to adjust the pH value of the pool water and prevent the occurrence of rickets, lime water shall be splashed once every half a month, and 15-20 kg of lime shall be used per acre. 5.3 Water layer adjustment Summer and winter should be adjusted to the water surface of 40-50cm, shallow spring and autumn should be shallow, the top one of the water from the surface 15 ~ 20cm. In order to prevent the lack of oxygen in the bottom of the pool or when the water level drops, the bottom of the string can be lifted and hung on the cross bar, so that the hanging string is “U†shaped. In order to enable the growth of the pearl in the best water layer. If the area of ​​the water body is large, the number of truss cranes can be reduced. It is advisable to hoist 2-4 ropes with one rope.
5.4 Remove Adhesives Regularly brush off any deposits on the clam shell. In April-October, once every 1 month, once in winter, and once in 2.3 months in winter, pay attention to the pollution of chemical fertilizers to pool water.
5.5 Disease Prevention (1) In the case of decrepitude, enteritis, hydromycosis, and other bacterial diseases, 2% chlortetracycline can be used for intramuscular injection of 1% each of the larvae. (2) Trichodins, ciliates, spraying with 3 ml syringes per 0.1 mg/1 trichlorfon, or 0.5 mg/l CuS04 solution. (3) Edema disease, soaking for 10 minutes with 0.1mg/L Chloride Drill and 25% nacre powder to supplement trace elements.