The Symphosodon discus is a species of oyster-shaped fish. Its elegant and elegant form and its colorful body color make it an aquarium boutique. Under the illumination of the light, the colorful angelfish swims leisurely in the aquarium and its body sparkles with mysterious and seductive colors. It is dreamlike and has the reputation of “king of tropical fishâ€.
The colorful angelfish is high in height, flat in side, short and small in the head, mouth in position, cracking in the mouth, and upper and lower jaws in length. The eyes are distributed on both sides of the head, and body height is similar to body length. The whole body is disc-shaped. The dorsal fin is long, extending from the back of the head to the tail shank, close to the caudal fin. The pair of pelvic fins are thin and long, with anal fins symmetrical to the dorsal fins, and they all have the same shape and length as dorsal fins. The fins are covered with red and cobalt blue stripes. Most colorful angelfish have various lengths, straight or curved stripes or red dots.
The origin of the colorful angelfish is the Amazon River, which lives in the middle and upper layers of still waters. It prefers clean and acidic soft water. It uses fish, worms and silkworms as bait. It is often hidden in the middle of large aquatic plants or coral groves. The temperament is gentle and timid. After the sexual maturity, the colorful angelfish have the habit of self-selection.
Many countries in the world treat the colorful angelfish as a treasure in ornamental fish. In China, the colorful angelfish has gradually been favored by a large number of ornamental fish lovers in recent years. However, due to its delicate nature, it is hard to keep and it has deterred most of the colorful angelfish lovers. The Huai'an Aquatic Science Research Institute has mastered the breeding techniques and disease prevention techniques of the colorful angelfish through several years of practice. It has now become the largest breeding base of the colorful angelfish in the province.
1 Breeding
1.1 The choice of broodstock
The first choice is to choose freely matched broodstock combinations. Sexually matured colorful angelfish will appear to be paired, and the adoring male and female colorful angelfish will be in close proximity to each other, occupying a certain area, and not allowing other similar species to approach. This group of fish can be used as a broodstock. You can also take artificial force pairing. According to the needs of people, male and female fish that are deemed suitable are brought together and live together for a period of time. If they can see each other and they are satisfied with each other, then the artificial match is successful. If males and females are not friendly, do not allow each other to approach each other, or even fight each other, then they must be paired again.
The age of the broodstock is preferably in the range of 14 to 16 months and at least 10 months. Body height, body length 10 ~ 15cm, bright color, round and full body shape, eyes bright and red. Apart from black eyes, the rest of the eye is red best.
The males and females of the colorful angelfish before sexual maturity are indistinguishable from each other. After sexual maturity, the forehead of the male is slightly higher, the tip of the dorsal fin protrudes upward (commonly known as the sharp dorsal fin), and the pelvic fins are narrow and long, while the female forehead is not high, and the dorsal fins are rounded at the end. Blunt, not prominent, pelvic fins are wider and shorter; male caudal fins in the same fish are larger than females; males are generally larger than females. The male's mouth is thicker than the female's mouth; the spawning period is shorter and sharper in the male, and the female's fallopian tube is thick and thick; the female is more aggressive than the male, and when stimulated or dangerous, the female The fish first rushed over and licked the enemy to protect the spouse and fry.
1.2 Broodstock breeding
1.2.1 Feed Production and Feeding
The feed of the colorful angelfish is also known as "Hamburg", with 40% of beef heart, 10% of beef, and 50% of shrimp, plus an appropriate amount of spinach or carrot. Cow heart beef to remove fat and tendons, spinach should be burned with boiling water, carrots to be steamed, and then the above materials were beaten with a beater, mix well was a paste, into a non-toxic plastic bag pressed into a pancake Frozen, "Hamburg" is made. Before each feeding, take it out of the refrigerator, thaw it slightly, remove the plastic bag, and cut it into small pieces. Feed three times a day, once each morning, evening, and evening. It is advisable to feed the fish in 30 minutes. The broodstock breeding process should not be fed too much and full. According to our experience, fish that grow thick and fat and thick is not necessarily a good broodstock. There are too many fats in the body, but spawning is not much. If the sexually mature broodstock is overweight, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the number of feedings, feed only once or twice a day, and reduce the content of bovine heart in “Hamburgerâ€, increase Artemia spp. and spirulina, and periodically add yeast to the diet. Tablets or multivitamins. The broodstock developed in this manner not only looks good in body shape, but also has strong fertility.
1.2.2 Water Quality Requirements
Propagation tank water injection 60kg. Breeding requires very high water quality. Once a certain water quality index fails to reach the standard, the entire breeding will be abandoned. We use tap water that has been filtered through activated carbon, resin, and biochemical cotton in sequence, and then undergo phosphoric acid regulation. The aeration is continued 24 hours a day, but the amount of aeration cannot be large. This weak acid soft water is most suitable for the reproduction of the colorful angelfish. Specific water quality requirements are: PH: 6.2 to 6.5, hardness 3 to 5 dGH, dissolved oxygen 8 mg/l, water temperature 28°C. After feeding each time, the bait and feces should be removed in time. Change the water once a day, change the water every time by 1/4, then the water added into the tank is still clean and weak acidic soft water. The quality of water used for reproduction must be very stable, and there must not be much change or difference.
1.3 breeding equipment
The broodstock breeding cylinder is 45cm45cm40cm in size and 10-12mm in thickness. The glass jar is placed on a brazed-welded stand. The bracket is three layers. The upper and lower glass cylinders are used for water treatment. The middle cylinder is a broodstock breeding cylinder. The entire water flow system can be circulated, and the water intake and drainage of a single cylinder can also be used independently. The drainage hole of the breeding cylinder is in the middle of the bottom of the cylinder. Insert the same PVC pipe with the hole diameter (usually 2 to 3 cm in inner diameter) on the drainage hole. The length of the pipe is slightly lower than the surface of the water. A larger diameter (generally PVC pipe with inner diameter of 5 to 6cm). This thick tube is where the female lays eggs and fertilizes eggs. The tank is equipped with a special biochemical cotton filter for angelfish to stabilize water quality and increase oxygen. According to circumstances, the cylinder can be equipped with an automatic temperature control heater.
1.4 Spawning and hatching
1.4.1 Spawning The colorful angelfish spawn several times a year. When both males and females are close to the oviposition tube and the oviposition tube is continuously used to clear the spawning site, the females are about to lay eggs. Spawning time is usually dusk or night. The eggs are evenly distributed on the upper part of the oviposition tube. Spawning capacity is as small as tens of grains, and as many as 300 to 400 grains, each time. The spawning of females into the oviduct is performed in a row from the bottom to the top. Every time a female raises an egg, it is released. The male fish immediately ejaculates, and then the female fish begins to spawn again. This is repeated until the female has spawned. The entire spawning and fertilization process is completed within 30 minutes. Here, if the female becomes unresponsive after spawning, the female will drive the male and let it fertilize. The fertilized eggs are pale yellow, shiny, and sticky. Good broodstock can spawn once every 15 to 20 days, produce eggs three times within two months, and then have another interval. According to the breeder's feeding level and daily management level, the length of the interval is different. Normal one month or so can restore spawning.
1.4.2 Incubation
There are two kinds of natural hatching and artificial hatching.
(1) Natural hatching. Under normal circumstances, broodstock natural hatching is generally used. After the broodstock spawns, the male guards the fertilized eggs and constantly breathes out his or her mouth against the fertilized eggs to increase oxygen in the fertilized eggs. The fertilized eggs appeared after 24 hours of eye spot and the film appeared after 60 hours. At this time the larvae are still on the oviposition tube and it takes about 24 hours to enter the water and start swimming. After 72 hours, after the yolk sac of the larvae is absorbed, it will adhere to the male and female fish, hold the broodstock body with the mouth, move around the body of the broodstock, and soak up the nutrients secreted by the body surface of the broodstock. In another week, the larvae can completely leave the broodstock. At this point, you can use the nauplii of the nauplii to try to feed the larvae. If the larvae eat it, then another 1 to 2 days (at which time you still have to feed the young larvae of Innogeny, 1 or 2 times a day), you can Larvae are fished out and cultivated individually. In this process, there will be broodstock on the broodstock body, there may be three reasons: First, the water quality is not good, and second, there are parasites on the broodstock, the third is the first broodstock to lay the broodstock without the experience of larvae, not to let the larval upper body . At this time, the fertilized eggs will be removed for artificial incubation. If conditions permit, let the larvae live in the broodstock for several more days, which is more conducive to larval growth. It is generally 15 to 20 days after undergoing sperm to egg larvae.
(2) artificial hatching. First do the artificial egg slurry (commonly known as cheese): Use a raw egg yolk, a cooked egg yolk, a little spirulina, a suitable amount of vitamins, a little milk powder, put a little bit of the binder, stir it together until it becomes a paste, and put it in a water tank for use.
Move the PVC tube with the fertilized eggs from the broodstock to another glass jar. The water quality in this glass jar is the same as that of the original broodstock. Methylene blue was added dropwise to the water to make the in-cylinder liquid concentration 0.3 ppm to prevent oviposition. The cylinder is slightly oxygenated. When the fertilized eggs hatched for approximately 60 hours, the filmed larvae (which are still on the oviposition tube) were moved to another small basin. The water quality in the basin was still the same as that in the broodstock tank. The larvae can swim freely and can swim to the pelvic wall, ie artificial eggs can be fed. There are two feeding methods: one is to suck a portion of the water from a small basin, apply an egg slurry on the wall of the bowl, a 3 to 5 mm egg slurry, blow dry with a hair dryer, and then add water to the basin to diffuse over the egg. Pulp. In this way, larvae can swim and eat. One hour later, the water level is lowered, the leftover egg slurry is wiped off, and half of the water is changed; the other feeding method is to apply 3-5 mm to the upper part of the inner wall of the same sand bowl with the same size as the hatching pot. The wide artificial egg slurry is blown dry, and then the larvae are gently poured together with the original water to feed the larvae. When the larvae are full, leave the egg slurry and gently pour the fish and water back together. Regardless of the method, feeding continuously for five or six days, three times a day, changing the water 50% after each feeding, you can routinely feed the nauplii of the Artemia larvae to the larval tank for culture. The incubation rate of artificial hatching is lower than the natural hatching rate.
2 culture
2.1 larval rearing
The larval rearing tank is smaller than the brooding tank. The same specifications can also be used. Usually 30cm30cm30cm. Bring the larvae to the larval tank, and the proportion of water in the original broodstock is larger than half of the water in the entire larval tank. The initial water level should be shallow, and the water volume is generally 1/3 of the entire cylinder. The larvae feed eight times a day, following the principle of small meals. Change the water by more than 50% within one hour after feeding. After larvae grow to more than 1 cm, you can feed them with “Hamburgerâ€. You can feed 6 times a day instead. After each meal, remove the dirt in time, change the water after each meal, change the water more than 50% each time, and continue until the larvae grow to 2 to 3 cm. At this point we must increase the water level in the tank to keep the water depth at 2/3 of the height of the tank and install a biochemical filter. Feed 4 times a day, remove the residual baits and excrement in time, change the water 1 or 2 times a day, change the water 1/3 each time, until the larvae grow to 5-6 cm, become young fish.
Larval rearing is a crucial stage for the rearing of the colorful angelfish. If the water quality is good, the nutrition is adequate, and the management science can grow to 5-6 cm in 45-50 days, thus successfully breaking through the first bottleneck stage of the growth of the colorful angelfish as soon as possible. So when the colorful angelfish grows to 10 centimeters in size, it will no longer take too long and too much time.
Water quality indicators for the larval rearing stage are not as high as those required for broodstock reproduction. People can drink only tap water. PH value of 7.0 ~ 7.5, water temperature at 28 °C ~ 29 °C, do not need to be softened. On the contrary, a higher hardness is also beneficial to the growth of larvae.
2.2 Juvenile culture
5 to 6 cm juveniles are much more economical than larvae. At this stage, in addition to keeping all the equipment in the larval stage, a “filter tower†is added in the cylinder, that is, a special small motor is placed at the bottom of the cylinder, and a special filter or basket is installed on the cylinder port. The motor sucks the residual bait or excrement into the filter and the water is filtered and returned to the tank. The dirt is discharged out of the tank. This equipment not only removes dirt, increases dissolved oxygen, but also removes toxic nitrogen and ammonia by nitrification reaction so that water quality does not deteriorate.
The bait is fed three times a day and the water is changed once a day. The amount of water changed every time is 30%. At this stage, the early juveniles grow more slowly, usually after 8 to 10 months, to grow to 10 to 12 centimeters. At this stage, the bait should take more effort. Regularly add various vitamins or other drugs in the "Hamburger" to enhance the body and prevent illness. If we can manage to grow as early as 10 to 12 centimeters as soon as possible, that is, as soon as possible to break through the second bottleneck stage of the growth of the colorful angelfish, then juvenile fish will smoothly enter the adult stage. Whether or not the colorful angelfish can be cultivated healthy and well-behaved, mainly depends on the kung fu at this stage.
Juveniles have the same water quality as larvae, and there are no special requirements. After juveniles grow to 10-12 cm, the feed can be changed twice a day. After another 1 to 2 months of feeding, it entered the adult fish breeding stage.
2.3 adult fish breeding
Any fish that grows to 10-12 cm in length or raises for more than 10 months is called adult fish. The feeding method of colorful angelfish in the adult stage is the same as that in the later period of juvenile fish. During this period, the gonads of the colorful angelfish developed and matured. Pairings began to appear. If you want to breed, fish the paired fish and culture them individually.
2.4 Disease Prevention and Treatment
During the breeding of colorful angelfish, the breeder is often plagued by his disease. If it is found that it is not timely, improper treatment will cause the death of the colorful angelfish. The common diseases of the colorful angelfish can be divided into two broad categories: bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases.
3 disease prevention
3.1 Bacterial and fungal diseases
3.1.1 Symptoms of watery mildew: The body color of the fish is dark, there are white mists on the body surface, the rays of the rays shrink, the appetite is weak, and the activity is reduced. Treatment: 1, soaked with 2ppm methylene blue solution for 24 hours, completely changed the water, once every other day, three times in a row. 2. Thoroughly change water after soaking in 150 ppm formalin for one hour. This can be used again after two days.
3.1.2 Grub: Symptoms: The colorful head is upturned, and the inner and outer edges of the gill are white rotting. The fish breathed quickly and exhausted, and the mouth and ankle were wide and the appetite was weak. Treatment: 1, soaked with 2ppm methylene blue solution for 24 hours, completely changed the water, once every other day, three times in a row. 2, orally, according to the method of feeding 50 mg per kilogram of fish per day, the erythromycin in the bait, and feed for three weeks.
3.1.3 Enteritis: Symptoms: Fish feces becomes thin, whitening, and dragging on the anus. The food intake of fish decreased, and the body of the fish was thin. Treatment: prevent food from taking too long and spoilage, use fresh feed. Oral ciprofloxacin baits. The dose of 50 mg per kilogram of fish was fed daily for 10 days.
3.2 Parasitic diseases
(A) Ringworm
Parasitic sites and results: The ringworm is mainly parasitized in the axilla, skin, and fins. It is a large amount of parasitism, which can cause swollen silk, anemia, sputum tissue damage, severe necrosis of small pieces, and surrounding soft tissue. Treatment: After soaking in 100ppm formalin solution for 10 hours, change the water thoroughly. Treat it once every two days, preferably seven times in a row. This will not only kill the adult, but also kill the larvae hatched by the eggs, completely eliminate the ringworm.
(b) Oblique worms
Parasitic parts and results: Parasitized parasites are parasitized on the skin and iliac crest, and fish that are infected with chafers have frictional foreign objects. The oblique worms most often invade the back of the body of the fish, causing the skin of the parasite to proliferate, and eventually the epidermis flaking off. Treatment: Soaked with 0.2~0.3ppm of traditional Chinese medicine "worm earning" for fish. According to the amount of water in the tank, take the appropriate amount of "Pest" and soak it in warm water of 50°C~60°C for 1 hour, and then spread it evenly into the Colorful Angelfish tank. Change the water thoroughly after 24 hours, and use it again every three days.
(c) Flagellates
Parasites and results: Flagellates are parasitized in the intestines of the colorful angelfish. When poor water quality, malnutrition, or long-distance transportation are used, when the resistance of the colorful angelfish declines, the flagellates will multiply in the intestine, causing intestinal inflammation, and in severe cases, the death of the colorful angelfish. The colorful angelfish that infect the flagellates darken their bodies, their eyes are omnivorous, and their feces are thick and white. Treatment: 1, with the special medicine for the colorful angelfish, "100 will be removed." Use 1 gram of "Hundred" to soak for every 10 kilograms of water for 4 to 6 days. 2, with "hundred addition" medicine bait, 25 grams per kilogram of bait, and even fed 7 to 10 days.
(d) Locusts
Parasitic parts and results: Ascarid parasites in the gut of the colorful angelfish can cause intestinal obstruction and inflammation of the colorful angelfish and cause anemia in the colorful angelfish. Although the colorful angelfish parasitized by locusts is feeding normally, the fish body is thin and grows slowly. treatment method:
1, with Chinese medicine "worm earning" 0.2 ~ 0.3ppm soaked, completely changed the water after 24 hours. 2, with "hundred additions" to do medicine bait, per kilogram of bait plus 25 grams "hundred" will be continuous for 7 to 10 days.
The colorful angelfish is high in height, flat in side, short and small in the head, mouth in position, cracking in the mouth, and upper and lower jaws in length. The eyes are distributed on both sides of the head, and body height is similar to body length. The whole body is disc-shaped. The dorsal fin is long, extending from the back of the head to the tail shank, close to the caudal fin. The pair of pelvic fins are thin and long, with anal fins symmetrical to the dorsal fins, and they all have the same shape and length as dorsal fins. The fins are covered with red and cobalt blue stripes. Most colorful angelfish have various lengths, straight or curved stripes or red dots.
The origin of the colorful angelfish is the Amazon River, which lives in the middle and upper layers of still waters. It prefers clean and acidic soft water. It uses fish, worms and silkworms as bait. It is often hidden in the middle of large aquatic plants or coral groves. The temperament is gentle and timid. After the sexual maturity, the colorful angelfish have the habit of self-selection.
Many countries in the world treat the colorful angelfish as a treasure in ornamental fish. In China, the colorful angelfish has gradually been favored by a large number of ornamental fish lovers in recent years. However, due to its delicate nature, it is hard to keep and it has deterred most of the colorful angelfish lovers. The Huai'an Aquatic Science Research Institute has mastered the breeding techniques and disease prevention techniques of the colorful angelfish through several years of practice. It has now become the largest breeding base of the colorful angelfish in the province.
1 Breeding
1.1 The choice of broodstock
The first choice is to choose freely matched broodstock combinations. Sexually matured colorful angelfish will appear to be paired, and the adoring male and female colorful angelfish will be in close proximity to each other, occupying a certain area, and not allowing other similar species to approach. This group of fish can be used as a broodstock. You can also take artificial force pairing. According to the needs of people, male and female fish that are deemed suitable are brought together and live together for a period of time. If they can see each other and they are satisfied with each other, then the artificial match is successful. If males and females are not friendly, do not allow each other to approach each other, or even fight each other, then they must be paired again.
The age of the broodstock is preferably in the range of 14 to 16 months and at least 10 months. Body height, body length 10 ~ 15cm, bright color, round and full body shape, eyes bright and red. Apart from black eyes, the rest of the eye is red best.
The males and females of the colorful angelfish before sexual maturity are indistinguishable from each other. After sexual maturity, the forehead of the male is slightly higher, the tip of the dorsal fin protrudes upward (commonly known as the sharp dorsal fin), and the pelvic fins are narrow and long, while the female forehead is not high, and the dorsal fins are rounded at the end. Blunt, not prominent, pelvic fins are wider and shorter; male caudal fins in the same fish are larger than females; males are generally larger than females. The male's mouth is thicker than the female's mouth; the spawning period is shorter and sharper in the male, and the female's fallopian tube is thick and thick; the female is more aggressive than the male, and when stimulated or dangerous, the female The fish first rushed over and licked the enemy to protect the spouse and fry.
1.2 Broodstock breeding
1.2.1 Feed Production and Feeding
The feed of the colorful angelfish is also known as "Hamburg", with 40% of beef heart, 10% of beef, and 50% of shrimp, plus an appropriate amount of spinach or carrot. Cow heart beef to remove fat and tendons, spinach should be burned with boiling water, carrots to be steamed, and then the above materials were beaten with a beater, mix well was a paste, into a non-toxic plastic bag pressed into a pancake Frozen, "Hamburg" is made. Before each feeding, take it out of the refrigerator, thaw it slightly, remove the plastic bag, and cut it into small pieces. Feed three times a day, once each morning, evening, and evening. It is advisable to feed the fish in 30 minutes. The broodstock breeding process should not be fed too much and full. According to our experience, fish that grow thick and fat and thick is not necessarily a good broodstock. There are too many fats in the body, but spawning is not much. If the sexually mature broodstock is overweight, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the number of feedings, feed only once or twice a day, and reduce the content of bovine heart in “Hamburgerâ€, increase Artemia spp. and spirulina, and periodically add yeast to the diet. Tablets or multivitamins. The broodstock developed in this manner not only looks good in body shape, but also has strong fertility.
1.2.2 Water Quality Requirements
Propagation tank water injection 60kg. Breeding requires very high water quality. Once a certain water quality index fails to reach the standard, the entire breeding will be abandoned. We use tap water that has been filtered through activated carbon, resin, and biochemical cotton in sequence, and then undergo phosphoric acid regulation. The aeration is continued 24 hours a day, but the amount of aeration cannot be large. This weak acid soft water is most suitable for the reproduction of the colorful angelfish. Specific water quality requirements are: PH: 6.2 to 6.5, hardness 3 to 5 dGH, dissolved oxygen 8 mg/l, water temperature 28°C. After feeding each time, the bait and feces should be removed in time. Change the water once a day, change the water every time by 1/4, then the water added into the tank is still clean and weak acidic soft water. The quality of water used for reproduction must be very stable, and there must not be much change or difference.
1.3 breeding equipment
The broodstock breeding cylinder is 45cm45cm40cm in size and 10-12mm in thickness. The glass jar is placed on a brazed-welded stand. The bracket is three layers. The upper and lower glass cylinders are used for water treatment. The middle cylinder is a broodstock breeding cylinder. The entire water flow system can be circulated, and the water intake and drainage of a single cylinder can also be used independently. The drainage hole of the breeding cylinder is in the middle of the bottom of the cylinder. Insert the same PVC pipe with the hole diameter (usually 2 to 3 cm in inner diameter) on the drainage hole. The length of the pipe is slightly lower than the surface of the water. A larger diameter (generally PVC pipe with inner diameter of 5 to 6cm). This thick tube is where the female lays eggs and fertilizes eggs. The tank is equipped with a special biochemical cotton filter for angelfish to stabilize water quality and increase oxygen. According to circumstances, the cylinder can be equipped with an automatic temperature control heater.
1.4 Spawning and hatching
1.4.1 Spawning The colorful angelfish spawn several times a year. When both males and females are close to the oviposition tube and the oviposition tube is continuously used to clear the spawning site, the females are about to lay eggs. Spawning time is usually dusk or night. The eggs are evenly distributed on the upper part of the oviposition tube. Spawning capacity is as small as tens of grains, and as many as 300 to 400 grains, each time. The spawning of females into the oviduct is performed in a row from the bottom to the top. Every time a female raises an egg, it is released. The male fish immediately ejaculates, and then the female fish begins to spawn again. This is repeated until the female has spawned. The entire spawning and fertilization process is completed within 30 minutes. Here, if the female becomes unresponsive after spawning, the female will drive the male and let it fertilize. The fertilized eggs are pale yellow, shiny, and sticky. Good broodstock can spawn once every 15 to 20 days, produce eggs three times within two months, and then have another interval. According to the breeder's feeding level and daily management level, the length of the interval is different. Normal one month or so can restore spawning.
1.4.2 Incubation
There are two kinds of natural hatching and artificial hatching.
(1) Natural hatching. Under normal circumstances, broodstock natural hatching is generally used. After the broodstock spawns, the male guards the fertilized eggs and constantly breathes out his or her mouth against the fertilized eggs to increase oxygen in the fertilized eggs. The fertilized eggs appeared after 24 hours of eye spot and the film appeared after 60 hours. At this time the larvae are still on the oviposition tube and it takes about 24 hours to enter the water and start swimming. After 72 hours, after the yolk sac of the larvae is absorbed, it will adhere to the male and female fish, hold the broodstock body with the mouth, move around the body of the broodstock, and soak up the nutrients secreted by the body surface of the broodstock. In another week, the larvae can completely leave the broodstock. At this point, you can use the nauplii of the nauplii to try to feed the larvae. If the larvae eat it, then another 1 to 2 days (at which time you still have to feed the young larvae of Innogeny, 1 or 2 times a day), you can Larvae are fished out and cultivated individually. In this process, there will be broodstock on the broodstock body, there may be three reasons: First, the water quality is not good, and second, there are parasites on the broodstock, the third is the first broodstock to lay the broodstock without the experience of larvae, not to let the larval upper body . At this time, the fertilized eggs will be removed for artificial incubation. If conditions permit, let the larvae live in the broodstock for several more days, which is more conducive to larval growth. It is generally 15 to 20 days after undergoing sperm to egg larvae.
(2) artificial hatching. First do the artificial egg slurry (commonly known as cheese): Use a raw egg yolk, a cooked egg yolk, a little spirulina, a suitable amount of vitamins, a little milk powder, put a little bit of the binder, stir it together until it becomes a paste, and put it in a water tank for use.
Move the PVC tube with the fertilized eggs from the broodstock to another glass jar. The water quality in this glass jar is the same as that of the original broodstock. Methylene blue was added dropwise to the water to make the in-cylinder liquid concentration 0.3 ppm to prevent oviposition. The cylinder is slightly oxygenated. When the fertilized eggs hatched for approximately 60 hours, the filmed larvae (which are still on the oviposition tube) were moved to another small basin. The water quality in the basin was still the same as that in the broodstock tank. The larvae can swim freely and can swim to the pelvic wall, ie artificial eggs can be fed. There are two feeding methods: one is to suck a portion of the water from a small basin, apply an egg slurry on the wall of the bowl, a 3 to 5 mm egg slurry, blow dry with a hair dryer, and then add water to the basin to diffuse over the egg. Pulp. In this way, larvae can swim and eat. One hour later, the water level is lowered, the leftover egg slurry is wiped off, and half of the water is changed; the other feeding method is to apply 3-5 mm to the upper part of the inner wall of the same sand bowl with the same size as the hatching pot. The wide artificial egg slurry is blown dry, and then the larvae are gently poured together with the original water to feed the larvae. When the larvae are full, leave the egg slurry and gently pour the fish and water back together. Regardless of the method, feeding continuously for five or six days, three times a day, changing the water 50% after each feeding, you can routinely feed the nauplii of the Artemia larvae to the larval tank for culture. The incubation rate of artificial hatching is lower than the natural hatching rate.
2 culture
2.1 larval rearing
The larval rearing tank is smaller than the brooding tank. The same specifications can also be used. Usually 30cm30cm30cm. Bring the larvae to the larval tank, and the proportion of water in the original broodstock is larger than half of the water in the entire larval tank. The initial water level should be shallow, and the water volume is generally 1/3 of the entire cylinder. The larvae feed eight times a day, following the principle of small meals. Change the water by more than 50% within one hour after feeding. After larvae grow to more than 1 cm, you can feed them with “Hamburgerâ€. You can feed 6 times a day instead. After each meal, remove the dirt in time, change the water after each meal, change the water more than 50% each time, and continue until the larvae grow to 2 to 3 cm. At this point we must increase the water level in the tank to keep the water depth at 2/3 of the height of the tank and install a biochemical filter. Feed 4 times a day, remove the residual baits and excrement in time, change the water 1 or 2 times a day, change the water 1/3 each time, until the larvae grow to 5-6 cm, become young fish.
Larval rearing is a crucial stage for the rearing of the colorful angelfish. If the water quality is good, the nutrition is adequate, and the management science can grow to 5-6 cm in 45-50 days, thus successfully breaking through the first bottleneck stage of the growth of the colorful angelfish as soon as possible. So when the colorful angelfish grows to 10 centimeters in size, it will no longer take too long and too much time.
Water quality indicators for the larval rearing stage are not as high as those required for broodstock reproduction. People can drink only tap water. PH value of 7.0 ~ 7.5, water temperature at 28 °C ~ 29 °C, do not need to be softened. On the contrary, a higher hardness is also beneficial to the growth of larvae.
2.2 Juvenile culture
5 to 6 cm juveniles are much more economical than larvae. At this stage, in addition to keeping all the equipment in the larval stage, a “filter tower†is added in the cylinder, that is, a special small motor is placed at the bottom of the cylinder, and a special filter or basket is installed on the cylinder port. The motor sucks the residual bait or excrement into the filter and the water is filtered and returned to the tank. The dirt is discharged out of the tank. This equipment not only removes dirt, increases dissolved oxygen, but also removes toxic nitrogen and ammonia by nitrification reaction so that water quality does not deteriorate.
The bait is fed three times a day and the water is changed once a day. The amount of water changed every time is 30%. At this stage, the early juveniles grow more slowly, usually after 8 to 10 months, to grow to 10 to 12 centimeters. At this stage, the bait should take more effort. Regularly add various vitamins or other drugs in the "Hamburger" to enhance the body and prevent illness. If we can manage to grow as early as 10 to 12 centimeters as soon as possible, that is, as soon as possible to break through the second bottleneck stage of the growth of the colorful angelfish, then juvenile fish will smoothly enter the adult stage. Whether or not the colorful angelfish can be cultivated healthy and well-behaved, mainly depends on the kung fu at this stage.
Juveniles have the same water quality as larvae, and there are no special requirements. After juveniles grow to 10-12 cm, the feed can be changed twice a day. After another 1 to 2 months of feeding, it entered the adult fish breeding stage.
2.3 adult fish breeding
Any fish that grows to 10-12 cm in length or raises for more than 10 months is called adult fish. The feeding method of colorful angelfish in the adult stage is the same as that in the later period of juvenile fish. During this period, the gonads of the colorful angelfish developed and matured. Pairings began to appear. If you want to breed, fish the paired fish and culture them individually.
2.4 Disease Prevention and Treatment
During the breeding of colorful angelfish, the breeder is often plagued by his disease. If it is found that it is not timely, improper treatment will cause the death of the colorful angelfish. The common diseases of the colorful angelfish can be divided into two broad categories: bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases.
3 disease prevention
3.1 Bacterial and fungal diseases
3.1.1 Symptoms of watery mildew: The body color of the fish is dark, there are white mists on the body surface, the rays of the rays shrink, the appetite is weak, and the activity is reduced. Treatment: 1, soaked with 2ppm methylene blue solution for 24 hours, completely changed the water, once every other day, three times in a row. 2. Thoroughly change water after soaking in 150 ppm formalin for one hour. This can be used again after two days.
3.1.2 Grub: Symptoms: The colorful head is upturned, and the inner and outer edges of the gill are white rotting. The fish breathed quickly and exhausted, and the mouth and ankle were wide and the appetite was weak. Treatment: 1, soaked with 2ppm methylene blue solution for 24 hours, completely changed the water, once every other day, three times in a row. 2, orally, according to the method of feeding 50 mg per kilogram of fish per day, the erythromycin in the bait, and feed for three weeks.
3.1.3 Enteritis: Symptoms: Fish feces becomes thin, whitening, and dragging on the anus. The food intake of fish decreased, and the body of the fish was thin. Treatment: prevent food from taking too long and spoilage, use fresh feed. Oral ciprofloxacin baits. The dose of 50 mg per kilogram of fish was fed daily for 10 days.
3.2 Parasitic diseases
(A) Ringworm
Parasitic sites and results: The ringworm is mainly parasitized in the axilla, skin, and fins. It is a large amount of parasitism, which can cause swollen silk, anemia, sputum tissue damage, severe necrosis of small pieces, and surrounding soft tissue. Treatment: After soaking in 100ppm formalin solution for 10 hours, change the water thoroughly. Treat it once every two days, preferably seven times in a row. This will not only kill the adult, but also kill the larvae hatched by the eggs, completely eliminate the ringworm.
(b) Oblique worms
Parasitic parts and results: Parasitized parasites are parasitized on the skin and iliac crest, and fish that are infected with chafers have frictional foreign objects. The oblique worms most often invade the back of the body of the fish, causing the skin of the parasite to proliferate, and eventually the epidermis flaking off. Treatment: Soaked with 0.2~0.3ppm of traditional Chinese medicine "worm earning" for fish. According to the amount of water in the tank, take the appropriate amount of "Pest" and soak it in warm water of 50°C~60°C for 1 hour, and then spread it evenly into the Colorful Angelfish tank. Change the water thoroughly after 24 hours, and use it again every three days.
(c) Flagellates
Parasites and results: Flagellates are parasitized in the intestines of the colorful angelfish. When poor water quality, malnutrition, or long-distance transportation are used, when the resistance of the colorful angelfish declines, the flagellates will multiply in the intestine, causing intestinal inflammation, and in severe cases, the death of the colorful angelfish. The colorful angelfish that infect the flagellates darken their bodies, their eyes are omnivorous, and their feces are thick and white. Treatment: 1, with the special medicine for the colorful angelfish, "100 will be removed." Use 1 gram of "Hundred" to soak for every 10 kilograms of water for 4 to 6 days. 2, with "hundred addition" medicine bait, 25 grams per kilogram of bait, and even fed 7 to 10 days.
(d) Locusts
Parasitic parts and results: Ascarid parasites in the gut of the colorful angelfish can cause intestinal obstruction and inflammation of the colorful angelfish and cause anemia in the colorful angelfish. Although the colorful angelfish parasitized by locusts is feeding normally, the fish body is thin and grows slowly. treatment method:
1, with Chinese medicine "worm earning" 0.2 ~ 0.3ppm soaked, completely changed the water after 24 hours. 2, with "hundred additions" to do medicine bait, per kilogram of bait plus 25 grams "hundred" will be continuous for 7 to 10 days.
Horseradish Products,Fresh Horseradish Root,Horseradish Paste,Chopped Horseradish
NINGXIA KOFOLON INTERNATIONAL CO.,LTD. , http://www.kofolon.com