First, the selection and breeding of broodstock The purebred Olivia tilapia is used as the parent, Nile tilapia as the female parent, and the parents with small head, healthy body, clear and neat pattern, bright color and no damage are selected. According to the male and female ratio of 3:1 breeding, in the breeding process completely natural floatation, the male rate of up to 90%.
II. Economic evaluation of Ao Nile Fei
1 High male rate: Ao Niro is not a pure natural crossbreeding, and the male rate is over 90%. It has obvious advantages in hybridization. The morphology is similar to the male parent, but the individual is larger than the parent. In the breeding process, small seedlings and miscellaneous seedlings are greatly reduced, so that feed can be used effectively and breeding cost can be reduced.
2. Fast growth: After breeding experiments, under the same feeding conditions, the daily gain of A. tilapia was higher than that of conventional seedlings, longevity fish, and drug-induced unisexual tilapia. Spring seedlings hatched that year, after 6-7 months of culture, generally reach a market specification of 500 grams or more, and individuals are even.
3. Cold resistance and high catch rate: A. tilapia survived at a temperature of 8°C, and the lethal temperature was 6°C. The cold-resistant ability has obvious advantages. In southern China, the general simple greenhouse can safely winter; A. tilapia is easy to catch, generally two nets can capture more than 90%, the three nets can basically catch net, no dry pond, which greatly reduces the workload.
4, the high rate of out of the meat: Ao Nile tilapia round body, back tall and fleshy, out of the meat rate of 0.38 or more, higher than the ordinary Tilapia about 0.28, increased by 10%. Therefore, O. tilapia is particularly suitable for the processing of fish fillets, which is favored by aquatic processing companies and export distributors, and has further expanded the scale of tilapia farming.
5, compared with unisexual tilapia or all-male tilapia: Unisexual or African male tilapia, actually in the fry after hatching, add methyl testosterone (male hormone) when feeding feed. ), After about four weeks, the female is degraded, thereby increasing the "male" rate. If the effect is good, the "male" rate can reach more than 98%. At present, all males are known in the domestic market. Even single male tilapia seedlings with a male rate of 100% use this method. In the case of natural hybridization, it is difficult to achieve this standard. No matter which species of tilapia can be induced by drugs to obtain the so-called all-male tilapia, although the problem of excessive propagation of tilapia is solved, the growth rate does not necessarily increase, and the adult individuals are not evenly distributed. In summary, A. tilapia has become the preferred fine variety for freshwater aquaculture and has been widely promoted in various provinces and cities in China. In particular, in the processing of fish fillets, it has not only increased the meat yield but also has no drug residue, thus avoiding In the case of trade disputes, competition has become an absolute advantage.
Third, seed breeding and adult fish breeding
1. Pond preparation: The area is suitable for 3-5 mu and the bottom is flat. Ten days before stocking, 60-70 kilograms of quicklime shall be sprayed and disinfected in the clear pond. After 2-3 days, 75-100 kilograms of farmyard manure such as chicken manure and pig dung are applied per acre, and water is injected to one meter. After the water becomes tea-brown or oil-green, the fry can be released.
2, fish stocking and collocation: South to mid-April, when the temperature rises and stable (water temperature above 18C) when the seedlings. Each unit has a 2000-2500 tail size of 3.0-3.5 cm on its size, 40 large flower buds, 30 white feathers, and a small amount of cockroach and squid.
3, pre-feeding: After the release of fry, the soaked peanut cake or rapeseed cake and other stirring, along the edge of the pond to the center of the spill, per acre daily by 1.5-2 kg feeding. After one month of cultivation, the fry can grow to about 10 cm in size and weigh 10-12 grams.
4. Management in the middle and later period (1) Feed feeding: The growth temperature of A. tilapia is 22-32C, and the appetite is vigorous. The scope of feeding should be wide, and all fish should be balanced ingestion as much as possible. Its feed is rapeseed cake, oyster cake, wheat bran, peanut cake, bean cake, etc. It is best to mix and use. The tilapia full-rate compound feed was fed conditionally and fed twice a day, from 9:00 to 10:00 in the morning and from 4:00 to 5:00 in the afternoon. Daily feeding amount: body weight 10-20 grams, 5-7%; 20-50 grams, 4-6%: 50-100 grams, 3-5%; 100-200 grams, 2-4%: 200 grams or more, About 2% of fish's weight.
(2) Water quality regulation: In the middle of May to June, water can be gradually added to 1.5 meters. In July and August, it is a high temperature season. Add water to about 1.8 meters. The best condition is to change the water once a week. The water quality is fresh and prevents flooding.
(3) Prevention of fish diseases: Adhere to the principle of “prevention first, prevention and control of both sidesâ€. Fish species can be soaked with 4-5% saline for 10-15 minutes before stocking. May-September is a season of fish disease, with bleaching powder lppm or quicklime 20kg/mu Quanchiposa every half month. When symptoms of fish disease occur, antibiotics and vitamin baits can be fed for 3-5 days.
II. Economic evaluation of Ao Nile Fei
1 High male rate: Ao Niro is not a pure natural crossbreeding, and the male rate is over 90%. It has obvious advantages in hybridization. The morphology is similar to the male parent, but the individual is larger than the parent. In the breeding process, small seedlings and miscellaneous seedlings are greatly reduced, so that feed can be used effectively and breeding cost can be reduced.
2. Fast growth: After breeding experiments, under the same feeding conditions, the daily gain of A. tilapia was higher than that of conventional seedlings, longevity fish, and drug-induced unisexual tilapia. Spring seedlings hatched that year, after 6-7 months of culture, generally reach a market specification of 500 grams or more, and individuals are even.
3. Cold resistance and high catch rate: A. tilapia survived at a temperature of 8°C, and the lethal temperature was 6°C. The cold-resistant ability has obvious advantages. In southern China, the general simple greenhouse can safely winter; A. tilapia is easy to catch, generally two nets can capture more than 90%, the three nets can basically catch net, no dry pond, which greatly reduces the workload.
4, the high rate of out of the meat: Ao Nile tilapia round body, back tall and fleshy, out of the meat rate of 0.38 or more, higher than the ordinary Tilapia about 0.28, increased by 10%. Therefore, O. tilapia is particularly suitable for the processing of fish fillets, which is favored by aquatic processing companies and export distributors, and has further expanded the scale of tilapia farming.
5, compared with unisexual tilapia or all-male tilapia: Unisexual or African male tilapia, actually in the fry after hatching, add methyl testosterone (male hormone) when feeding feed. ), After about four weeks, the female is degraded, thereby increasing the "male" rate. If the effect is good, the "male" rate can reach more than 98%. At present, all males are known in the domestic market. Even single male tilapia seedlings with a male rate of 100% use this method. In the case of natural hybridization, it is difficult to achieve this standard. No matter which species of tilapia can be induced by drugs to obtain the so-called all-male tilapia, although the problem of excessive propagation of tilapia is solved, the growth rate does not necessarily increase, and the adult individuals are not evenly distributed. In summary, A. tilapia has become the preferred fine variety for freshwater aquaculture and has been widely promoted in various provinces and cities in China. In particular, in the processing of fish fillets, it has not only increased the meat yield but also has no drug residue, thus avoiding In the case of trade disputes, competition has become an absolute advantage.
Third, seed breeding and adult fish breeding
1. Pond preparation: The area is suitable for 3-5 mu and the bottom is flat. Ten days before stocking, 60-70 kilograms of quicklime shall be sprayed and disinfected in the clear pond. After 2-3 days, 75-100 kilograms of farmyard manure such as chicken manure and pig dung are applied per acre, and water is injected to one meter. After the water becomes tea-brown or oil-green, the fry can be released.
2, fish stocking and collocation: South to mid-April, when the temperature rises and stable (water temperature above 18C) when the seedlings. Each unit has a 2000-2500 tail size of 3.0-3.5 cm on its size, 40 large flower buds, 30 white feathers, and a small amount of cockroach and squid.
3, pre-feeding: After the release of fry, the soaked peanut cake or rapeseed cake and other stirring, along the edge of the pond to the center of the spill, per acre daily by 1.5-2 kg feeding. After one month of cultivation, the fry can grow to about 10 cm in size and weigh 10-12 grams.
4. Management in the middle and later period (1) Feed feeding: The growth temperature of A. tilapia is 22-32C, and the appetite is vigorous. The scope of feeding should be wide, and all fish should be balanced ingestion as much as possible. Its feed is rapeseed cake, oyster cake, wheat bran, peanut cake, bean cake, etc. It is best to mix and use. The tilapia full-rate compound feed was fed conditionally and fed twice a day, from 9:00 to 10:00 in the morning and from 4:00 to 5:00 in the afternoon. Daily feeding amount: body weight 10-20 grams, 5-7%; 20-50 grams, 4-6%: 50-100 grams, 3-5%; 100-200 grams, 2-4%: 200 grams or more, About 2% of fish's weight.
(2) Water quality regulation: In the middle of May to June, water can be gradually added to 1.5 meters. In July and August, it is a high temperature season. Add water to about 1.8 meters. The best condition is to change the water once a week. The water quality is fresh and prevents flooding.
(3) Prevention of fish diseases: Adhere to the principle of “prevention first, prevention and control of both sidesâ€. Fish species can be soaked with 4-5% saline for 10-15 minutes before stocking. May-September is a season of fish disease, with bleaching powder lppm or quicklime 20kg/mu Quanchiposa every half month. When symptoms of fish disease occur, antibiotics and vitamin baits can be fed for 3-5 days.
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