Household raising cows high yield and high efficiency production technology

In recent years, as people's demand for dairy products has increased, the number of farmers raising dairy cows in the suburbs of our county has gradually increased, and there has been a rise in "cow fever." During the process of raising dairy cows by farmers, we found that most of the farmer's husbandry and management are extensive, and there are many irrationalities in many aspects of milk production technology, which affects the milk production performance of dairy cows, resulting in less milk production and lower efficiency. In order to give guidance to dairy cow production, the technology for achieving high cow production is now described below for reference by dairy farmers. 1. The dairy cow's choice of dairy breeds and the individual's merit determine the amount of milk produced in a lifetime. The majority of dairy cows in China are Holstein black-and-white dairy cows. This breed is superior to other dairy cow breeds. With high milk production and stable production performance, it is the target of choice for farmers. Specific attention should be paid to the following points. 1Selection criteria; requirements of sturdy body, well-proportioned structure, thin and elastic skin, long and wide body, straight back, long and flat hair, good chest growth, large belly without sagging, body from above, side, back three The observation of the position was "inverted △", and the limbs were firm and straight. Large breasts, rounded square, extending forward and backward, lateral lines perpendicular to the front edge of the lumbar angle, the bottom are holy horizontal, the bottom line is slightly higher than the hocks, breast development is adequate, the size of the nipple is moderate, the milk veins are large and many Curved, milk wells are large and deep. 2 Age selection: Dairy cows have different ages and there is a big difference in milk production. When the first child is born, it is usually about 2.5 years old. With the increase in parity and age, the milk production also gradually increases. When the birth rate reaches 4-7 (6-9 years old), the milk production reaches the maximum. Peak, began to decline after 10 years old. Therefore, the farmers who are preparing to raise dairy cows should purchase young and middle-aged cows within 3-5 years old. And cows should be purchased from large, regular dairy farms. 2. Strengthening the management of milk production during the milk production period of dairy cows has certain rules, and the production of milk generally increases rapidly from 15 to 20 days after calving, and reaches peaks at about 2 months (high yield of cattle to about 3 months). It declined significantly after 4 months, dropped rapidly after 7 months, and basically stopped until the end of 10 months. Understand this law to facilitate scientific and rational breeding so as to maximize the milk production potential of dairy cows. When the cow reaches the highest peak in lactation during the last 2 weeks of the milking period, the cows are often reared using the “feeding method”. The principle is that under the premise of not evading scientific rearing, feed less raw material, give more concentrate, provide sufficient drinking water, and use raw material freely. The method is to weigh 1.8 kg of cows each day from the first two weeks of calving, and then increase by 0.5 kg each day, until l.0-1.5 kg are eaten by 100 kg of body weight. For example, a cow weighing 500 kg will eat 6-9 kg. After the peak, supply fine material according to the amount of milk production, such as a daily output of 18 kilograms of milk, and a weight of 600 kilograms of dairy rations: 3 kilograms of hay, 25 kilograms of corn silage, 4 kilograms of corn, 2 kilograms of bran, 0.6 kilograms of soybean cake, and cotton cake 1.0 kg, 0.58 kg of fishmeal, 60 grams of shell powder, 50 grams of salt, and 20 grams of tricalcium phosphate. The feed should be relatively stable throughout the lactation period. Feed 3 times a day, so that there will be dry in the middle and dry in the middle, With the dry mix, the feeding can be carried out in an orderly manner, following the following pattern: first add hay → 1st silage → 1st concentrate → 2nd silage → 1st congee → 3rd silage → The 2nd fine material → The last thing is to use the porridge material to search for the leftover grass. Drinking water is carried out during feeding. This ensures that the milk production curve falls slowly and slowly, high and steadily. 3. Grasp the correct breast massage and milking method 1 Scrub the breast: Before breast milk, it can accelerate the blood circulation of the breast and speed up the milk secretion process. Use 45°C-50°C warm water to moisten the towels. Wash the nipples and pores first. Wash the middle ditch, the left breast area, the right breast area, and the back of the breast. Then wring the towel and dry it from top to bottom. Whole breasts. 2 massage the breasts: Each time the milk is fully massaged, so that the milk in the breast bubble into the cream and be squeezed. Tests have shown that breasts that massage breasts can be increased by 13% compared to cows that do not massage breasts. About 1 minute per massage, the performance of breast expansion. The milk nerves are nurturing, and milk can be milked when there is a symbol of breast milk. When the milk-driver feels that the milk in the milk pool has been squeezed, it can imitate the posture in which the yak impacts on the breast and knocks the hand upwards to stimulate the milk reflection and promote the coming of the next lactation. 3 milking method; milking personnel should sit on the right side of the cow body 1/3, with the thumb and index finger grip the base of the nipple, and then use the remaining fingers followed by pressing the nipple, rhythmically through the left and right hand tight A pine continuous. The milking force should be even and the movement should be skillful. The milking speed should be 80-120 beats/min. The first two nipples should be squeezed, squeezed to a certain extent, and then the first two nipples should be squeezed, and then squeezed and squeezed again until Squeeze. Milking can be arranged 3 times a day, about 5 hours apart. 4. Do a good job of dry milk cows 1 dry milk time: generally at the end of 10 months of milk production, dry milk to 45-6O days is appropriate. 2 dry milk method: reduce the number of milking method is changed from 3 times a day to 1 day 2 times, and then changed to 1 day crowded 1 times, the next day squeeze l times, and finally stop milking, generally 4-7 days to dry Milk; fast dry milk method is in the last milking, the milk is clean, each nipple into 10 ml dry cream ointment, so that rapid absorption of milk, and can prevent mastitis. Dry milk ointment is formulated with 40 ml of peanut oil or soybean oil, 200,000 units of penicillin, 1 million units of streptomycin, and an appropriate amount of sulfanilamide and mix well with glycerin. 3 with other measures of dry milk: 5 days before the dry milk, stop breast massage, control the water to the minimum amount of water, reduce or stop the juicy feed, concentrate feed. Strengthen exercise and increase it to more than 6 hours daily. 4 Feeding during the dry period: After 3-4 days of dry milk, observe the digestive status of the cow and the state of the breast. If there is no abnormality, the feed can be transferred to the normal standard within a few days, but the concentrate and succulent are added. It should not be too fast. It should be gradually carried out. The dry matter supplied during dry milk is generally equivalent to 1.5% to 2.0% of body weight, based on dry matter, and the ratio of coarse concentrate to raw material is 8:2 or 7:3, and attention should be paid to calcium and phosphorus supplements and inorganic salts. 5. Grasp the usual management work 1 A reasonable and orderly schedule: The goal is to allow the cattle to establish a good reflection of milk production conditions and to promote milk production. Feeding should be done regularly and quantitatively, first coarsely, then finely, and less frequently. The milking personnel are fixed, the number of milking is fixed, and the milking sequence is fixed. The work schedule can be carried out in an orderly manner, such as brushing cattle body, feeding, massaging the breasts, milking, pulling to the playground, and cleaning. 2 Strict management of water and materials: In the summer, attention should be paid to keeping the water clean, and drinking water at 12°C-16°C in winter. The feed supply in winter is 20% higher than the standard of nutrition to increase the cold-resistance capacity of cattle, and it is not fed with mold, mud, ice slag and pesticides. 3 Do a good job in the cold shelter of cattle houses. The proper outside temperature of cattle is 8°C-16°C. It has been reported that when the temperature rises from 25.9°C to 28.6°C, the standard milk production drops by 25.4%. Therefore, in the summer, the cowshed should be equipped with electric fans to shower the cow, open doors and windows, and speed up air circulation. Winter temperature has little effect on cattle, but shenwen should be kept above 4°C and prevent draughts and thief winds entering the cowshed.

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