First, the main traits. Bordeaux liquid is the most commonly used agent for the prevention and treatment of fruit leaves and fruit diseases. The finished product is a sky-blue, slightly alkaline suspension. Spraying before the occurrence of disease in fruit trees is mainly preventive and protective. After the liquid is sprayed on the plant body, a white film is formed to protect it from the bacteria. Its strong adhesion, more resistant to rain erosion, is an excellent protective agent and bactericide, is also one of the main agents with a wide range of applications and a long history. Second, the preparation method. Large areas of orchards generally have to be equipped with medicine pools. The medicine pool is composed of a large pool and two small pools. The two small pools are located above the large pool, leaving a water outlet at the bottom to communicate with the large pool. When dispensing, plug the outlets of the two small pools, dilute the copper sulphate in a small pool, dilute the lime in another small pool, and store 1/2 of the required water in the small pool (copper sulphate and lime need to be hydrated first, And remove lime residue). Then, remove the plug hole and place the two small pools in a large pool. Stir well and serve. If the dosage of the medicament is small, one large cylinder, two porcelain basins or barrels can be used. The copper sulfate and lime are first opened in two small containers. Then each person holds a container, slowly pours into the large cylinder of water, and mixes it while stirring. The use of a dilute solution of copper sulfate in the pouring of concentrated lime liquor is also very effective. First dissolve the copper sulfate with 2/3 of the water, and use 1/3 of the water to turn lime into milk of lime. Then pour the copper sulfate solution into the milk of lime and stir it continuously so that the two liquids can be mixed evenly. The Bordeaux mixture prepared by the method has good quality, strong colloidal properties and is not easy to precipitate. It should be noted that it cannot be reversed, otherwise it is prone to precipitation. The proportion of copper sulfate, lime and water in Bordeaux mixture is determined according to the sensitivity of different fruit trees to lime and copper in different periods. The so-called semi-quantitative, equal-quantity and multi-form Bordeaux fluids refer to the ratio of lime to copper sulfate. The formulation concentrations of 1%, 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.4%, etc. refer to the amount of copper sulfate used. For example, a 0.5% concentration half Bordeaux mixture is used, ie 1 part copper sulfate, 0.5 parts lime and 200 parts water. That is 1:0.5:200 Bordeaux mixture. Lime is generally used. When the disease is serious, lime half-scale can be used to enhance the bactericidal effect. Lime-multiply or multi-types are used for species and species that are prone to phytotoxicity. Third, the use of Bordeaux mixture in the prevention and treatment of fruit diseases 1, the use of the vine: grape downy mildew in the first infection before the first spray of bacteria, spray once every half after the 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture , Continuous spraying 2-3 times, effective for the disease; grape rust in the early onset of spraying 1:0.7: 200 times Bordeaux mixture; grape gray mold in the early stages of the disease to cut off the spike in time, and spray 300 times the amount of Bordeaux mixture; The grape black spotting disease sprays 1:0.5:250 times Bordeaux mixture in the early stage of disease; grape black rot sprays 1:0.7:200 times more Bordeaux mixture before flowering, after flowering, and during the fruit growth period to protect the fruit and prevent damage to the leaves. The incidence of new shoots. In the early stage of disease, Vitis vinifera combined with the control of black pox and anthrax, spraying once every half month 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture, spraying 2-3 times continuously. 2. Application on apple trees: For early defoliation of apples, spray equal 200-fold Bordeaux mixture for the first half of the onset (from the end of June to the beginning of July), and then spray once every 15-20 days. The effect is very good. . However, the fruit of Jinshuai and Hongyu is weak during the growth period and should not be used. The apple dry rot sprays 1:2:200-240 times Bordeaux mixture from May to June; apple anthracnose from the young fruit stage. (About the end of May) Spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture, spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 3-4 times in succession; apple rust is sprayed 200 times after germination to young fruit Bordeaux mixture; apple scab spraying 1:1.5-2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture in June-July; apple brown rot spraying 2-3 times in the onset (September-October) 1:1:160- 200 times the Bordeaux mixture; apple outbreaks are sprayed 2-3 times the amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture from June to July. 3. Application on pear trees: Pear scab, leaf anthracnose, fire blight spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture before and after flowering, and then spray once every 15-20 days. To protect inflorescences, shoots and leaves; pear rust, brown spot spray 1:2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture in the bud, spray once every 10 days or so, spray 2-3 times in succession; pear black In late April-early July, the spot was sprayed with 1:2:160-200 times of Bordeaux mixture and sprayed once every 10 days or so. The spray was sprayed 7-8 times successively. Pear dryness was in the growth period of the seedlings and spray times. 200 times Bordeaux mixture. 4. Use on peach and plum trees: During the critical period of prevention and treatment of peach leaf deficiencies, when the buds begin to swell, spray one and a half doses of Bordeaux mixture 150-200 times. The effect is good. If it is sprayed in winter, it will be The concentration was increased to 100 times the half-dosage; Peach bacterial perforation disease, spraying 200 times more Bordeaux mixture in the early spring buds, spraying 200 times Bordeaux mixture for the same period; Plum red spotting at the end of flowering In the germination stage of leaf buds, spray multiples 200 times Bordeaux mixture for prevention. 5, the use of walnut trees: walnut black spot before the onset of the same amount of Bordeaux spray 200 times, after every 15-20 days and then spray once. 6, the use of citrus trees: Citrus ulcer disease in the flowering before and after flowering spray 1 times the amount of 250 times Bordeaux mixture; citrus resin disease, scab disease in the spring before the bud spray 1 equal 150 Bordeaux fluid. 7, the use of banana trees: banana scab in the uncut crops on the ear to spray 200 times the equivalent of Bordeaux mixture and the bagging of the ear. IV. Precautions for the preparation and use of Bordeaux mixture 1. Preparation of quicklime must be of good quality. Do not use weathered lime. Lumpy lime can be stored in large cylinders or plastic bags for storage. If there is no lump lime, the lime used for construction can be filtered in the lime pond, but the surface layer should be removed and the amount should be doubled. 2. The copper sulphate dissolves slowly in cold water. In order to increase work efficiency, the copper sulphate can be completely dissolved with a small amount of hot water and the water can be added in full amount. The Bordeaux mixture needs to be used with it. It cannot be stored for too long. After 24 hours, it will undergo qualitative changes and should not be used. 3, can not be used to hold Bordeaux metal containers, after the sprayer used, it must be cleaned in time to avoid corrosion and damage. 4. Bordeaux liquid is a kind of fungicide mainly for prevention and protection. Spraying must be uniform and detailed. 5, cloudy, dew when spraying easy to produce phytotoxicity, it should not be cloudy or dew when spraying. 6, after the Bordeaux mixture, the polished buds will be placed in the liquid immersed in the knife for 1-2 minutes. After the knife is removed, if there is a dark brown copper ion on the knife, some lime water must be added to the liquid. Otherwise it is prone to phytotoxicity. 7. For fruit trees that have been sprayed with lime sulfur, petroleum emulsion or pine resin mixture, it takes 20 days to 1 month before the Bordeaux mixture can be used, otherwise phytotoxicity will occur. 8. Fruit trees that are prone to phytotoxicity should be used with caution. When applied, reference may be made to the sensitivity of the main fruit trees to pesticides. Such as peaches, plums, apricots, cherries, and other stone fruit trees, Bordardo liquid during the growth period is prone to phytotoxicity resulting in defoliation, the use of time and concentration, should pass a small area test, and then promote the use of a large area.