In order for tea plantations to thrive early in the year, it's essential to encourage the timely production of buds and shoots. Early budding not only ensures high yields but also maintains superior quality and minimizes contamination. This leads to strong demand in the morning market, making winter management a crucial step. As winter approaches, tea plants gradually enter dormancy, so proper care during this period is vital.
During the dormant phase, three key tasks should be carried out: pruning the tea trees, applying base fertilizer, and managing pests. These steps ensure that the coming year brings increased productivity and better returns.
1. **Tea Tree Pruning**: Pruning should be done between October of the first year and February of the next. The goal is to cut the top branches to create a flat or curved surface, typically trimming the tips by 5–15 cm. For irregular or weak branches—such as "chicken claw" branches, diseased, or thin ones—deep pruning is necessary. In older tea gardens where bud development is uneven and yield is low, a more severe pruning is recommended, cutting back to about 20 cm from the ground to stimulate new growth. For poor-quality or unproductive fields, old tea trees can be uprooted and replaced with high-quality varieties like Fuyu No. 9, Bai Millet 131, or Early White Tip, which are known for their excellent yield and quality.
2. **Base Fertilization**: To maintain the quality of tea buds, it’s important to use well-balanced organic fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A recommended mix includes 200 kg of livestock manure per acre, 50 kg of dried oil cake, and 50 kg of calcium phosphate. These ingredients should be thoroughly fermented before application. Before spreading the fertilizer, the soil should be lightly tilled to a depth of 10–20 cm without damaging the roots. Then, the fertilizer is placed in trenches along the drip line of the tea canopy, covered with soil, and compacted for optimal nutrient absorption.
3. **Pest and Disease Control**: Any infected or diseased tea plants should be removed and burned immediately. Old leaves and branches should be inspected for eggs or insects, and affected parts should be pruned and incinerated. After clearing the garden, a lime sulfur solution should be sprayed to prevent further infestation. It's critical to avoid the use of highly toxic or residue-prone pesticides. Instead, biopesticides approved by the government should be used, applied according to scientific guidelines. Strict attention must be paid to the safety interval to ensure the final product is clean, safe, and meets both domestic and international market standards, ultimately leading to greater economic returns.
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