In recent years, sea cucumber aquaculture has become the main emerging industry in the coastal areas of northern China, and it has become a dominant species in some shrimp ponds. Due to the high nutrition, high demand and high efficiency of sea cucumber, the scale of breeding has been continuously expanded and the farming model has been continuously increasing. The large-scale cultivation of sea cucumber in the coastal area of ​​Rizhao, Shandong Province started late. However, in view of the breeding conditions in recent years, there are some deficiencies in the process of breeding sea cucumber in the pond, causing some loss in production. The author believes that the following issues should be noted during the cultivation of sea cucumber in the pond for reference.
First, the choice of ponds is the basis for the success of sea cucumber breeding. The sea cucumber is a narrow-salted echinoderm. It requires that the salinity be stable for a long time. The pond should choose to avoid the place where the fresh water is injected into the estuary. The salinity range is preferably between 28 and 33, and at least 25 or more. At the same time, it is necessary to stay away from industrial pollution, especially oil pollution, and self-dissolution will occur as a result of oil contamination from thorns. In addition, the water depth of the pond should be adapted to local conditions and should be at least 1.2 meters, preferably 1.5 meters or more.
Second, choosing healthy seed quality and reasonable stocking density is the key to improving the survival rate of sea cucumber. The standard of healthy sea cucumber seedlings is: the body surface is clean, non-mucinous, the body stretches naturally, the spikes are sharp, the color is black and bright, the light is brilliant, the head and tail move freely, the food is fast, the activity is strong, and the defecation is more dry and sticky. . The source of sea cucumber seedlings mainly includes spring seedlings and autumn seedlings. Spring seedlings, generally 6 to 8 cm long, stocking time from April to May, stocking density 0.4 to 6,000 heads/mu; autumn seedlings, general body length 2 to 4 cm, stocking density 9 to 10 In the month, the stocking density was 0.5-0.8 thousand heads/mu. Stocking temperature is between 7~10°C.
Third, the construction of artificial reference reefs, can provide a good habitat for the growth of sea cucumber. Before the construction of artificial reference reefs, it is necessary to thoroughly dredge the bottom of the pool and remove silt from the bottom of the pool to prevent the excessive decomposition of organic matter at the bottom of the pool and result in asphyxiation of the sea cucumber. For the construction of artificial reference reefs, more materials are used, and all localities should be adapted to local conditions. In the construction process, the gap should be increased as much as possible to provide habitat space for sea cucumber. Artificial reefs do not occupy more than 1/3 of the pond area.
Fourth, strengthening day-to-day management is a guarantee for the success of sea cucumber aquaculture. The day-to-day management of sea cucumber stichopus culture includes: first, water quality management; second, bait feeding. Water quality requirements for the light yellow-green or light brown, pool water transparency 50 ~ 60 cm, PH value of 7.8 ~ 8.4, salinity to maintain more than 25 。. Change the water should master the following principles: 1. In the low-temperature period, less water can be changed or not changed; 2. The amount of water should be increased when the water quality deteriorates during the summer period; 3. The water is not changed immediately after the rainstorm or after the water source is polluted. Feeding of bait should be based on the density of stocking apostichopus japonicus. Under the condition of low density (within 1500 heads per acre), the benthic diatoms can be used to fertilize benthic diatoms to ensure that the food needed for growth of sea cucumber is not fed. In high-density artificial breeding conditions, the feeding amount should be determined according to the amount of benthic diatoms in the pond. The feeding amount generally accounts for 2% to 10% of the body weight of the sea cucumber, and the feeding time is in the evening, and the water temperature ranges from 5 to 20°C. Inside, the water temperature is higher than 20 °C, less than 5 °C without feeding, feeding is best used with food, feeding principle is rather less rather less, to prevent the residual bait rot corrupted water quality.
Fifth, timely harvest can increase the efficiency of breeding. Stichopus japonicus is generally more than 150 grams of product specifications. From April to May in spring, the body wall of Stichopus japonicus is hypertrophic, with high meat yield and high commodity value. However, at this time, it is the optimum temperature growth period of sea cucumber, so it is appropriate to harvest it before the summer thorns stop growing. Harvested fresh ginseng mainly processes dried ginseng. In addition, from January to February, during the Spring Festival of the New Year, there is a large market demand for fresh ginseng, and the market price is high, which can be harvested in an appropriate manner. At this time, the sea cucumbers harvested are mainly sold fresh.
First, the choice of ponds is the basis for the success of sea cucumber breeding. The sea cucumber is a narrow-salted echinoderm. It requires that the salinity be stable for a long time. The pond should choose to avoid the place where the fresh water is injected into the estuary. The salinity range is preferably between 28 and 33, and at least 25 or more. At the same time, it is necessary to stay away from industrial pollution, especially oil pollution, and self-dissolution will occur as a result of oil contamination from thorns. In addition, the water depth of the pond should be adapted to local conditions and should be at least 1.2 meters, preferably 1.5 meters or more.
Second, choosing healthy seed quality and reasonable stocking density is the key to improving the survival rate of sea cucumber. The standard of healthy sea cucumber seedlings is: the body surface is clean, non-mucinous, the body stretches naturally, the spikes are sharp, the color is black and bright, the light is brilliant, the head and tail move freely, the food is fast, the activity is strong, and the defecation is more dry and sticky. . The source of sea cucumber seedlings mainly includes spring seedlings and autumn seedlings. Spring seedlings, generally 6 to 8 cm long, stocking time from April to May, stocking density 0.4 to 6,000 heads/mu; autumn seedlings, general body length 2 to 4 cm, stocking density 9 to 10 In the month, the stocking density was 0.5-0.8 thousand heads/mu. Stocking temperature is between 7~10°C.
Third, the construction of artificial reference reefs, can provide a good habitat for the growth of sea cucumber. Before the construction of artificial reference reefs, it is necessary to thoroughly dredge the bottom of the pool and remove silt from the bottom of the pool to prevent the excessive decomposition of organic matter at the bottom of the pool and result in asphyxiation of the sea cucumber. For the construction of artificial reference reefs, more materials are used, and all localities should be adapted to local conditions. In the construction process, the gap should be increased as much as possible to provide habitat space for sea cucumber. Artificial reefs do not occupy more than 1/3 of the pond area.
Fourth, strengthening day-to-day management is a guarantee for the success of sea cucumber aquaculture. The day-to-day management of sea cucumber stichopus culture includes: first, water quality management; second, bait feeding. Water quality requirements for the light yellow-green or light brown, pool water transparency 50 ~ 60 cm, PH value of 7.8 ~ 8.4, salinity to maintain more than 25 。. Change the water should master the following principles: 1. In the low-temperature period, less water can be changed or not changed; 2. The amount of water should be increased when the water quality deteriorates during the summer period; 3. The water is not changed immediately after the rainstorm or after the water source is polluted. Feeding of bait should be based on the density of stocking apostichopus japonicus. Under the condition of low density (within 1500 heads per acre), the benthic diatoms can be used to fertilize benthic diatoms to ensure that the food needed for growth of sea cucumber is not fed. In high-density artificial breeding conditions, the feeding amount should be determined according to the amount of benthic diatoms in the pond. The feeding amount generally accounts for 2% to 10% of the body weight of the sea cucumber, and the feeding time is in the evening, and the water temperature ranges from 5 to 20°C. Inside, the water temperature is higher than 20 °C, less than 5 °C without feeding, feeding is best used with food, feeding principle is rather less rather less, to prevent the residual bait rot corrupted water quality.
Fifth, timely harvest can increase the efficiency of breeding. Stichopus japonicus is generally more than 150 grams of product specifications. From April to May in spring, the body wall of Stichopus japonicus is hypertrophic, with high meat yield and high commodity value. However, at this time, it is the optimum temperature growth period of sea cucumber, so it is appropriate to harvest it before the summer thorns stop growing. Harvested fresh ginseng mainly processes dried ginseng. In addition, from January to February, during the Spring Festival of the New Year, there is a large market demand for fresh ginseng, and the market price is high, which can be harvested in an appropriate manner. At this time, the sea cucumbers harvested are mainly sold fresh.
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