Seed breeding
Seed breeding with Chinese herbs is the most common. The seed breeding technology is simple and conducive to domestication and breeding of new varieties. However, the progeny of seed breeding are prone to variation, and flowering and seeding are later. In particular, the time required for seed propagation from woody Chinese herbal medicines is very long. Therefore, the breeding of improved varieties of Chinese herbal medicines is to accelerate the breeding of new and improved varieties in order to replace the old varieties that have been applied in production; and to maintain the good characteristics of new varieties to prevent mixing and degradation. For example, Yuan Hu's tuber splitters Yuan Hu and Zi Yuanhu must produce seedlings with high quality and high yield. Another example is Fritillaria, because the breeding coefficient is very low, in order to ensure the quality of the seeds, production often separates the production base of Fritillary and the seed breeding ground.
Nutrition breeding
Nutrient breeding accounts for about 35% of the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, such as rooting, ramets or breeding with bulbs, tubers, bulbs, etc. Some Chinese herbal medicines are very difficult to harvest seeds or seeds, such as Coptis chinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, etc., and nutrient breeding has been used in production. The use of nutrient breeding for Chinese herbal medicines is more rapid than that of seed breeding, with high yields, short growth periods, and the ability to maintain good female traits. If Fritillaria grows with a bulb for 1 year, it takes 5 years for the seed to be harvested. However, sometimes long-term nutritional breeding can easily lead to the degradation of varieties, such as dioscorea and yam. Attention must be paid to miscellaneous and degraded products at any time. The long-term breeding of gastrodia, the variety degradation is serious, with the breeding of gastrodia seeds (leaf mushroom bed method), growing stronger, which not only solves the problem of variety degradation, but also solves the lack of seed sources, increase production and quality.
Tissue culture
The tissue culture of Chinese medicinal materials is to put the separated Chinese herbal medicine tissues (sections of roots, stems, leaves, pieces, blocks, etc.) into a bottle containing a synthetic medium and grow or develop it under sterile operating conditions. . It utilizes the regenerative capacity of the body cells of Chinese herbal medicines to cultivate plants that maintain the intrinsic traits and characteristics of the original varieties, and is a modern and advanced technique for the rapid propagation of Chinese herbal medicines. In the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine (GAP) (Chinese medicinal material production quality management standard), tissue culture methods are commonly used to breed virus-free plants and produce pollution-free green Chinese medicinal materials. For example, the golden yellow farmyard variety, the virus-free seedlings obtained from the shoot apices are lighter in disease and higher in yield than the original varieties, and can rejuvenate varieties that have been degraded due to infection with viruses. Therefore, the application of biotechnology for the cultivation of fine varieties of Chinese herbal medicines (including multiple breeding and other breeding techniques) and the rapid propagation of clones, then the establishment of a large-scale production base according to the national GAP requirements is a fundamental solution to the quality problems of Chinese herbal medicines. One of the effective ways.
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