Gem grouper cage culture technology

(I) Site Conditions

(1) The sea area is less affected by factories and other sources of pollution.

(2) The flow of water in the sea area is smooth.

(3) The seedlings and feed sources are convenient.

(4) The salinity is relatively stable and is less affected by freshwater during the rainy season. The suitable salinity of grouper is above 21‰, and in the condition that the salinity is less than 16‰, the agitation frequency is 6-8 times higher than normal (normal agitation 14-18 times / min). The tolerance of pure fresh water is generally 15 to 20 minutes.

(5) Suitable water temperature. The normal water temperature of grouper is from 16 to 28°C. There is a slight difference in the coastal areas of South and North China. However, when the temperature is below 12°C, it stays lurking for almost the entire day and does not feed. Above 31°C, it leads to successive deaths.

(6) When the dissolved oxygen is above 510-6 and less than 310-6, the food intake of some fish is reduced, but when it is lower than 210-6, it is difficult to breathe and the feeding is stopped, resulting in suffocation and death.

(7) Suitable water depth and sediment. The bottom of the sediment is preferably a sandy bottom and the bottom is flat without stone. If it is a reef bottom, the cage is not easy to fix, and even the mesh is worn. The depth of the water in the cage area is required to be about 2 meters higher than the net at the time of large low tide, so that the bottoms contaminated by the residual baits and excreta do not affect the normal water quality of the cage because of the occurrence of low oxygen layers.

(B) The structure of the cage

It consists of four main parts: racks, floats, nets and fixtures. Each part of the raw materials, the size requirements must be adapted to local conditions, take the village on the spot. The size of the cage is currently 2.52.52.5 (m), 3.03.03.0 (m), 5.05.05 (m), and 10.010.08 (m).

The shape of cages is also rectangular, hexagonal, and circular. In southern China, most of them use relatively small squares and rectangular cages. Their operation is convenient, and they are suitable for families, collectives, mechanical equipment, and relatively simple units.

Grids and float buckets are also collectively called floating frames. The raw materials of the racks are round logs, wooden boards, bamboos, and steel pipes. Float can also be used for barrels, plastic buckets, foam blocks, floats, short bamboo bundles, etc.

Most of the nets use nylon mesh, polyethylene gel mesh, and metal mesh. There are two types of net cages: single-layer nets and double-layer nets. Double-layer nets have large external nets to facilitate the exchange of water bodies, but they have large investments and heavy nets. The size of the net is also determined by the size of the fish. It is generally 1.0 to 6.0 cm in size. The mesh is too small, the cost is high and the water flow is blocked. Large meshes also require large fish species.

(III) Daily management

(1) Stocking of fingerlings: Fish fingerlings cultured in cages should not be small in size. Large fish species specifications, absolute increase in the rate of meat, fast growth, can shorten the breeding cycle, improve the breeding efficiency of cages. Stocking densities vary depending on environmental conditions and the level of farming techniques. Generally, stockings are 2-3 cm in length and each cage can hold 2,000-3,000 tails. After intensive breeding for 1-2 months, fish stocks that are robust, fast-growing, and invigorating are selected for aquaculture. Each cage can contain 1,000-1,500 fish. Later, with the growth of the fish, it is advisable to divide the box and keep its density at 300 kg or less per cage.

(2) Feeding: Grouper is a carnivorous fish, and it is generally used as a bait. In the juvenile stage, the minced meat machine must be crushed into fish paste before it can be fed. Later, as the size of the fish increases, it can be cut into small pieces or large pieces. When the fish grows up, small individual and mixed shrimps can be fed directly. The amount of bait varies depending on the season and weather conditions. From April to November, the temperature and water temperature are relatively high, which is the main growth period of fish and the most vigorous season for feeding. At this time, the amount of feeding is generally 6-8% of the total fish body weight. From December to March of the following year, the temperature and temperature of the water are relatively low, and the fish eat less, and sometimes even do not eat. At this time, the amount of bait should be reduced so as not to waste food and pollute the water quality. For each group of 1 kg of common grouper, consume about 7 kg of bait (mixed fish and shrimp).

(3) Replacement of cages: Generally from juvenile fish farming to commercial fish, several cages with different mesh sizes are required. The principle of replacement is that the mesh is constantly increasing, and it is possible to keep the water flowing while avoiding fish. The common seedling stage uses a 0.5 cm mesh cloth. When the fish body grows to 6-8 cm in length, use a net with a mesh of 3 cm. When the fish body grows to a weight of 150-200 g, it is replaced with a net cloth with a mesh size of 5 cm. Replaced the net clothes, use copper sulfate solution to soak, remove attachments, ready for reuse. The method is to use 3-4 kg of copper sulfate, 10-15 liters of formic acid and 400 liters of fresh water, and then put the netcloth in the soak for 2-3 days and then rinse it. In addition, treatment with copper sulphate or bitumen before the use of the netting can reduce the growth of algae and other attachments and reduce management troubles.

(4) Removal of attachments: During the breeding process, the attachments of cages and floats should be promptly removed to prevent the meshes from being blocked and obstructing the flow of water, thus hindering the growth of fish. Clearing method can be used to wash the net wall periodically, but also flushing machine (water gun) to wash the net wall.

(5) Security check: The main problem is to check whether the cage is leaky or broken, and if the frame is firm, etc., a problem is found.

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