I. Impact of soil preparation quality on seedling quality and stress resistance The effect of soil preparation and seeding quality on wheat yield is unquestionable. From the winter of 2008 to the spring of 2009, the drought lasted more than 100 days, highlighting the effect of sowing quality on wheat seedlings, and on the drought resistance and cold resistance of wheat.
From the comparison with the major wheat producing provinces in northern China, the meteorological drought experienced by our province is worse than that of other provinces. However, the drought-resistance foundation of wheat in our province is better, mainly reflected in the following: The quality is relatively high. Although the wheat fields in the province are basically returned straw, the quality of returned fields is better through the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy. The second is the optimization of species layout. Due to droughts in Hebei Province over the past years, the drought resistance of the certified varieties has been rigorously appraised, and the varieties used have better drought resistance characteristics. Third, the sowing date and lyrical conditions are more appropriate. According to the technical requirements of “two nightsâ€, the province’s appropriate area for late planting accounts for 86.4% of the total sown area. Fourth, the basic seedlings are more abundant, which further enhances drought resistance. Therefore, in the most severe drought period in early February, the drought performance of wheat in our province was lighter than that of neighboring provinces and was less affected.
There are also different performances of plots from plots of different quality in the province or in different areas. At the beginning of February, wheat seedlings had different degrees of greenery. In wheat fields with high-quality tillage but without freezing water, although the surface layer of dry soil is thicker and the freeze-dried yellow leaves are more than the frozen water, the root growth is better and no dead seedlings occur. In the wheat field where the quality of soil preparation was poor and there was no frozen water, most of the above-ground leaves died of drought. The roots with lighter drought were still active, and the drought-heavier roots died. These conditions are more than enough to cause attention to the quality of sowing.
Second, to improve the quality of the soil preparation planting techniques in addition to timely late sowing, sufficient planting, reasonable fertilization, to ensure that the soil preparation, sowing quality also includes the following technical aspects:
(1) Because of the timing of the species, it is necessary to use a coated seed to determine a reasonable amount of seed, or to apply seed dressing before planting so as to control soil-borne, species-borne diseases and underground pests. The seed germination rate was accurately determined in batches before sowing, and the seeding amount was reasonably determined according to the characteristics of varieties, germination rate, sowing date and soil conditions. In the suitable sowing period, 200,000 basic seedlings are guaranteed per mu, equivalent to about 10 kilograms per acre. After the appropriate sowing date, 10,000 basic seedlings will be added for every 1 day delay, that is, 0.5 kg per acre. In addition, it is necessary to properly reduce the amount of good ground force, appropriately increase the seeding rate for poor soil fertility, appropriately reduce the early sowing, and appropriately increase the seeding rate at the late sowing date; the varieties with high tillering percentage and low spikes should be appropriately reduced; Increase the seeding rate.
(2) Agro-technics and agronomy facilities shall ensure that the quality of soil preparation shall be improved through the appropriate agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery hand training to improve the quality of straw smashing and field preparation. Immediately after the corn was harvested, the straw was crushed twice and the crushed length was not longer than 10 cm. After the straw is crushed and laid evenly, the base fertilizer is applied before sowing, and then the soil is prepared. Soil preparation method: If you have been continuously rotating and cultivating for more than 3 years, you should plow 20 cm deep. In the past three years, it has been ploughed twice, and it can be rotated twice to make the depth more than 15 cm to ensure the quality of rotary tillage. Deep plowing or rotary tilling should be promptly carried out or suppressed to avoid running. It is necessary to grasp the timing of rebellion and repression, and avoid the formation of embarrassment.
(III) Improving the sowing technique and improving the sowing quality For the multi-spike varieties suitable for planting in this province, the 15 cm and other equal distances are used to increase the number of sowing rows without increasing the seeding rate and basic seedlings. Improving the uniformity of fields, reducing evaporation of ineffective water, and making full use of light and hot water fertilizer resources. The depth of sowing should be controlled at 4 to 5 cm. The early sowing should be deeper, and the late sowing should be lighter. It is necessary to adjust the depth and seeding capacity of each seeder of the seeder so as to make it uniform and avoid the inconsistency and uneven density.
(4) Promote repressive techniques to ensure that drought resistance of strong seedlings is suppressed before sowing and repression after sowing. In the spring of 2009, when the drought was most severe, the pre-planting, post-seeding, and post-emergence camera repression had markedly improved springtime seedlings, cold resistance, and drought resistance, fully demonstrating the importance of repression. In the past, repression was common after sowing, and there was less repression before planting. According to the seedling condition under drought conditions this spring, it can be seen that the suppression of sowing before sowing is even more important to guarantee the quality of sowing under the condition of returning straw and rotating tillage than after sowing.
Pre-sowing repression refers to repression before planting after soil preparation, which can make the soil empty and empty, and avoid the soil from floating when the amount of returned straw is large. In this way, when the tractor drives the seeder to pass through, there is less sinking at the wheel, which ensures a uniform sowing depth and avoids uneven shade and uneven emergence.
Repression after sowing can increase the degree of adhesion between soil and seed, making it easier for seeds to absorb soil moisture and increase seedling rate and uniformity. In the case of large amount of straw returned or poor crushing quality, or excessive crushing, or lack of lye, the repression after sowing can significantly improve the above-mentioned deficiencies, improve the ability of wheat to fight drought, and facilitate the initiative for management after sowing. Therefore, we should do a good job of repression after sowing. The timing of repression after sowing is very important: sunny days, sowing at midday, slightly less sensational, immediately repress; morning, evening or cloudy sowing, good sensation can be suppressed later. The lyrics are particularly adequate and can be suppressed by the camera even after emergence.
From the comparison with the major wheat producing provinces in northern China, the meteorological drought experienced by our province is worse than that of other provinces. However, the drought-resistance foundation of wheat in our province is better, mainly reflected in the following: The quality is relatively high. Although the wheat fields in the province are basically returned straw, the quality of returned fields is better through the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy. The second is the optimization of species layout. Due to droughts in Hebei Province over the past years, the drought resistance of the certified varieties has been rigorously appraised, and the varieties used have better drought resistance characteristics. Third, the sowing date and lyrical conditions are more appropriate. According to the technical requirements of “two nightsâ€, the province’s appropriate area for late planting accounts for 86.4% of the total sown area. Fourth, the basic seedlings are more abundant, which further enhances drought resistance. Therefore, in the most severe drought period in early February, the drought performance of wheat in our province was lighter than that of neighboring provinces and was less affected.
There are also different performances of plots from plots of different quality in the province or in different areas. At the beginning of February, wheat seedlings had different degrees of greenery. In wheat fields with high-quality tillage but without freezing water, although the surface layer of dry soil is thicker and the freeze-dried yellow leaves are more than the frozen water, the root growth is better and no dead seedlings occur. In the wheat field where the quality of soil preparation was poor and there was no frozen water, most of the above-ground leaves died of drought. The roots with lighter drought were still active, and the drought-heavier roots died. These conditions are more than enough to cause attention to the quality of sowing.
Second, to improve the quality of the soil preparation planting techniques in addition to timely late sowing, sufficient planting, reasonable fertilization, to ensure that the soil preparation, sowing quality also includes the following technical aspects:
(1) Because of the timing of the species, it is necessary to use a coated seed to determine a reasonable amount of seed, or to apply seed dressing before planting so as to control soil-borne, species-borne diseases and underground pests. The seed germination rate was accurately determined in batches before sowing, and the seeding amount was reasonably determined according to the characteristics of varieties, germination rate, sowing date and soil conditions. In the suitable sowing period, 200,000 basic seedlings are guaranteed per mu, equivalent to about 10 kilograms per acre. After the appropriate sowing date, 10,000 basic seedlings will be added for every 1 day delay, that is, 0.5 kg per acre. In addition, it is necessary to properly reduce the amount of good ground force, appropriately increase the seeding rate for poor soil fertility, appropriately reduce the early sowing, and appropriately increase the seeding rate at the late sowing date; the varieties with high tillering percentage and low spikes should be appropriately reduced; Increase the seeding rate.
(2) Agro-technics and agronomy facilities shall ensure that the quality of soil preparation shall be improved through the appropriate agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery hand training to improve the quality of straw smashing and field preparation. Immediately after the corn was harvested, the straw was crushed twice and the crushed length was not longer than 10 cm. After the straw is crushed and laid evenly, the base fertilizer is applied before sowing, and then the soil is prepared. Soil preparation method: If you have been continuously rotating and cultivating for more than 3 years, you should plow 20 cm deep. In the past three years, it has been ploughed twice, and it can be rotated twice to make the depth more than 15 cm to ensure the quality of rotary tillage. Deep plowing or rotary tilling should be promptly carried out or suppressed to avoid running. It is necessary to grasp the timing of rebellion and repression, and avoid the formation of embarrassment.
(III) Improving the sowing technique and improving the sowing quality For the multi-spike varieties suitable for planting in this province, the 15 cm and other equal distances are used to increase the number of sowing rows without increasing the seeding rate and basic seedlings. Improving the uniformity of fields, reducing evaporation of ineffective water, and making full use of light and hot water fertilizer resources. The depth of sowing should be controlled at 4 to 5 cm. The early sowing should be deeper, and the late sowing should be lighter. It is necessary to adjust the depth and seeding capacity of each seeder of the seeder so as to make it uniform and avoid the inconsistency and uneven density.
(4) Promote repressive techniques to ensure that drought resistance of strong seedlings is suppressed before sowing and repression after sowing. In the spring of 2009, when the drought was most severe, the pre-planting, post-seeding, and post-emergence camera repression had markedly improved springtime seedlings, cold resistance, and drought resistance, fully demonstrating the importance of repression. In the past, repression was common after sowing, and there was less repression before planting. According to the seedling condition under drought conditions this spring, it can be seen that the suppression of sowing before sowing is even more important to guarantee the quality of sowing under the condition of returning straw and rotating tillage than after sowing.
Pre-sowing repression refers to repression before planting after soil preparation, which can make the soil empty and empty, and avoid the soil from floating when the amount of returned straw is large. In this way, when the tractor drives the seeder to pass through, there is less sinking at the wheel, which ensures a uniform sowing depth and avoids uneven shade and uneven emergence.
Repression after sowing can increase the degree of adhesion between soil and seed, making it easier for seeds to absorb soil moisture and increase seedling rate and uniformity. In the case of large amount of straw returned or poor crushing quality, or excessive crushing, or lack of lye, the repression after sowing can significantly improve the above-mentioned deficiencies, improve the ability of wheat to fight drought, and facilitate the initiative for management after sowing. Therefore, we should do a good job of repression after sowing. The timing of repression after sowing is very important: sunny days, sowing at midday, slightly less sensational, immediately repress; morning, evening or cloudy sowing, good sensation can be suppressed later. The lyrics are particularly adequate and can be suppressed by the camera even after emergence.
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