The yield of cucumbers in protected areas is high, and the output value is also high. It is the main crop for protected land. However, in the process of production fertilization, there are often many misunderstandings that not only affect the cucumber yield, but also affect the quality and efficiency. Based on years of production experience, the author summarizes the following misunderstandings and proposes improvements.
First, the application of unrefined organic fertilizer
During the stacking of organic fertilizers, a large number of microbial activities break down the organic matter of macromolecules into small molecules that cucumbers can absorb and use. Decomposed organic fertilizer contains a large number of microorganisms. The activities of these microorganisms can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens in the soil and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The application of unrefined organic fertilizer not only cannot timely supplement the nutrient required for cucumber, but also the activity of microorganisms competes with cucumber for fertilizer and burns root. In addition, some pests, germs and viruses that live on organic matter and are parasitic in plant tissues are often brought into the field with fertilization. When outside conditions are suitable, activities begin to harm the cucumber. Therefore, the applied organic fertilizer must be subjected to high temperature stacking.
Second, the organic fertilizer is used less, excessive use of chemical fertilizers
To obtain high yields of cucumbers, organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be rationally used. Organic manure is a huge source of nutrition for cucumber, which can increase the content of multiple nutrients in the soil, improve soil physical and chemical properties, prevent soil compaction, improve soil detoxification effect, and purify the soil environment, so the application amount of organic fertilizer can not be reduced. The application of chemical fertilizers should be applied in batches during various growth periods in accordance with the demand of cucumbers, thereby facilitating the effective use of nutrients, and avoiding excessive application of nutrients, resulting in loss of nutrients, pollution of water sources, and deterioration of the soil environment.
Third, do not respect the growth of cucumber, free fertilization
The nutrient demand and the nutrient types absorbed during the lifetime of a cucumber are different. The requirement of nitrogen is the most during the growth period of cucumber. Phosphorus plays an important role in the development of cucumber roots, leaves and seeds. Cucumber is sensitive to potassium. The lack of potassium in early stage has a greater impact on grain yield than the late period. Don't get melons. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as base fertilizers and top-dressing fertilizers. The effect of fertilization is very obvious, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in a balanced manner throughout the growth period.
Fourth, do not pay attention to formula fertilization, lack of micro-fertilizer
Although the application of organic manure supplements soil nutrients and increases the trace elements in the soil, today's high multiple cropping index of cultivars is far from meeting the needs of cucumber growth, especially during the entire growing season. However, if too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the absorption of other nutrient elements by cucumber will be affected, leading to the occurrence of deficiency diseases and the reduction of cucumber yield and quality. Therefore, in the entire growth period of cucumber, it is necessary to pay attention to formula fertilization, it is best to use soil testing and formula fertilization and foliar supplement application of micro-fertilizer.
5. Water immediately after applying urea
Urea is an amido ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. It can be converted into ammonium bicarbonate after it is applied to the soil and absorbed by cucumber. Watering immediately after application will make urea water loss and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, in the application of urea according to the development of the cucumber on the need for fertilizer and water, early application, deep application, can improve the utilization ratio of 28%.
Sixth, calcium magnesium phosphate base fertilizer on the base soil
Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are weakly acidic fertilizers that are insoluble in water and can be gradually converted to water-soluble phosphates that are absorbed by the crop roots under weak acidic conditions. Applying on alkaline soil can't solve the urgent need of the cucumber seedlings for phosphorus, and it is easy to cause phosphorus deficiency.
Seven, superphosphate surface spread fertilizer
Phosphorus is less mobile in the soil, moving in the range of 1-3 centimeters, so the surface treatment is difficult to transmit to the roots of cucumber, no effect of phosphorus supplementation.
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