To fertilize fruit trees, there is a metaphor for "Autumn gold, winter silver, spring fertilization is rotten iron." Autumn is the flower bud differentiation stage of fruit trees, fruit enlargement also requires a lot of nutrients. Fertilization in autumn is of great significance for restoring tree vigor, improving soil structure and fertility, promoting accumulation of nutrients in fruit trees, increasing the concentration of tissue fluid, and increasing the ability of the tree to resist freezing and freezing.
First, the principle of autumn fertilization
1, autumn Shijifei should be carried out immediately after picking fruit and clear garden. Early maturing varieties are carried out after fruit harvesting, and mid-to-late-maturing varieties may be carried out before fruit harvesting. No later than one month before the defoliation of fruit trees.
2. In the autumn, fertilization should be dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers, so that the combination of soil and support can be improved, and the slow-effect and quick-effect complement each other.
3, fertilizer to formula fertilization, should not be applied too much available nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise easily lead to winter shoots. At the same time, it is necessary to rationally apply trace elements. The application of calcium fertilizer can reduce the incidence of diseases such as soft rot of fruit trees, improve fruit quality, and facilitate the storage and transportation of fruits. Because the reduction of photosynthesis after bagging of fruit trees is not conducive to the absorption of calcium by fruits, attention should be paid to the application of calcium fertilizer. . The application of boron fertilizer can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and yield of fruit trees, and has a significant effect on the control of fruit tree shrinkage. The application of zinc fertilizer has a significant effect on the treatment of lobular disease in fruit trees.
Second, the amount of fertilizer and application methods
1, the amount of fertilizer. Organic manure should be fully decomposed. According to the production of 1 kilogram of fruit, 2-3 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer should be applied. It is appropriate to apply 3000-5000 kilograms per acre. Fertilizers should be based on the age of the trees. Under normal circumstances, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to young trees per year is 0.2-0.5 kg of pure nitrogen, and the ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O is 1:1.2-1.3:1; the resulting tree is generally topdressed with pure nitrogen for every 100 kg of fruit produced. 1 kg, 0.5-0.8 kg of pure phosphorus (P2O5), and 1 kg of pure potassium (K2O) (Conversion method: Recommended effective amount of quantified fertilizer for fertilization = quantity to be fertilized, such as 6 kg for urea, fertilizing amount = 646% = 13 kg; the recommended fertilization amount for applying potassium sulfate is 5 kg and the fertilizing amount = 550% = 13 kg).
2. When applying furrows, dig circular, radial and other fertilization furrows in the canopy, with a furrow depth of 40-50 cm. The furrow width should be determined by the amount of fertilization, and the furrows should be flat. Before fertilizing, the roots exposed in the trenches should be leveled along the trench walls. Cuts must be smoothed to prevent root mold from decaying. When fertilizing, fertilizer should be applied layer by layer, leaves and weeds should be placed on the bottom layer, fertilizer should be placed on the middle layer, organic fertilizer should be placed on the top layer, and each layer of fertilizer should be coated with a layer of soil. Finally, the fertilizer should be higher than the ground 25-30. cm.
3, cast method. The adult orchards can be plated by the method of splitting the topsoil on one side of the plant. The trunk should be shallow (8–10 cm) when the soil is used, and deep (40–60 cm) away from the tree trunk. Fertilizer, then covered with soil.
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