Core Tip: Environmental Control Technology for Closed Pighouses in Winter With the rapid development of the pig industry, there are more and more specialized households using closed hogs to raise pigs in winter, which increases indoor temperature, reduces feed consumption, and increases pig-raising efficiency. To a certain extent. However, because some professional households neglected the adjustment and control of other environmental factors, they inevitably brought about some side effects, which affected the improvement of pig-raising efficiency.
1, ventilation
Regardless of the size of the pig house or the number of pigs, it is essential to keep the air in the house fresh and well ventilated. This problem is particularly important in high-density pig houses. Because the ventilation is not good, there will be a large number of harmful gases such as ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide released at any time, and overflow in the entire pig house, affecting the normal growth and development of pigs and causing a variety of diseases. Therefore, the production should be ventilated between 11 am and 1 pm every day for about half an hour. An exhaust fan can also be provided on the wall of the pig house so that the dirty air inside the house can be rapidly discharged at any time. In winter, pay close attention to the ventilation system. Do not cause thieves to wind or reduce the temperature inside the house too low, causing diseases such as porcine arthritis, colds, and pneumonia.
2, light
Ample and reasonable lighting ensures the healthy growth of pigs, which is very important for breeding pigs. Because sufficient light is beneficial to the development of bones, it is particularly good for the prevention of breast milk suckling sows.
3, drinking water
Water is very important for pig production. The consequences of water shortage are often more serious than those of lack of water. Water participates in the whole metabolic process of the body. It has irreplaceable effects on regulating body temperature, nutrient operation, digestion, absorption, and waste elimination. Drinking water in winter is about 2 to 3 times that of pigs eating dried air, or about 10% of body weight. To provide enough clean drinking water for pigs, a water tank or automatic drinker can be set in the pig house, or warm water can be added in the trough after feeding. However, you should not use diluted feeds instead of drinking water. Because feeding a dilute feed will dilute the digestion of the digestive juice, weaken the chewing function, and reduce feed intake, affecting normal growth and development.
4, temperature
The most suitable temperature for pigs is 8～20°C. The temperature is too high or too low to be beneficial to growth and development. To maintain a proper temperature in the pig house, care should be taken to keep warm in the winter. The doors and windows of pig houses should be covered with grass curtains at night or in windy snow days. When conditions allow, the pighouse can be covered with plastic film, which will help increase the temperature of the house and increase the light. It can also use corn stalks outside the northern wall of the pig house. Take the wind barrier wall, rush the grass and wind and keep the wind cold; also add rice husks, sawdust, etc. as a cold-proof layer on the ceiling of the ceiling; dig half a meter deep pit on the ground, and pave the soft grass so that the pig can drill inside to keep warm.
5, humidity
The thermal conductivity of moist air is 10 times that of dry air. If the humidity in the house is too high, the heat that the pig body emits will increase, causing pigs to become colder and cause diseases such as eczema. In order to prevent the pig house from being wet, the house should be changed frequently for dry soil and bedding, and the pigs should be trained to defecate urine to ensure that the pig is clean and dry. Production can be used to reduce the humidity inside the house by placing lime blocks.
6, stress
In winter, the climate is cold and the pigs are very sensitive to stress. In case of stress, the growth of pigs will be hindered and feed consumption will increase. Therefore, to keep the pig house and the surrounding environment quiet, the keepers should wear a fixed work clothes, and the staff should not enter the pig house to block the rat hole in the pig house, and regularly discharge the baits outside the house to eliminate rats and prevent cats and dogs. Rats enter the pig house and it is strictly forbidden to set fireworks and firecrackers around the pig house. Feed processing and loading and unloading should be far away from the pig house. This can not only prevent noise stress, but also prevent cross infection of pig diseases.
7, density
Increasing the stocking density helps to increase the temperature inside the house. Normal winter can be increased by 1/3 to 1/2 of the number of pigs, so that pigs sleep one at a time and warm to each other's body temperature. Because there are many pigs, there will be more heat and the temperature will be increased accordingly.
8, feeding
Feeding the dry material can prevent freezing of the wet feed during winter and allow the pig to feed freely at any time to ensure that each pig can eat well. It is advisable to spread the dry material upwards in the pig trough or in the pig house, and feed it 3 times a day. It is advisable to leave a small amount of food in the trough.
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