First, 30 days before delivery
In the 30 days before delivery, the weight of the uterus contents (fetus, fetal clothing, and uterus) soars, and the metabolic intensity of the pregnant cow is high. At the same time, the pregnant cow is preparing for lactation because the delivery is approaching, and the pregnant cow will undergo a series of physiological changes. Nutrients Requirements increase, the dry matter in the diet should be 3% of the weight of the pregnant cow, the crude protein content is 30% more than the maintenance requirement, the calcium content is 80-90 grams, the phosphorus content is 35-40 grams, and the dry matter ratio of the crude concentrate feed Should be adjusted from 65:35 to 60:40.
1. Concentrate formulation: The raw material used for dairy cows in China is generally 5%-8% of average crude protein, 600-650 kg and 500-550 kg dairy cows are formulated with the following formula: corn 52% Bean cake 34%, bran 13% and corn 44%, bean cake 48%, bran 7%, salt and sodium bicarbonate are 1%.
2, diet composition: weight 600-650 kg and 500-550 kg of dairy cows, dry milk late in the day each feed concentrate 3 kg, medium-leaned 3-3.5 kg of grass, 18 kg of silage corn and 3 kg of refined material, Moderate Leymus 2.5-3 kg and silage corn 17 kg.
The above formula added 83 mg of copper sulfate, 571 mg of zinc sulfate, 6.1 mg of cobalt chloride, 2.6 mg of calcium iodate, and 2.6 mg of sodium selenite per kilogram of dried milk cow's formula. Vitamin A1600 international unit was added per kilogram of dry matter. Vitamin D4000 International Unit, Vitamin E70 International Unit. A comprehensive calculation of calcium intake of not less than 20 grams per cow per day can effectively prevent postpartum spasms.
3. Feeding techniques: To prevent the occurrence of atrophic shifts, the reasonable length of hay in the diet is 2-3 cm. In recent years, domestic and foreign trials have shown that if the total nutritional level in the dry dairy cow's diet is increased by 3-5 kilograms of standard milk nutrients on the basis of maintenance, the average daily weight gain can be kept at 0.35 in the dry milk period when fed with dietary supplements. -0.5 kg, which has obvious effect on the genetic potential of the next milk production, prevention of nutritional metabolic diseases such as ketosis, digestive dysfunction, wrinkle dislocation and ruminal insufficiency.
In the management, skilled workers should be responsible for the care and observe the nutritional status of the cows and changes in the breasts. According to the nutritional status and significant breast expansion, determine the addition and subtraction and adjust the feeding level. The delivery room should be dry, clean, warm, soft, and easily digestible.
Second, post-natal 70 days
During the dairy cow's lactation 70 days after childbirth, 50% of milk production is produced within 120 days after delivery. The postpartum breast gradually softens, the secretion of prolactin in the body gradually increases, the mammary gland functions increasingly vigorously, the milk production increases, the appetite is normal, and the feed intake increases. It is generally believed that the peak period of milk production is 6-8 weeks after delivery, while the peak of feed intake is about 11-12 weeks after delivery, and the peaks are separated by 4-5 weeks. At the same time, during this period, it must also be timely bred, due to the large consumption, weight loss is obvious, therefore, feeding and management should be strict, ensure milk production, reduce weight loss and timely conception.
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