First, the significance of fruit tree fertilization in autumn is:
1, is conducive to restoring tree vigor. After the harvest, the fruit trees will be top-dressed in the fall, which will be able to supplement the nutrients of the tree in time, promote rooting and restore the tree vigor.
2, is conducive to improving soil structure and fertility. The orchards in mountainous and hilly areas are generally thin in soil and low in organic matter content. Fertilization in autumn is beneficial to improve soil water conservation and fertility conservation.
3, help to enhance the ability of the body to prevent freezing and cold. After the fall, the soil temperature is generally around 20°C, so the root-cutting wounds of digging holes are easy to heal, and the long roots and the number of hairy roots are abundant. In addition, the green-green materials for autumn fertilization are rich, and the excavation is also relatively easy. Into some of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium available fertilizer, is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, increase the concentration of tissue cells, enhance the ability to prevent freezing and cold.
Second, fertilization in the fall must master the following technical points:
1. Autumn basal fertilization should be 2 to 3 months ahead of winter basal fertilization. It should be carried out immediately after picking fruit and clear gardens.
2. In autumn, basal fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizers and supplemented by chemical fertilizers, so that the combination of soil and support can be improved, and the delayed effects and quick effects can complement each other. The application of fertilizers should pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and it is not appropriate to use too much available nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause winter shoots. At the same time, it is necessary to apply trace elements in a targeted manner. In mature fruit trees, 60-80 kg of organic fertilizer, 150 g of urea, 3-4 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate were applied to each plant. 3, fertilization method can be used trench method can also be used disk method. During the furrow application, a fertilization ditch such as a ring, a rectangle, or an arc is formed at the position of the canopy drip line. The ditch depth is 40-50 cm. The width of the ditch should be determined by the amount of fertilizer and the ditch should be flat. Spread the dry fertilizer in the ditch after watering, and cover the soil immediately after the water is dry. Before fertilizing, the roots exposed in the trenches should be leveled along the trench walls. Cuts must be smoothed to prevent root mold from decaying. When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be applied layer by layer. The coarse fertilizer such as leaves and weeds should be placed on the bottom layer. The top layer should be filled with organic fertilizer. Each layer of fertilizer should be coated with a layer of soil. Finally, the fertilizer should be 25-30 cm above the ground. Due to the staggered distribution of roots in adult orchard soils, discs can be applied by spreading the topsoil on the side of the plant along the spacing or spacing of the plants. When the soil is near the trunk, it should be shallow (8 - 10 cm) and farther away from the trunk. Should be deep (40-60 cm), then apply dry fertilizer and then cover the soil.
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