German high-resolution X-rays detect tumors less than 1 mm in diameter

Release date: 2015-12-22

For the first time, German scientists combined laser-driven X-rays with phase contrast tomography to obtain high-resolution three-dimensional images of biological tissues. This technology is expected to be used in medicine to detect tumors less than 1 mm in diameter.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, the University of Munich, and the Technical University of Munich used X-rays generated in laser pulses to scan insects that were only a few millimeters in size to obtain an extremely fine three-dimensional structure of the creature. This experiment is groundbreaking. It is the first time that laser-driven X-rays are used in so-called phase contrast tomography, which uses radiation to refract objects and accurately reveal their shape. Using this method, researchers can image structures from ten to one micron in size, which is equivalent to one-tenth or one-hundredth of the diameter of a human hair.

High-resolution X-rays can be used for early diagnosis of tumors. Tumor tissue is slightly less dense than healthy tissue, and the technique is able to resolve differences in tissue density and can be detected when the tumor is less than 1 mm in the early stages. But before the actual application, physicists must further improve the technology, and must shorten the wavelength of X-rays in order to penetrate the thicker tissue layer.

The results were published in the recent Nature Newsletter.

Source: Global Times

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