The new amount of shrimp is commonly known as "base shrimp". Its shell is thin and fat, and its meat is delicious and tender. It has a wide range of adaptability to salinity and can be domesticated in freshwater ponds. It is a promising new breed of sea shrimp.
Its suitable growth water temperature is 17-32°C, and winter water temperature can drop to 5-6°C to survive. Its feeding habit is omnivorous animal feeding. In the larval stage, similar to other shrimps, the shrimps are dominated by predatory copepods and polychaetes. They also feed on bivalves, organic detritus and benthic organisms. Sediments are commonly found in sediments and have potentials. The end of habit.
The shrimp has the characteristics of wide adaptability to salinity, large adaptability to water temperature, miscellaneous feeding, and low oxygen tolerance. According to the research and test of the Jingfang Aquaculture Farm in Hangzhou in recent years, the yield per mu can reach 75 to 100 kilograms and the economic benefit can reach 5000 to 6000 yuan/mu. Therefore, the shrimp is welcomed by domestic and foreign markets. The freshwater pond aquaculture technology of the new amount of shrimp (hereinafter abbreviated as the base shrimp) is summarized and discussed as follows:
I. Selection of pond selection pond address requires adequate water supply, good water quality, solid soil quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, and the specific requirements are as follows: 1. Site selection: Basically similar to the ponds of giant shrimp and shrimp. 2, shrimp pond conditions: 2-3 acres is appropriate, water depth 1.2-1.5 meters, rectangular is better. The bottom of the pool is flat with a slope of 1.2-2.2. Each pond is equipped with water pumps and aerators. The water inlet is filtered with a mesh bag made of 60-80 mesh sieve cloth to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the shrimp ponds. The water outlets are closed to prevent shrimps from fleeing.
Second, preparation before stocking
1, clear pond: The newly opened shrimp ponds, as long as the exposure of 2-3 days to enter the water, the old pond will need to silt exposure of a winter, clean the pond edge weeds, and to strictly clear the pond. Method: Put 15-30 days before the shrimp seedlings, per acre with 100-150 kg of lime slurry after Quanchiposa disinfection.
2. Cultivate basic bait: After 7-10 days of clear pond, 7-10 days before planting, the pond should be injected with 50-60 cm of fresh water. Then, select the fertilizer to be applied on sunny days to cultivate the biological feed in the pond. Fermented organic fertilizer 100-150 kilograms or the application of inorganic fertilizer, 2 kilograms of urea per acre or 1 kilogram of superphosphate, the whole pool evenly spilled, and the use of inorganic fertilizers need to apply the same amount every other day.
3. Transplanting aquatic plants: transplant a circle of water peanut or water spinach in the shallow water 1-1.2 meters away from the pool, covering 20% ​​to 25% of the water surface. Note: Water peanuts must be disinfected with 10-15ppm bleach prior to transplantation.
Third, seed stocking
1. Seed desalination: At present, most of the species used for aquaculture are factory production. Generally speaking, the proportion of seawater for nursery use is about 1.015-1.020. To move to freshwater, breeding must first be domesticated. Therefore, the key to the success of freshwater aquaculture is the desalination of shrimp. In the process of desalination, nurseries and nurseries manufacturers should be gradual and progressive. After analyzing and summarizing the production practices over the past few years, the shrimp seedlings must be reduced to the proportion of 1.003-1.005 before they can be moved directly into freshwater ponds for cultivation. Generally, the desalination takes 10-15 days.
2, seed quality: Requirements seed body length 0.7-1.0 cm, physical fitness, strong bouncing, clean and tidy appearance. The water temperature in the seedling pool should be close to the water temperature in the culture pond, and the temperature difference must not differ by 3°C.
3, the number of seedlings and stocking time:
Specially cultivated base shrimp, body length of 0.7-1.0 cm of shrimp, stocking capacity of 3-4 million per acre, and fish polyculture, it is best to stocking temporary raising seedlings, body length 1.5-2.0 cm. The stocking capacity is generally 1-1.5 thousand tails/mu. If the density of fish ponds is higher, it should be reduced according to actual conditions. Restocking time: The restocking time in Jiangsu and Zhejiang is generally in the middle and early June of each year, and the southern Guangdong and Guangxi regions can be appropriately advanced according to the climate water temperature.
IV. Rearing Management After the shrimps are stocked and put into ponds, they are mainly water quality management, feeding management and daily management.
1. Water quality management: The shrimp pond water quality requires a PH value of 7-8, and dissolved oxygen should not be lower than 4mg/L. The water color should be yellow-green. The transparency should be controlled at 30-40 cm. The pre-stocking period should add water every 2-3 days. 6 centimeters, added to the highest water level during the summer high temperature season to keep the water fresh and stable, and usually do regular water changes to improve water quality and ensure fresh water during the whole cultivation period.
2. Feeding management: Shrimp seedlings mainly rely on planktonic planktons or supplemented with less fine grain foods within one month of the shrimp ponds. One month later, they are fed with artificial diets (Mushroom feed), and the daily feeding amount Usually 4-6%. During the growing season, the conditional areas will be supplemented with some snails and other small-sized miscellaneous fish. The amount of bait should be flexibly adjusted according to the season, water temperature, climate and water quality. If the water temperature is between 25 and 30°C, the shrimp around the base will inevitably feed. In order to ensure its rapid growth, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to feed more food and properly add additives such as 3-5% of vitamins and bone powder to the feed. In order to ensure the nutrient requirement for shrimp growth, it is necessary to master the principle of “few times†in conjunction with bait feeding. Generally, it is fed 3-4 times a day, and it is best to set up 1-2 bait stations to check the feeding conditions. There is no residual bait left.
3, daily management:
(1) Adhere to the morning and the evening patrol ponds: Morning and evening patrol ponds are one of the most important technical measures in shrimp pond management. The main contents include: Observe whether there is an oxygen-depleted floating head phenomenon, and find that the floating heads of shrimps should be immediately filled with new water or turned on oxygen. When visiting the pond, it is necessary to check whether the water inlet net bag and the anti-escape net are damaged, prevent wild fish, fish or shrimp from fleeing, and inspect the shrimp for feeding, shelling and growth.
(2) Disease prevention and control: Adhere to the principle of “prevention and preventionâ€. During the entire cultivation period, we should do regular spillage of raw stone water. Usually, every 10 to 20 days, 10-15ppm of lime water shall be splashed across the pond in order to kill germs and drive off predators. , At the same time can add calcium, is conducive to shelling shrimp growth, in addition, feeding 40-50 large, if the pool of enemy pests gradually increased, the mid-clear pond must be carried out in time for the exclusive support base shrimp shrimp can be used rape cake or vegetable For example, the dosage is 8-10 grams per cubic meter of water. When it is used, it is crushed, soaked in water for 10-12 hours, and the whole water of the juice can be sprinkled, which will kill the wild fish in the pool. Affects the normal life and growth of shrimp around the base.
(3) Make a diary: establish a record management system during aquaculture. Record the amount of bait every day. Water temperature, water change, water injection, shrimp growth, etc., in order to identify problems and take timely technical measures.
Fifth, the collection and collection time of harvested shrimps depends on the growth conditions and market demand of shrimps. Generally 80 to 100 days in a freshwater pond, it can reach a commercial size of 7-10 cm long, and can be carried out by means of round catching. In southern Guangxi and Guangxi, according to local climatic conditions, it can be cultivated for two seasons a year. It can be collected from mid-July to early August so that the shrimp in the next season can have enough development period. Common collection methods:
1. Cage trapping: The cage is generally put down in the evening and the cage is picked up in the next morning. This type of harvesting method can be listed one after another.
2. Pull nets to catch shrimp: Use nets to catch shrimp in a shrimp pond with a flat bottom. General continuous pull three nets from the capture rate of up to 50-70%. According to the habit of strong ability of shrimp at dusk or before dawn, but also taking into account the timely catch up with the morning market, selling a good price, generally shrimp at 8 to 10 pm, the effect is better.
3, dry ponds to catch shrimp: When the water temperature drops below 15°C, shrimps basically stop feeding and growing. After catching by the above two methods, they should actively go on the market according to market needs. The fishing method is to drain water for dry pond fishing. .
Sixth, related issues
1. Advantages of freshwater pond rearing: Freshwater pond rearing shrimps are highly developed due to their wide adaptability to salinity, miscellaneous food, tender and delicious taste, and high economic value. Therefore, the shrimp farming prospect and market are promising. Potential new breeding breeds.
2. The freshwater aquaculture of seawater shrimp ponds is highly technical, so the risk of aquaculture is also high. Local aquaculture units should actively and steadily develop aquaculture-based shrimp in accordance with local conditions and conditions. The success of freshwater aquaculture based on shrimp depends on the desalination of shrimp.
3. Water quality management is one of the important factors for the production and survival rate of adult shrimp. In the entire aquaculture process of shrimp, water quality should always be guaranteed. Specific indicators are reflected in water temperature, dissolved oxygen (PH), transparency, etc. The units should try their best to keep them within proper scope through daily monitoring. The main technical measures are to ensure that morning and evening time-drifting ponds are regularly used, and regular water changes are implemented to improve water quality. This will not only ensure that shrimp fish do not float but also make Shrimp has a good water quality environment that grows quickly.
4. A good pond ecological environment is a strong guarantee for the high yield and high efficiency of shrimps. Shrimp ponds are 2 to 3 acres, and they should have a certain slope. Slope should be appropriate, too steep can not guarantee that there is enough oxygen-enriched area, if the slope is too slow, the feeding is too wide and scattered, and the feed is wasted. According to the trial situation of Jingfang Aquaculture Farm, if the ecological breeding base is used, the electricity cost per acre can be saved. 200-300 yuan, which has served to increase production and efficiency.
5. Although the “Study on Freshwater Aquaculture Technology of Seawater Shrimp†passed the technical appraisal of the Municipal Committee of Science and Technology in Hangzhou in December 1998, the technology and level of freshwater pond aquaculture are at the leading domestic level, and good social and economic benefits have also been achieved. However, many technical problems and difficulties have also been encountered in the breeding process. For example, the survival rate of shrimp in freshwater ponds is not high, and the yield is far lower than that of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and freshwater prawns. The growth rate is relatively slow, and the maximum size is only about 10 centimeters. All these problems have yet to be further explored and explored by fishery science and technology workers.
Its suitable growth water temperature is 17-32°C, and winter water temperature can drop to 5-6°C to survive. Its feeding habit is omnivorous animal feeding. In the larval stage, similar to other shrimps, the shrimps are dominated by predatory copepods and polychaetes. They also feed on bivalves, organic detritus and benthic organisms. Sediments are commonly found in sediments and have potentials. The end of habit.
The shrimp has the characteristics of wide adaptability to salinity, large adaptability to water temperature, miscellaneous feeding, and low oxygen tolerance. According to the research and test of the Jingfang Aquaculture Farm in Hangzhou in recent years, the yield per mu can reach 75 to 100 kilograms and the economic benefit can reach 5000 to 6000 yuan/mu. Therefore, the shrimp is welcomed by domestic and foreign markets. The freshwater pond aquaculture technology of the new amount of shrimp (hereinafter abbreviated as the base shrimp) is summarized and discussed as follows:
I. Selection of pond selection pond address requires adequate water supply, good water quality, solid soil quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, and the specific requirements are as follows: 1. Site selection: Basically similar to the ponds of giant shrimp and shrimp. 2, shrimp pond conditions: 2-3 acres is appropriate, water depth 1.2-1.5 meters, rectangular is better. The bottom of the pool is flat with a slope of 1.2-2.2. Each pond is equipped with water pumps and aerators. The water inlet is filtered with a mesh bag made of 60-80 mesh sieve cloth to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the shrimp ponds. The water outlets are closed to prevent shrimps from fleeing.
Second, preparation before stocking
1, clear pond: The newly opened shrimp ponds, as long as the exposure of 2-3 days to enter the water, the old pond will need to silt exposure of a winter, clean the pond edge weeds, and to strictly clear the pond. Method: Put 15-30 days before the shrimp seedlings, per acre with 100-150 kg of lime slurry after Quanchiposa disinfection.
2. Cultivate basic bait: After 7-10 days of clear pond, 7-10 days before planting, the pond should be injected with 50-60 cm of fresh water. Then, select the fertilizer to be applied on sunny days to cultivate the biological feed in the pond. Fermented organic fertilizer 100-150 kilograms or the application of inorganic fertilizer, 2 kilograms of urea per acre or 1 kilogram of superphosphate, the whole pool evenly spilled, and the use of inorganic fertilizers need to apply the same amount every other day.
3. Transplanting aquatic plants: transplant a circle of water peanut or water spinach in the shallow water 1-1.2 meters away from the pool, covering 20% ​​to 25% of the water surface. Note: Water peanuts must be disinfected with 10-15ppm bleach prior to transplantation.
Third, seed stocking
1. Seed desalination: At present, most of the species used for aquaculture are factory production. Generally speaking, the proportion of seawater for nursery use is about 1.015-1.020. To move to freshwater, breeding must first be domesticated. Therefore, the key to the success of freshwater aquaculture is the desalination of shrimp. In the process of desalination, nurseries and nurseries manufacturers should be gradual and progressive. After analyzing and summarizing the production practices over the past few years, the shrimp seedlings must be reduced to the proportion of 1.003-1.005 before they can be moved directly into freshwater ponds for cultivation. Generally, the desalination takes 10-15 days.
2, seed quality: Requirements seed body length 0.7-1.0 cm, physical fitness, strong bouncing, clean and tidy appearance. The water temperature in the seedling pool should be close to the water temperature in the culture pond, and the temperature difference must not differ by 3°C.
3, the number of seedlings and stocking time:
Specially cultivated base shrimp, body length of 0.7-1.0 cm of shrimp, stocking capacity of 3-4 million per acre, and fish polyculture, it is best to stocking temporary raising seedlings, body length 1.5-2.0 cm. The stocking capacity is generally 1-1.5 thousand tails/mu. If the density of fish ponds is higher, it should be reduced according to actual conditions. Restocking time: The restocking time in Jiangsu and Zhejiang is generally in the middle and early June of each year, and the southern Guangdong and Guangxi regions can be appropriately advanced according to the climate water temperature.
IV. Rearing Management After the shrimps are stocked and put into ponds, they are mainly water quality management, feeding management and daily management.
1. Water quality management: The shrimp pond water quality requires a PH value of 7-8, and dissolved oxygen should not be lower than 4mg/L. The water color should be yellow-green. The transparency should be controlled at 30-40 cm. The pre-stocking period should add water every 2-3 days. 6 centimeters, added to the highest water level during the summer high temperature season to keep the water fresh and stable, and usually do regular water changes to improve water quality and ensure fresh water during the whole cultivation period.
2. Feeding management: Shrimp seedlings mainly rely on planktonic planktons or supplemented with less fine grain foods within one month of the shrimp ponds. One month later, they are fed with artificial diets (Mushroom feed), and the daily feeding amount Usually 4-6%. During the growing season, the conditional areas will be supplemented with some snails and other small-sized miscellaneous fish. The amount of bait should be flexibly adjusted according to the season, water temperature, climate and water quality. If the water temperature is between 25 and 30°C, the shrimp around the base will inevitably feed. In order to ensure its rapid growth, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to feed more food and properly add additives such as 3-5% of vitamins and bone powder to the feed. In order to ensure the nutrient requirement for shrimp growth, it is necessary to master the principle of “few times†in conjunction with bait feeding. Generally, it is fed 3-4 times a day, and it is best to set up 1-2 bait stations to check the feeding conditions. There is no residual bait left.
3, daily management:
(1) Adhere to the morning and the evening patrol ponds: Morning and evening patrol ponds are one of the most important technical measures in shrimp pond management. The main contents include: Observe whether there is an oxygen-depleted floating head phenomenon, and find that the floating heads of shrimps should be immediately filled with new water or turned on oxygen. When visiting the pond, it is necessary to check whether the water inlet net bag and the anti-escape net are damaged, prevent wild fish, fish or shrimp from fleeing, and inspect the shrimp for feeding, shelling and growth.
(2) Disease prevention and control: Adhere to the principle of “prevention and preventionâ€. During the entire cultivation period, we should do regular spillage of raw stone water. Usually, every 10 to 20 days, 10-15ppm of lime water shall be splashed across the pond in order to kill germs and drive off predators. , At the same time can add calcium, is conducive to shelling shrimp growth, in addition, feeding 40-50 large, if the pool of enemy pests gradually increased, the mid-clear pond must be carried out in time for the exclusive support base shrimp shrimp can be used rape cake or vegetable For example, the dosage is 8-10 grams per cubic meter of water. When it is used, it is crushed, soaked in water for 10-12 hours, and the whole water of the juice can be sprinkled, which will kill the wild fish in the pool. Affects the normal life and growth of shrimp around the base.
(3) Make a diary: establish a record management system during aquaculture. Record the amount of bait every day. Water temperature, water change, water injection, shrimp growth, etc., in order to identify problems and take timely technical measures.
Fifth, the collection and collection time of harvested shrimps depends on the growth conditions and market demand of shrimps. Generally 80 to 100 days in a freshwater pond, it can reach a commercial size of 7-10 cm long, and can be carried out by means of round catching. In southern Guangxi and Guangxi, according to local climatic conditions, it can be cultivated for two seasons a year. It can be collected from mid-July to early August so that the shrimp in the next season can have enough development period. Common collection methods:
1. Cage trapping: The cage is generally put down in the evening and the cage is picked up in the next morning. This type of harvesting method can be listed one after another.
2. Pull nets to catch shrimp: Use nets to catch shrimp in a shrimp pond with a flat bottom. General continuous pull three nets from the capture rate of up to 50-70%. According to the habit of strong ability of shrimp at dusk or before dawn, but also taking into account the timely catch up with the morning market, selling a good price, generally shrimp at 8 to 10 pm, the effect is better.
3, dry ponds to catch shrimp: When the water temperature drops below 15°C, shrimps basically stop feeding and growing. After catching by the above two methods, they should actively go on the market according to market needs. The fishing method is to drain water for dry pond fishing. .
Sixth, related issues
1. Advantages of freshwater pond rearing: Freshwater pond rearing shrimps are highly developed due to their wide adaptability to salinity, miscellaneous food, tender and delicious taste, and high economic value. Therefore, the shrimp farming prospect and market are promising. Potential new breeding breeds.
2. The freshwater aquaculture of seawater shrimp ponds is highly technical, so the risk of aquaculture is also high. Local aquaculture units should actively and steadily develop aquaculture-based shrimp in accordance with local conditions and conditions. The success of freshwater aquaculture based on shrimp depends on the desalination of shrimp.
3. Water quality management is one of the important factors for the production and survival rate of adult shrimp. In the entire aquaculture process of shrimp, water quality should always be guaranteed. Specific indicators are reflected in water temperature, dissolved oxygen (PH), transparency, etc. The units should try their best to keep them within proper scope through daily monitoring. The main technical measures are to ensure that morning and evening time-drifting ponds are regularly used, and regular water changes are implemented to improve water quality. This will not only ensure that shrimp fish do not float but also make Shrimp has a good water quality environment that grows quickly.
4. A good pond ecological environment is a strong guarantee for the high yield and high efficiency of shrimps. Shrimp ponds are 2 to 3 acres, and they should have a certain slope. Slope should be appropriate, too steep can not guarantee that there is enough oxygen-enriched area, if the slope is too slow, the feeding is too wide and scattered, and the feed is wasted. According to the trial situation of Jingfang Aquaculture Farm, if the ecological breeding base is used, the electricity cost per acre can be saved. 200-300 yuan, which has served to increase production and efficiency.
5. Although the “Study on Freshwater Aquaculture Technology of Seawater Shrimp†passed the technical appraisal of the Municipal Committee of Science and Technology in Hangzhou in December 1998, the technology and level of freshwater pond aquaculture are at the leading domestic level, and good social and economic benefits have also been achieved. However, many technical problems and difficulties have also been encountered in the breeding process. For example, the survival rate of shrimp in freshwater ponds is not high, and the yield is far lower than that of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and freshwater prawns. The growth rate is relatively slow, and the maximum size is only about 10 centimeters. All these problems have yet to be further explored and explored by fishery science and technology workers.
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