In spring, when the ground temperature of the grape root system reaches 7°C~10°C, the grape roots begin to move, absorbing moisture and inorganic salts from the soil. At the same time, organic nutrients stored in the roots and perennial vines become available. Conducted from the roots and the old vines. Due to the thick and large root canals on the vines, the sap rises rapidly. At this time, the sap has not yet sprouted. If there is a mechanical wound on the ground, it will cause sap outflow and become an injury. flow.
Operation points
In the cold-covered areas of the northern part of the country, the cold-proof soil was removed, taking care not to injure buds and reduce injury. Coastal areas with slower warming can be pushed backwards according to weather conditions.
To carry out spring gardening work, copper preparations can be used for more years of rain; drought can be sprayed with 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur; special problems to select targeted drugs.
Before the application of basal fertilizer or under application, it is necessary to chase after the application of basal fertilizer.
Infancy
The initiation of leaf formation from the buds is called the budding stage. At a daily average temperature of 10°C or above, the grape buds begin to swell and grow. The budding period is relatively short. In winter, it is buried in a cold area. The buds begin to germinate 7-10 days after the release of the cover.
Operation points
Shelf: The shelving can be framed in the morning and trimmed.
Top dressing: In the bud expansion period, 2.5 to 5 kg of farmyard manure is used in conjunction with sea elves biological stimulant 200 to 300 times to open the ring ditch, to supplement the tree nutrients and promote root growth.
Wiping buds: For budding, we need to stay weak, strong, squeezed, thin, weak and growing parts should not be buds late. For two buds or three buds, one or two of them should be erased. It is advisable to wipe off buds early, every 3 to 5 days, usually 2 or 3 times.
Pest control: timely control of blackpox disease, felt disease, white rot and red spider, scale insects and thrips, etc., can be used carbendazim + Fumei pairs + pyraclostrobin to treat soil and vine.
New growth period
The stoppage of growth from budding to new growth is called a new period of slight growth. The initial growth is slow. When the average daily temperature rises to 20°C, the new growth will be rapid and the growth will be 10-20 cm per day and night, which means the first peak of growth. From then on until flowering, the new growth slowed slightly.
Operation points
Bound fixed tip: When the new shoot grows to more than 40 centimeters, windbreaks will be introduced in time. Eliminating shoots and shoots without flower buds and tentatively setting tips. Remove new tendrils and remove new ones.
Topping: Pick up the heart in time and take it away after three days of picking. From the bottom up, three at a time, three days apart.
Fertilizer management: The second fertilizer is applied to ensure the nutrition of the tree. Crushing nitrogen-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, foliar spraying phosphorus and potassium source + sea Elf bio-stimulant foliar type, appropriate calcium fertilizer, boron fertilizer.
Pest control: the main diseases are gray mold, downy mildew, cob brown blight, black pox, brown spot and so on. Insect pests include hummocks, green eyes, and other diseases. The effective drugs are urea-oxaconazole, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, and myclobutanil, which can be sprayed with insecticides.
Flowering period
From the flowering stage until the final flowering stage, it becomes the flowering stage. The morning and evening of the flowering period and the length of time are related to the local climatic conditions and cultivars. The general flowering period is 10 to 15 days.
Operation points
Timely dressing: In the initial flowering period and full flowering period, apply a 500-800-fold +0.2%-0.3% boric acid or borax solution to the phosphorus and potassium source bank to promote pollen tube elongation and increase fruit set rate. Remember to beat the wire after spraying fertilizer.
Moisture management: In the flowering period, it is impossible to pour water, but it cannot dry. Prevent frost and spray with water.
Non-nuclear treatment: In the flowering period of grape, in order to promote the grape without seed, increase the fruit setting rate and fruit enlargement, some hormone drugs may be used when appropriate. The currently commonly used agents are pyrazolidone and gibberellin. The recommended concentration of pyrazole is 2~5mg/L, and the recommended concentration of gibberellin is 20~25mg/L.
Pest control: Inflorescence separation period and grape 2 to 4 days before flowering, control of gray mold, black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew, cob brown blight, penetrating wing moth, beetles and so on. Available: 50% thiophanate-methyl + 23.5% Iprodione + 80% Dimethomorph + 25% Difenoconazole + 2.5% Amorphous Salt + Boron.
One expansion period
The first enlargement of the grapes occurs from fruit setting to fruit growth from green to white. According to the different varieties need 30 to 60 days, the fruit grows rapidly during this period, at the same time, the lower part of the shoot begins to develop, and winter buds are formed in the axillary buds.
Operation points
Pruning the ears: Reasonably thinning the fruit to control the yield.
Pest control: The treatment of the ear before bagging can be used pyraclostrobin + difenoconazole + fludioxonil + calcium + insecticide.
Bagging: timely bagging, pest control and disease prevention, while paying attention to burning and burning.
Fertilizer and water management: After fruit set, 10 kg of potassium nitrate and calcium per acre will be applied together with sea elf biostimulant to enhance nutrition and ensure strong roots.
Second expansion
The whitishness of the fruit begins to turn color, which is called the second enlargement period. For 20 to 40 days, winter buds mature gradually.
Operation points
Fertilizer in time, balanced nutrition, pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and calcium fertilizer, and spray the phosphorus and potassium source pool from 500 to 800 times to promote the expansion.
Remove the shoots and cultivate new shoots.
After bagging, it is necessary to closely observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the bag. In severe cases, the bag can be sprayed.
Color change period
The fruit turns soft and begins to harvest, which is the turning period of the grape. The time varies from 15 to 60 days depending on the species.
Operation points
About 100 grams of potassium sulfate fertilizer was applied per plant, and applied with sea elf biostimulant. During the period of grape maturation, 500-800 times of the phosphorus and potassium source pool was sprayed every 7-10 days to increase the sugar content of the fruit. Increases sweetness and promotes coloration.
The old leaves and diseased leaves that cover the sunlight near the ear are removed in time, and the robust leaves are removed to increase the light.
During drought, ground water in small water to maintain water stress.
Ethephon treatment accelerates grape coloring and early maturation when grape fruit begins to color.
Prevents diseases such as downy mildew, white rot, and powdery mildew. Protect the grape leaves and increase the photosynthesis of the leaves.
Recovery period
After the fruit is harvested, yellowing leaves naturally fall off and it belongs to the recovery period of the tree body. The post-harvest deciduous period is the peak of photosynthesis in the leaves and the peak of grape root growth.
Operation points
Bao Ye control slightly: after harvesting the fruit should be reduced as much as possible or even do not play the old leaves, spray once every 10 to 15 days of phosphorus and potassium source 500 to 800 times liquid, and even spray 2 times. And by controlling the growth of the plants by taking care of their hearts and removing minors to reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients.
The cultivating loose soil: After harvesting fruit, we should timely cultivating and weeding, and carry out moderate deep turning, which is conducive to the loose soil, air permeability and water conservation in the garden to promote new root growth.
Fertilizer and water management: After harvesting the fruit, the fertilizer can be carried out after harvesting fruit. Generally, it is appropriate to apply liquid to open furrow. Each compound fertilizer should be applied in an amount of 0.15 to 0.20 kg and 200 to 300 times of sea elf biostimulant. During the high temperature and dry period in autumn, the vineyard should timely feed the horse water before 7 o'clock in the morning, remembering that it is not possible to irrigate in the high temperature period from 10am to 6pm.
Dormant period
Grapes are called dormant periods after falling from autumn or early winter to the second year after the sap begins to flow.
Operation points
Shi Ji Fei: General per acre Shi cooked farmyard fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg, cake fertilizer 100 ~ 150kg, plus superphosphate 100kg mixed after application, after application cover soil. For boron-deprived orchards, 0.1 kg of borax can be applied per mu with basal fertilizer.
Keep warm and cold: Protect the cold by pouring frozen water, keeping the earth cool, and applying phosphorus and potassium sources.
Clear Garden: Reduce pathogens, reduce the base number of pests, lay the foundation for the prevention and control of pests and diseases the next year, and reduce stress.
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