Camellia (Camellia japonica L.) is a beautiful flowering plant that has long been admired for its elegance and resilience. Known as "Naidong" in Chinese, it symbolizes grace and enduring beauty. The flowers bloom during the cold months of winter or early spring, often when other plants are dormant, making them a striking sight amidst the snow. Camellia blossoms can last over a month without falling, creating a warm and refined atmosphere. As the poet Lu You once praised: "Blossoming in the snow, lasting until late spring—among the flowers, it stands as a symbol of eternal endurance."
Camellia flowers are large and lush, with some varieties reaching up to 25 cm in diameter, comparable in size to peonies. When displayed together in gardens, homes, or public spaces, they create a vibrant and elegant ambiance. With more than 5,000 varieties worldwide, camellias are diverse, though only around 300 are native to China. They thrive in humid environments, preferring temperatures between 18°C and 25°C, well-drained acidic soil, and careful watering. Over-fertilization or frequent rotation of pots can harm the plant, and pruning should be done thoughtfully to avoid affecting blooming.
Propagation is typically done through cuttings, ideally in late June when the stems are half-woody. Cuttings should be taken from the third bud, leaving the top leaves intact, and placed in moist sand. Covering with a plastic film and misting several times a day helps increase humidity, promoting root growth within about 60 days. Using B12 liquid before planting can enhance rooting success. Grafting is rarely used, except for rare varieties.
Camellia is not only ornamental but also has medicinal value. Its roots contain tannins and proteins, while the leaves have sugars, tannins, and bitterness. The flowers contain amino acids and molasses, and both the flowers and seeds can be pressed into oil, which is non-toxic and beneficial for health. It helps cool the blood, stop bleeding, and treat conditions like nosebleeds, coughs, and burns. Additionally, it has beauty benefits, such as improving skin health and reducing inflammation. The root is effective in treating dysentery, rheumatism, and dermatitis, while the flowers can be used in cooking—fried, stewed, or added to dishes as a nutritious delicacy.
With its rich history, aesthetic appeal, and practical uses, camellia remains a beloved plant in both traditional and modern settings.
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