Camellia (Camellia japonica L.) is a beautiful and elegant flowering plant that has long been admired for its resilience and grace. Known as "Naidong" in Chinese, it blooms during the cold months of winter or early spring, when most other flowers have withered. Its blossoms can last over a month without falling, creating a warm and refined atmosphere. The famous poet Lu You once praised it: "In the snow, the blossoms bloom in late spring, among the flowers, they show eternal durability."
The Camellia flower is large and luxuriant, with some varieties reaching up to 25 cm in diameter—comparable in beauty to the peony. When displayed in groups, either in pots or in gardens, they create a lively, elegant, and inviting ambiance. There are over 5,000 varieties worldwide, but only about 300 are found in China.
Camellias thrive in humid environments with temperatures between 18°C and 25°C. They prefer slightly acidic, fertile soil and are sensitive to strong fertilizers. It's important not to rotate the pot frequently or remove shoots arbitrarily, as this may affect blooming. Propagation is mainly done through cuttings, ideally in late June when the stems are half-woody. Cuttings should be taken from the third bud, leaving the top leaves intact, and planted in moist sand. Covering them with a thin film and misting several times daily helps increase humidity, and roots usually appear within 60 days. Soaking the cut ends in B12 liquid before planting can enhance root development.
Grafting is rarely used, except for rare varieties. Camellias are also known for their resistance to sulfur dioxide, making them an excellent choice for planting near factories or mines.
In traditional medicine, Camellia tea is used for its cooling properties. The roots contain tannins and proteins, while the leaves have sugars, tannins, and bitterness. The flowers contain amino acids and molasses. Both the flowers and seeds are non-toxic, with heat-clearing and blood-cooling effects, helping to treat conditions like nosebleeds, coughs, burns, and psoriasis. They are also beneficial for skin health and have anti-inflammatory properties, useful for treating dermatitis, dysentery, and kidney diseases.
Additionally, Camellia flowers are edible and can be used in various culinary preparations such as frying or stewing, offering both nutrition and flavor. Overall, Camellia is not just a beautiful ornamental plant, but also a valuable resource in both aesthetics and medicine.
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