A few days ago, abalone breeding in southern areas such as Fujian and Guangdong mainly consisted of land-based pond aquaculture and sea-bass culture. The main breeds used for breeding were abalone and abalone. Seabass cultured in the sea area is often affected by many factors such as typhoon, red tide, and attached organisms, which increases the risk of breeding and the survival rate is only 50% to 60%. Although the farming aquaculture rate on land can reach 70% to 80%, the breeding cost is too high, and the breeding cycle is longer than the sea area. Therefore, we proposed the aquaculture mode of abalone sea area and land rotation. After several years of practice, good results have been achieved.
First, aquaculture sea areas choose to choose small waves, smooth flow, good water quality. Annual water temperature 8 ~ 30 °C, specific gravity 1.016 ~ 1.024, pH 7.6 ~ 8.4, away from industrial and agricultural and domestic pollution.
Second, breeding equipment and facilities
1. The main breeding equipment for the breeding box is the black polyethylene plastic breeding box, which is 40 cm long, 30 cm wide and 13 cm high. There are many small holes on the six sides of the box to pass the water flow. According to the size of the flow hole on the box, it can be divided into two types, namely the box and the box. The hole diameter of the box is 0.4cm, the length of the shell is 0.7-1.5cm, and the diameter of the box is 0.9cm, and the length of the shell is 1.5cm or more. Normally, five boxes are stacked and tied together with a plastic string called a string.
2. There are two methods for long-line and truss upbringing in the aquaculture facilities in the sea area. The length of floating rafts for long-line ropes is 80 to 120 meters long. Each floating raft is called one, and two are 3 meters apart. The floating raft hangs a string of boxes every 1.5-2 meters, and the box is hung in water 2 to 3 meters deep. This method is strong against wind and waves and is suitable for sea areas with large waves.
The truss-mounted truss facility is similar to Cage cultivator, with 4 planks framed into a 4m 4m frame with 4 to 5 slats on each frame. Each slat is hung with 5-6 String, a truss can hang 25 to 30 string boxes.
3. Land-cultivation facilities The land-based aquaculture ponds are 8 meters in length, 1 meter in width, and 0.8 meters in depth. Each tank can hold 40 strings of breeding boxes. Two PVC plastic pipes with a diameter of 1.5 cm were laid at the bottom of the pool. A row of holes was drilled along the wall of the tank and a hole was drilled every 10 cm. The bottom of the box is covered with a 60-cm-long, 7-cm-wide, and 10-cm-high cement strip to keep the water flowing and flush. The surface of the box is also pressed with the above cement strip to prevent the box from floating due to the air.
Third, seed stocking and sparse general when the fall of the year before and after October into the seedlings, hatching shell length 2 cm Bao seedlings, conditions should choose the same batch of seedlings grow faster (large size) seedlings. Each box was stocked with 50 eggs and raised until around the second year of February. When the individual shells were more than 3 cm long and the water temperature was 15 to 16°C, the first seedlings were divided and 35 to 40 eggs were stocked in each box. The length of 4 cm stocking 20 to 25 per box; shell length of 5 cm 15 to 20 per box of stocking, has been raised to reach the product specifications. The dredging and seeding operations should be carried out in the morning and in the evening in order to use the natural crawling of the abalone to facilitate stripping and reduce damage.
Fourth, timely access to the sea and into the pool
Before and after May, Bao Miao, with a 1.2 cm long shell, was first raised in a land pool with a secret box for a period of time. Until the autumn of October, Bao Miao, with an individual shell length of 2 cm, was boxed into the sea to hang up. Before the second year of June of the next year, they will be moved to a land-based pool for breeding, and similarly, the high-temperature period will be cultivated in the onshore basin every year, and the rest of the time will be raised in the sea area, and will always be raised to reach the commodity specifications. This can effectively avoid the impact of red tides, diseases, and typhoons on the southern sea areas and ensure the normal growth of abalone.
V. Daily management
1. Safety inspection The most important task of the day-to-day management of seabass raising in the sea area is to ensure the safety inspection and maintenance of facilities and equipment such as culture benches and breeding boxes. As the abundance of abalone on land is intensively cultured, water supply and gas supply are crucial. It is necessary to check whether the water supply and gas supply are normal, and eliminate the failures of stopping the water and stopping the gas in a timely manner. The aeration process must ensure continuous flushing and at least 3 times more water flow, otherwise it will cause a large number of abalone deaths.
2. Feed selection and feeding fresh kelp, salted seaweed, dried kelp, seaweed, etc. can be used as abalone bait. Among them, the best effect of seaweed feeding was abalone. The abalone grew fastest, followed by fresh seaweed. However, with seaweed as bait, the cost of breeding is too high and it is difficult to satisfy a large supply. The production of large quantities of abalone is dominated by salted kelp and dried kelp. Before baiting, the bait should be cleaned. During the farming period in the sea area, feed once every 3 to 4 days. Feed about 1.5 kilograms of salted kelp or dried kelp, or 1 to 1.5 kilograms of fresh kelp, each time. On the land-based culture stage, feeding is performed every 2 to 3 days, and the amount of feeding is the same as above.
3. Disease prevention and control At the onshore aquaculture stage, a pool is cleaned every two to three days in combination with feeding, and the sand filter must be cleaned and disinfected regularly to keep the water clean. During the aquaculture process, the bait and dead abalone should be cleaned up in time, and the corrupt bait should not be fed. During the high temperature period in summer, chlorine disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide and bromochloroheine may be splashed at intervals of 1 g/m3.
Sixth, develop the specifications and harvesting shell length 2 cm disc abalone seedlings generally after 14 to 16 months of breeding can reach the commercial specifications (6 to 7 cm). Before and after March, nine-hole abalone seedlings with a shell length of 1.5 cm can reach commercial specifications (5 cm) after 4 to 6 months of culture. After harvesting, the abalone shall be layered and covered with wet sponges or towels in a heat-insulating foam box, and appropriate ice packs or ice cubes shall be placed around the high-temperature season to be suitable for long-distance transportation of automobiles, aircrafts and the like.
First, aquaculture sea areas choose to choose small waves, smooth flow, good water quality. Annual water temperature 8 ~ 30 °C, specific gravity 1.016 ~ 1.024, pH 7.6 ~ 8.4, away from industrial and agricultural and domestic pollution.
Second, breeding equipment and facilities
1. The main breeding equipment for the breeding box is the black polyethylene plastic breeding box, which is 40 cm long, 30 cm wide and 13 cm high. There are many small holes on the six sides of the box to pass the water flow. According to the size of the flow hole on the box, it can be divided into two types, namely the box and the box. The hole diameter of the box is 0.4cm, the length of the shell is 0.7-1.5cm, and the diameter of the box is 0.9cm, and the length of the shell is 1.5cm or more. Normally, five boxes are stacked and tied together with a plastic string called a string.
2. There are two methods for long-line and truss upbringing in the aquaculture facilities in the sea area. The length of floating rafts for long-line ropes is 80 to 120 meters long. Each floating raft is called one, and two are 3 meters apart. The floating raft hangs a string of boxes every 1.5-2 meters, and the box is hung in water 2 to 3 meters deep. This method is strong against wind and waves and is suitable for sea areas with large waves.
The truss-mounted truss facility is similar to Cage cultivator, with 4 planks framed into a 4m 4m frame with 4 to 5 slats on each frame. Each slat is hung with 5-6 String, a truss can hang 25 to 30 string boxes.
3. Land-cultivation facilities The land-based aquaculture ponds are 8 meters in length, 1 meter in width, and 0.8 meters in depth. Each tank can hold 40 strings of breeding boxes. Two PVC plastic pipes with a diameter of 1.5 cm were laid at the bottom of the pool. A row of holes was drilled along the wall of the tank and a hole was drilled every 10 cm. The bottom of the box is covered with a 60-cm-long, 7-cm-wide, and 10-cm-high cement strip to keep the water flowing and flush. The surface of the box is also pressed with the above cement strip to prevent the box from floating due to the air.
Third, seed stocking and sparse general when the fall of the year before and after October into the seedlings, hatching shell length 2 cm Bao seedlings, conditions should choose the same batch of seedlings grow faster (large size) seedlings. Each box was stocked with 50 eggs and raised until around the second year of February. When the individual shells were more than 3 cm long and the water temperature was 15 to 16°C, the first seedlings were divided and 35 to 40 eggs were stocked in each box. The length of 4 cm stocking 20 to 25 per box; shell length of 5 cm 15 to 20 per box of stocking, has been raised to reach the product specifications. The dredging and seeding operations should be carried out in the morning and in the evening in order to use the natural crawling of the abalone to facilitate stripping and reduce damage.
Fourth, timely access to the sea and into the pool
Before and after May, Bao Miao, with a 1.2 cm long shell, was first raised in a land pool with a secret box for a period of time. Until the autumn of October, Bao Miao, with an individual shell length of 2 cm, was boxed into the sea to hang up. Before the second year of June of the next year, they will be moved to a land-based pool for breeding, and similarly, the high-temperature period will be cultivated in the onshore basin every year, and the rest of the time will be raised in the sea area, and will always be raised to reach the commodity specifications. This can effectively avoid the impact of red tides, diseases, and typhoons on the southern sea areas and ensure the normal growth of abalone.
V. Daily management
1. Safety inspection The most important task of the day-to-day management of seabass raising in the sea area is to ensure the safety inspection and maintenance of facilities and equipment such as culture benches and breeding boxes. As the abundance of abalone on land is intensively cultured, water supply and gas supply are crucial. It is necessary to check whether the water supply and gas supply are normal, and eliminate the failures of stopping the water and stopping the gas in a timely manner. The aeration process must ensure continuous flushing and at least 3 times more water flow, otherwise it will cause a large number of abalone deaths.
2. Feed selection and feeding fresh kelp, salted seaweed, dried kelp, seaweed, etc. can be used as abalone bait. Among them, the best effect of seaweed feeding was abalone. The abalone grew fastest, followed by fresh seaweed. However, with seaweed as bait, the cost of breeding is too high and it is difficult to satisfy a large supply. The production of large quantities of abalone is dominated by salted kelp and dried kelp. Before baiting, the bait should be cleaned. During the farming period in the sea area, feed once every 3 to 4 days. Feed about 1.5 kilograms of salted kelp or dried kelp, or 1 to 1.5 kilograms of fresh kelp, each time. On the land-based culture stage, feeding is performed every 2 to 3 days, and the amount of feeding is the same as above.
3. Disease prevention and control At the onshore aquaculture stage, a pool is cleaned every two to three days in combination with feeding, and the sand filter must be cleaned and disinfected regularly to keep the water clean. During the aquaculture process, the bait and dead abalone should be cleaned up in time, and the corrupt bait should not be fed. During the high temperature period in summer, chlorine disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide and bromochloroheine may be splashed at intervals of 1 g/m3.
Sixth, develop the specifications and harvesting shell length 2 cm disc abalone seedlings generally after 14 to 16 months of breeding can reach the commercial specifications (6 to 7 cm). Before and after March, nine-hole abalone seedlings with a shell length of 1.5 cm can reach commercial specifications (5 cm) after 4 to 6 months of culture. After harvesting, the abalone shall be layered and covered with wet sponges or towels in a heat-insulating foam box, and appropriate ice packs or ice cubes shall be placed around the high-temperature season to be suitable for long-distance transportation of automobiles, aircrafts and the like.
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