Yellow-throated turtle, also known as yellow-throated turtle, sweet-turtle, etc., is a small-medium-sized freshwater turtle that is distributed in freshwater waters in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and some southern provinces and districts. The turtle body is flat and oval in shape. The turtle shell is about 15cm long. Yellow-shouldered turtles are docile, delicious and odorless. They are good varieties of food and medicine. They are also the best turtles to breed high-grade ornamental turtles, the green-eared turtles, and are therefore well-received by consumers. This is a brief introduction to its ecological farming techniques.
I. Turtle pond construction Yellow-shouldered turtles should be selected for open, sunny, leeward, quiet, well-watered, and well-watered areas. The size of the ponds can be determined according to the conditions and scale of cultivation, round, oval, rectangular or Irregular shape can be, the pool depth of 1m or more, pool and garden with 25 to 30 degrees of gentle slope convergence. The courtyard small pool can be paved with bottom bricks and four walls, and then use cement mortar to match and wipe the light, the bottom of the pool bedding 20cm thick sediment, the pool masonry an area of ​​3 to 5 square meters, 70 ~ 100cm high food Taiwan and rest, drying place. Set a spawning ground of 5 to 8 square meters on the bank on the side of the sun, and lay 40cm thick sandy loam on the field for digging eggs to spawn. A rain shelter was built over the area and several clusters of flowers or vines were planted around it to provide a covert and safe spawning environment for the turtles. The newly built turtle pool is first disinfected with quicklime water and sprayed on the bottom of the pond for 5-7 days. After the enemy creatures are destroyed, they are filled with water. Then the bleaching powder solution is sterilized, and the water is discharged from the fresh water. turtle.
Second, feeding and management hatched yellow-throated turtle hatchlings only weigh 3 ~ 5g, the first 3d by the absorption of yolk sac storage of nutrition, 3d can be fed cooked egg yolk or tenebrio, 7d after feeding fine, fine, Tender, soft and easily digestible high-quality feed, such as freshly chopped fish, animal organs, fruits and vegetables, and potatoes, etc., The feeding amount is about 5% of the total weight of the turtle body, and it is finished after 100 minutes of feeding. In the summer, two shots are made in the spring and autumn, and once in the spring and autumn, and once in the late autumn, they are fed once every 2 days. However, high-quality feeds with high protein and fat content should be fed to allow turtles to store as much winter energy as possible for the sake of safety. Spend a long cold winter.
Juvenile tortoises generally build pools in the room or use pots and cylinders for raising. The containers are inclined and have a water depth of 10 to 15cm, allowing turtles to choose their own habitat level or dry space. The density is about 100 pieces per square meter. Juvenile tortoises are raised in hatchling ponds after 15-30 days of raising or wintering. If the turtle pool is located indoors, the water depth shall be increased to 30cm. The top of the pool wall shall be protected from escape. The ratio of land area to surface area in the pool shall be 2:1. The bottom of the pool shall be covered with hard clay of 20cm in thickness, and the stocking density shall be 20 to 30 square meters. Feed for young turtles can be added with duckweed or melon vegetables and other plant feeds on the basis of hatchling turtle feed formula. During the peak season from May to August, the amount of feeding can be increased to 10% of the total weight of the turtle body, and 1 month before wintering. High quality fat-rich feeds should also be added for safe wintering. The turtle pool changes the water every 3 to 5 days, changing the water about 1/3 each time.
The hatchlings are carefully reared for 2 to 3 months and the body weight can reach 50g or more. When the temperature is stable above 20°C, it can be transferred to outdoor turtle ponds for rearing. After entering the third-year-old young turtle (that is, the spring after two winters), the body weight has reached 250g or more, and at this time, inoculation of turtle base algae can be started to cultivate the green-haired turtle.
Third, the breeding of yellow-throated turtles
1. Parents should choose the male to choose a body weight of 300g or more, a long shape, a large back, a central depression in the circular abdomen, a long tail, the anus is farther from the iliac end of a strong individual; female turtles should choose more than 400g, round shape Thick, with short back carapace, flat plastron, short tail, and a strong individual with an anal hole near the iliac crest. The general requirements are good health, complete limbs, complete carapace, smooth body surface, bright eyes and eyes, flexible head and neck and extremities, quick response, and individuals who can turn over on flat ground. Female and male ratios are preferably 2:1 to 2.5:1.
2. Spawning period management The age of sexual maturity of the yellow-throated turtle is 5-6 years old. In the evening of May-June and August-September, when the temperature is 20-25°C, mating occurs in the evening or at dawn, spawning from June to September, and spawning in July. Turtle eggs resemble cocoons, fertilized eggs are round and smooth, and egg shells are shiny and non-sticky. However, the embryo of the turtle egg must be fixed after 24 hours or so, so the collection of the turtle eggs should be carried out in the afternoon of 2d after spawning. The spawning period should be cleaned every morning, and beside the newly produced eggs for the first night or early morning, the dates should be marked so that the eggs can be harvested on time. When collecting turtle eggs, they should be checked one by one so that the fertilized eggs are discharged upwards at the end of the airbag cavity and then discharged into the bottom sand-filled basin or a special egg tray. The eggs are then placed in the incubator and incubated at a constant temperature. If the individual turtle eggs are left for 8 hours, there is still no translucent white balloon lumen, which is an unfertilized egg and should be eaten or processed.
3. Incubation and management Incubation hatchery boxes are generally 60cm40cm12cm cuboids. Most of them are made of wood. Several drainage holes are drilled in the bottom of the box and the sand is 6cm thick. The turtle eggs are arranged neatly with a gap of 1 cm. The upper part is covered with 3 to 4 cm thick sand, covered with a glass cover, and labeled with relevant data indicating the date of spawning and the number of eggs, keeping the constant temperature at 28 to 30°C, and humidity 85%. about. After hatching for 55-60 days, the hatchling hatches and the hatching rate is generally around 90%.
I. Turtle pond construction Yellow-shouldered turtles should be selected for open, sunny, leeward, quiet, well-watered, and well-watered areas. The size of the ponds can be determined according to the conditions and scale of cultivation, round, oval, rectangular or Irregular shape can be, the pool depth of 1m or more, pool and garden with 25 to 30 degrees of gentle slope convergence. The courtyard small pool can be paved with bottom bricks and four walls, and then use cement mortar to match and wipe the light, the bottom of the pool bedding 20cm thick sediment, the pool masonry an area of ​​3 to 5 square meters, 70 ~ 100cm high food Taiwan and rest, drying place. Set a spawning ground of 5 to 8 square meters on the bank on the side of the sun, and lay 40cm thick sandy loam on the field for digging eggs to spawn. A rain shelter was built over the area and several clusters of flowers or vines were planted around it to provide a covert and safe spawning environment for the turtles. The newly built turtle pool is first disinfected with quicklime water and sprayed on the bottom of the pond for 5-7 days. After the enemy creatures are destroyed, they are filled with water. Then the bleaching powder solution is sterilized, and the water is discharged from the fresh water. turtle.
Second, feeding and management hatched yellow-throated turtle hatchlings only weigh 3 ~ 5g, the first 3d by the absorption of yolk sac storage of nutrition, 3d can be fed cooked egg yolk or tenebrio, 7d after feeding fine, fine, Tender, soft and easily digestible high-quality feed, such as freshly chopped fish, animal organs, fruits and vegetables, and potatoes, etc., The feeding amount is about 5% of the total weight of the turtle body, and it is finished after 100 minutes of feeding. In the summer, two shots are made in the spring and autumn, and once in the spring and autumn, and once in the late autumn, they are fed once every 2 days. However, high-quality feeds with high protein and fat content should be fed to allow turtles to store as much winter energy as possible for the sake of safety. Spend a long cold winter.
Juvenile tortoises generally build pools in the room or use pots and cylinders for raising. The containers are inclined and have a water depth of 10 to 15cm, allowing turtles to choose their own habitat level or dry space. The density is about 100 pieces per square meter. Juvenile tortoises are raised in hatchling ponds after 15-30 days of raising or wintering. If the turtle pool is located indoors, the water depth shall be increased to 30cm. The top of the pool wall shall be protected from escape. The ratio of land area to surface area in the pool shall be 2:1. The bottom of the pool shall be covered with hard clay of 20cm in thickness, and the stocking density shall be 20 to 30 square meters. Feed for young turtles can be added with duckweed or melon vegetables and other plant feeds on the basis of hatchling turtle feed formula. During the peak season from May to August, the amount of feeding can be increased to 10% of the total weight of the turtle body, and 1 month before wintering. High quality fat-rich feeds should also be added for safe wintering. The turtle pool changes the water every 3 to 5 days, changing the water about 1/3 each time.
The hatchlings are carefully reared for 2 to 3 months and the body weight can reach 50g or more. When the temperature is stable above 20°C, it can be transferred to outdoor turtle ponds for rearing. After entering the third-year-old young turtle (that is, the spring after two winters), the body weight has reached 250g or more, and at this time, inoculation of turtle base algae can be started to cultivate the green-haired turtle.
Third, the breeding of yellow-throated turtles
1. Parents should choose the male to choose a body weight of 300g or more, a long shape, a large back, a central depression in the circular abdomen, a long tail, the anus is farther from the iliac end of a strong individual; female turtles should choose more than 400g, round shape Thick, with short back carapace, flat plastron, short tail, and a strong individual with an anal hole near the iliac crest. The general requirements are good health, complete limbs, complete carapace, smooth body surface, bright eyes and eyes, flexible head and neck and extremities, quick response, and individuals who can turn over on flat ground. Female and male ratios are preferably 2:1 to 2.5:1.
2. Spawning period management The age of sexual maturity of the yellow-throated turtle is 5-6 years old. In the evening of May-June and August-September, when the temperature is 20-25°C, mating occurs in the evening or at dawn, spawning from June to September, and spawning in July. Turtle eggs resemble cocoons, fertilized eggs are round and smooth, and egg shells are shiny and non-sticky. However, the embryo of the turtle egg must be fixed after 24 hours or so, so the collection of the turtle eggs should be carried out in the afternoon of 2d after spawning. The spawning period should be cleaned every morning, and beside the newly produced eggs for the first night or early morning, the dates should be marked so that the eggs can be harvested on time. When collecting turtle eggs, they should be checked one by one so that the fertilized eggs are discharged upwards at the end of the airbag cavity and then discharged into the bottom sand-filled basin or a special egg tray. The eggs are then placed in the incubator and incubated at a constant temperature. If the individual turtle eggs are left for 8 hours, there is still no translucent white balloon lumen, which is an unfertilized egg and should be eaten or processed.
3. Incubation and management Incubation hatchery boxes are generally 60cm40cm12cm cuboids. Most of them are made of wood. Several drainage holes are drilled in the bottom of the box and the sand is 6cm thick. The turtle eggs are arranged neatly with a gap of 1 cm. The upper part is covered with 3 to 4 cm thick sand, covered with a glass cover, and labeled with relevant data indicating the date of spawning and the number of eggs, keeping the constant temperature at 28 to 30°C, and humidity 85%. about. After hatching for 55-60 days, the hatchling hatches and the hatching rate is generally around 90%.
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