In recent years, the market demand for Agaricus bisporus is increasing, and the number of exports has increased dramatically. However, due to the constraints of resources and technology, the production of Agaricus bisporus cannot be ideally developed. In the traditional cultivation, straw, straw, cow dung and pig dung are the main types of animal manure. However, animal manure has been in short supply in recent years. In recent years, Laizhou has been vigorously developing biogas. The raw materials for manure have directly entered the biogas digester, resulting in few pure manure for sale in various regions. The shortage of resources and the increase in their prices have prevented the mushroom farmers' production benefits from being guaranteed, which has largely affected the smooth progress of industrialization of edible fungi. According to our investigation, a large amount of biogas residue in rural areas is directly used as fertilizer or is abandoned, and the utilization efficiency is not high. Therefore, it can be used for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, which can replace the traditional manure and maximize the biomass resources. The use of the chain, but also make it effective, to adapt to the current development of circular economy, the construction of a new countryside.
First, the base material formula
3000 kg of biogas residue, 3,000 kg of straw or straw, 120 kg of superphosphate, 18 kg of urea, 180 kg of lime powder, 90 kg of gypsum powder, 30 kg of light calcium carbonate, and 1,440 g of three-dimensional nutritional essence of edible fungi. The formula is suitable for the cultivation area of ​​200-220 square meters.
Second, the base material
In addition to three-dimensional pheromone, the wheat straw is directly fermented with fresh biogas residue and auxiliary materials. The method is a layer of forage, a layer of biogas residue and auxiliary materials, stacked in layers; generally, the stack width is 1 to 1.2 meters and the height is 1.5 to 2 meters. From the date of the self-built pile, turn it over for 6 days, 5 days, 4 days, and 3 days respectively; turn the method: spray the water on the pile of materials several hours in advance so that the marginal forage can be fully absorbed; At the beginning of one end, the edge material is removed first, the high temperature area inside the pile is used as the bottom and top of the new material pile, and the edge material, the bottom material and the top material are turned into the middle position of the new material pile. On the third turnover, use a 800-fold phoxim solution and spray evenly into each layer. Use an amount of 50 kilograms of dry cloth per ton of dry material to drive off pests in the material pile. At the last turn, the three-dimensional pheromone was evenly sprayed.
Third, go to bed
After completion of the fermentation, spread the stockpile, adjust the pH value to about 8 and cool it to 30°C or lower, then enter the shed, so that the total amount of the bacterial species to be sowed on the bed is about 20%, and the layer is about 20 cm thick. , Slightly compacted to 15 cm, spread the total amount of bacteria about 30%, and then spread a layer of material and compaction, so that the total thickness of about 30 cm, 2/3 of the remaining species were sprinkled on the material table, using " Hand-scraping method makes it sink into the material about 3 to 5 centimeters deep, the rest of the bacteria spread to the material surface will be flattened material surface.
After sowing, the hole of the mushroom shed should be closed to make it in a confined state. Sealing is both a temporary prohibition of the ventilation and light shielding, and creates a quiet environment, which is conducive to germination and colonization as soon as possible.
Fourth, the bacteria cover soil
Mushrooms closed time, according to the temperature conditions at that time, generally can be maintained for 3 to 5 days. After entering the shed to observe, the strains have germinated, mycelium is mostly between 0.2-0.3 cm, and the longest is more than 0.4 cm. At this time, the strains have already been planted. Open about 1/4 of the air vent to make it slow to change air, such as air drying, spray humidifying properly, and cover the material surface with a layer of waste newspaper or woven bag, which will not only retain moisture but also block light. If the temperature of the greenhouse is too high, let it be ventilated and keep the relative humidity at about 75%. After about 20 days, the mycelium can be basically filled with the material, and the material can be opened for inspection. More than 2/3 of the thickness of the base material is covered with mycelium, and a small amount has been sent to the bottom of the material to cover the soil.
Cover soil thickness is generally about 3 cm, but mainly depends on the physicochemical properties of the cover material, such as peat soil material, can be thick to 5 cm, such as clay soil or sandy soil can be appropriately reduced to about 2 cm in thickness. After covering the soil, the surface of the material bed is immediately leveled, and a suitable amount of fresh water is sprayed to wet the covering layer. The point is that no excess water is allowed to sink into the material.
Fifth, after maturity management
About 20 days after covering the earth, hyphae emerged on the surface of the material bed. At this time, temperature control should be strengthened to minimize the temperature of the greenhouse, and combined with adequate ventilation to make the surface slightly dry. The aerial mycelium is unearthed so that the hyphae below the soil layer continue to grow and expand, and the mycelium is fully physiologically mature at this stage; when fruit bodies are found on the side wall of the material bed, they can be transferred into the mushroom management.
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