Yellow-throated Terrapin breeding techniques Yellow-throated turtles, also known as stone turtles, water turtles, and sweet tortoises, are found in areas such as southern China and southern China. They are produced in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces and are more beautiful in shape and larger in size in Vietnam. In the region, the large yellow-water turtle produced in Vietnam is called "Stone money turtle". The yellow-throated water turtle has high medicinal value and remarkable detoxification effect, and has a good therapeutic effect on chronic diseases such as old stomach disease and old bronchitis. The best-selling market for health products and therapeutic drugs made with traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the yellow-throated turtle is the best turtle species used to cultivate green-haired turtles. Since the number of aquatic turtles in the wild is relatively small, their breeding is much less than that of turtles. Commercial turtles are very popular in the market, and the price per kilogram amounts to 600-800 yuan, so the market prospects for breeding aquatic turtles are very promising.
First, form and habits:
Yellow-throated turtles are vertebrates, reptiles, turtles, turtle subfamily, turtles, valleys are called turtles, yellow plate turtles. Carapace brown, with 3 ridges, 1 in the middle, not clear on both sides, neatly trimmed, and slightly jagged at the rear; plastron yellow, with brownish-black spots on each side of the scutellum; , called the "ivory plate"; A bridge obvious, narrow shield, small shield small; small head, head and back smooth and scaleless, behind the eye to the tympanic membrane has two yellow vertical stripes; throat yellow, hence the yellow Throat turtles.
The male and female characteristics of the yellow-throated turtle are as follows: The female has a yellow armor, a short and thick tail, a flat plastron, and a short and thick torso; the male turtle has a darker color than the female turtle, a slightly concave middle plastron, and a tail base and tail. Longer, longer and thinner trunk. Yellow-throated turtles are aquatic turtles, but they also have the habit of climbing ashore. The body temperature changes with the outside temperature, but is slightly higher than the outside temperature. In general, in early November every year, when the temperature is below 12 degrees Celsius, it begins to hibernate in the mud at the bottom of the loach, and by the early April of the following year, the temperature rises to 12 degrees Celsius and wakes up. When the temperature reaches 20 degrees Celsius or above, the turtle eats food and The activity will return to normal. From late April to late October, the ambient temperature is between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. This stage is the peak season for the yellow-throated turtle to ingest and grow, and it is also the mating and breeding stage. The suitable growth temperature of the yellow-throated turtle is 22-32 degrees Celsius. When the ambient temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, the yellow-throated turtle has a phenomenon of summer sleep. When the temperature is lower than 20 degrees Celsius, the amount of turtle food decreases, and it is not eaten. Below 12 degrees Celsius, the turtle does not feed and enters hibernation. Under artificial breeding conditions, in winter, turtle ponds should be prevented from freezing, and there is no special situation. Do not disturb the turtles in hibernation, so as not to lose the turtle's energy.
Second, species of turtle feeding:
1. The design of the pro-turtle pool is irritating to the wind, the sedation of the carcass and the fear of shock and the fear of dirtyness. The pro-turtle pool should be built in a place where there is plenty of sunshine, a good water source, and a quiet environment. Turtle pool can be roughly divided into two kinds: soil pool and cement pool. The depth of soil pool is 80~100 cm, and the water level is basically stable. Because turtle ponds are built outdoors, the upper part of the turtle ponds must be shaded during the hot season. Avoid exposure. Cement pond water is determined according to the number of turtles. In order to make reasonable use of the area, management convenience and beauty, the length and width ratio of turtle ponds is 2:1; the ratio of ponds, bait farms and spawning grounds is 2:1:1. The three parts are: Similarly, the slope of the pool and turtle nest is about 20 degrees, the pool height is 60 centimeters, the water depth is 20 to 30 centimeters, and the spawning place is 30 centimeters deep. The bottom of the concrete pool and the slope must be smooth to prevent the turtle from grinding the plastron.
2, feeding turtles (1) water quality pool water is greenish brown, transparency 30 to 50 cm, PH value of 7.2 to 8.5. The minimum water quality standard is that the pool water must not be turbid and there should be no foul smell. When changing the water, discharge half of the pool water and add water to the original water level. (2) Huangliao turtle is an omnivorous animal. Artificial breeding can use animal and plant mixed bait. For example, full-price pellets can also be used. Animal foods such as small fish shrimp, clams, mealworms, snails, clams and animal organs, plant foods such as barley, soybean cake, corn, sorghum and fruits. Practice has shown that yellow-throated turtles prefer to eat animal feed, such as small fish, shrimp, liver, chicken intestine and so on. (3) feeding, feeding, feeding, timing, fixed point, quantitative, qualitative. From April to May and from September to October, they are fed once a day at about 4 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon. From June to August, they will be fed one at a time around 7 am and around 4-6 pm. The bait is put on the bait station or bait field, and the feeding amount accounts for about 5% of the overall weight of the turtle, and it is advisable to eat it about one hour after feeding, so as not to deteriorate the food overnight. (4) Day-to-day management mainly observes the eating activities of turtles, and checks whether or not the turtle escapes and whether there is any disability. If the turtle is unable to swim on the surface of the water, or if it often shrinks to a corner and does not feed, it must be isolated, observed and treated. Daily cleaning of the bait station, according to the situation to replace the pool water, generally 1 to 2 hours after feeding to change the water, but the water temperature difference can not exceed 4 to 5 degrees Celsius, or in the morning when the temperature is less than the temperature difference is less. In the summer, plant shades such as sponge gourds on the poolside, and build a shed in the upper part of the pool to prevent the turtles from being exposed to heat and death. (5) Overwintering management Before the turtles pass winter, feed more high-protein animal feeds so that the turtles can accumulate enough nutrients. Before the wintering time, turtles should be disinfected to avoid disease during the overwintering period. For disabled or sick turtles should be isolated and treated, or treated as commercial turtles, can not be kept overwinter with other turtles. After the pool water is full, there is no need to change the water without special circumstances. Try not to disturb the turtle in hibernation. In the cold season, the upper part of the turtle pond covers the film to prevent it from freezing. We must also prevent rats and weasels from harming turtles.
3. Procreation of pro-turtles In the natural world, the gonads of yellow-throated turtles must be above 6 instars and over 300 grams in weight to be mature, and turtles around 10 instars have a high reproduction rate. Under artificial breeding conditions, 5 to 10 turtles per square meter were put into use, and the ratio of male to female was 3:1. When the water temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius, the turtles begin estrus and mating. They mate during the day and night, but most of them mate in the evening. Female turtles swim in the water during estrus, and appear to be excited. There are several males around a female turtle. One male turtle, which is very flexible, pounces on the turtle's back and grabs the edge of the female turtle's dorsal arm to bite the female turtle. In the neck, the two turtles swim in the water and their heads stick out of the water. The male turtle inserts the transfer device into the reproductive cavity of the female turtle to inflate. Turtles were mated that year and were fertilized every other year. Third, spawning and hatching 1. Spawning mature sexual female turtles, mid-May to early August is the spawning season, from late June to late July is the peak period of spawning. The water temperature of 28 to 32 degrees Celsius is the optimum temperature for turtles to lay eggs. The female turtle climbs ashore 1 to 3 days before spawning and crawls outside to select spawning sites. Turtles generally choose pines with loose soil and digging holes on slopes with a soil moisture content of about 10%. Female tortoises are fixed on the forelegs, and the two hind limbs are excavated alternately. After loosening the soil inside the caves, they are lifted with claws and put on the outside of the cave. Sometimes the soil is dry and hard. The female turtle discharges urine from the accessory bladder and moistens the soil. Dig a hole. If the cave is caved in, or if it is too wet, the female will dig another hole.
After the egg hole is dug, the female turtle lays on the hole and rests for a while. The forelimb supports the ground during spawning. The hind limbs are on both sides of the cave. The excretion chamber is just opposite the cave and the tail extends into the cave. After laying an egg, use the hind legs to arrange the eggs in the hole. After production, use the hind legs to dig out the mud sand to the hole, cover the eggs, and flatten it with the plastron without leaving any marks. Females lay 3 to 7 eggs each time, spawning 2 times a year. Fertilized egg gray white egg shell, egg size, smooth surface and color, non-stick sand; unfertilized eggs generally vary in size, eggshell fragile, and muddy sand.
2, hatching in natural conditions, due to natural temperature incubation, low temperature, large temperature difference, long incubation time, there are rats, ants, snakes and other hazards, so the hatching rate is low. In order to increase the hatching rate, artificial hatching should be used. During the spawning of turtles, visit the spawning grounds every morning. If eggs are found, do not remove the eggs immediately. At this time, the embryo of the turtle eggs has been fixed, the animal poles and the plant pole boundaries are obvious, and a round white dot appears at the extreme end of the animal. When picking eggs, ovum pots can be used, plastic pots can also be used, the bottom of the first layer of about 2 cm thick layer of fine sand. Gently pry open the ovary by hand, remove any eggs in the cave with your fingers or tweezers, and place the white animal of the turtle upright and gently place it in the pot.
Incubator box with a special wooden box, generally 60 centimeters long, 30 centimeters wide, 10 centimeters high, the bottom of the box drilling several drainage holes. At the bottom of the tank, a layer of clean sand with a thickness of 5 cm is used to discharge the turtle's eggs. A layer of 2 cm thick sand is then covered with a piece of clean damp cloth. After the eggs are laid, they cannot be flipped. The incubation temperature is controlled at 28 to 34 degrees Celsius, and the moisture content of the sand is about 5 to 10%, which means that the sand is held in a ball by hand and released. After about 50 days of hatching, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is above 95%. For large-scale breeding, an incubator can be used, or a hatchery can be built.
Fourth, hatchling turtle hatching from the eggs to the turtle before the hibernation was called young turtles. Some of the juvenile tortoises did not converge and fall off and there was a yolk sac between the webs. To prevent scratching of the juvenile umbilicus, the turtle should be kept in a smooth pot for 2 to 4 days, and a small amount of water should be placed in the basin. The juvenile turtle has a long web and a strong crawl, and then it is transferred to a hatchery pool for cultivation. The hatchery pool is generally built indoors. The area is determined by the number of hatchlings. There are 50 to 80 juvenile turtles that can raise 5 to 10 grams per square meter. Put a thin layer of water in the pool of juvenile turtles, put one or several bait pots.
The juvenile turtle has a weak gastrointestinal function and should be fed a delicate, fresh, easily digested, nutrient-rich bait, such as minced fish, quail, cooked egg yolk, and later fed minced pork lean, liver and wheat flour. . Feed 2 or 3 times a day, change the water once a day, the water temperature difference can not exceed 3 degrees Celsius, keep the water clean, no odor. As long as it is carefully managed, the hatchlings can grow to 10-20 grams until winter, and they will be transferred to outdoor turtle pools for breeding in April next year. Juvenile turtle breeding methods are basically the same as juvenile turtles, but the stocking density of 30 to 50 per square meter, the food can be added feed worms, mealworms and small fish, snails and other small cut.
Fifth, turtle disease prevention yellow throat water turtle disease resistance is stronger. However, if the husbandry is poorly managed, the water quality is corrupted or the water temperature changes too much, the feed is monotonous or malnutrition, and the prevention measures are not effective, which will cause the occurrence of a turtle disease. Therefore, daily management should fully consider the living habits of turtles and adapt to their growth needs in many ways.
1, the water quality to be a good water turtle in addition to the sun outside the back usually live in water, should be kept clean and cool. Water sources can use clean river water or tap water. Generally, once a week, the temperature difference of the exchanged water source should not exceed 4~5 degrees Celsius, and the water disinfectant should be sterilized with the water disinfectant every 7~15 days, so as not to spread pathogenic bacteria in the turtle pond. 2, feed to fresh daily feeding of animal food to ensure quality, absolutely corrupted feed for degenerate corruption, add appropriate amount of antibiotics in the feed every 15 days, in order to improve the disease resistance of the turtle.
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