Technique of drip irrigation and fertilization under plastic film in greenhouse

The submerged drip irrigation and fertilization of vegetable water and fertilizer is a new agricultural technology that combines fertilization and irrigation on the basis of mulching. This method of irrigation and fertilization is through the drip irrigation system, and the fertilizer is paired into fertilizer solution and fed to the root soil of the crop at the same time for irrigation, so that the crop root can be directly absorbed and utilized. The method can accurately control the amount of irrigation, the amount of fertilizer applied and the time of irrigation and fertilization, and significantly increase the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.

Since April 2003, Daxing Town has implemented the provincial “Farming Fertilization Technology Extension” Harvest Project. I stood in line with the implementation of the project, carried out three tests on the utilization rates of irrigation water, fertilizer and fertilizer for peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers in protected areas, and achieved good economic, ecological and social benefits. The techniques for drip irrigation and fertilization of vegetable plastic film covering greenhouses are described below.

Drip irrigation system

1.1 The water conservancy greenhouses can implement underground water conveyance projects. Valves are provided in each greenhouse, and the pumps are controlled by microcomputers. A storage tank can be built in a single shed. It is generally built on the side wall of a greenhouse with a capacity of not less than 3 cubic meters.

1.2 The first installation of pumps, filters, pressure regulating valves, flow regulators and fertilizing tanks.

1.3 Water pipelines The installation stages of drip irrigation pipelines are determined according to the source pressure and drip irrigation area. Three-stage pipes are generally used, namely trunk pipes, branch pipes and capillary tubes. Thin-wall PE pipes can be used in the pipeline to reduce the project cost without affecting the service life.

1.4 Bypass has a pressure regulating function, convenient connection, and the position and spacing of the drip irrigation pipe can be arbitrarily adjusted.

1.5 drip irrigation pipe dripper detachable, such as clogging, easy to clean; dripper flow is small, can form a better moist body.

2. Drip irrigation

2.1 drip irrigation under the membrane, drip irrigation pipe (band) laid on the ground surface, covered under the membrane.

2.2 Buried drip irrigation drip irrigation pipe buried in the ground 30 to 35 cm, the water through the dripping head of the buried capillary slowly dripping into the soil, and then through the capillary effect of infiltration of crop roots. The technology has less disturbance to the soil, which is conducive to the crops maintaining the loose and transparent environmental conditions of the roots, drying the surface soil and reducing the growth of weeds.

3. Technical measures

3.1 Drip irrigation technology According to crop water physiological and soil conditions to develop irrigation programs, including irrigation quota, a irrigation time, irrigation cycle, the number of irrigation.

3.2 fertilization technology According to crop nutrient physiology and soil conditions to determine the fertilization system, such as adding fertilizer time, quantity, proportion, frequency and total fertilizer.

3.3 Water and Fertilizer Coupling Procedures for Water and Fertilizer Coupling: Determine the target yield based on crop growth conditions and pre-season yields. Formulate fertilization recipes based on theoretical data on crop nutrition: adjust formulas based on soil conditions; calculate fertilization rates based on fertigation fertilizer application rates under drip fertigation; Optional fertilizer; with the irrigation system configuration with fertilizer.

3.4 Technology integration Supporting the use of protective land mulch to cover water conservation, water retention agent applications and other agronomic water conservation technologies and application of biological fertilizers, organic fertilizer fertilizing fertility and other fertilizers.

4. How to use

4.1 Ridge cultivation Two rows of crops are planted on each ridge.

4.2 Laying drip irrigation pipes Lay drip irrigation pipes (bands) in the middle of high ridges and bury them underground or under the membrane.

4.3 Fertilization During fertilization, urea and other soluble fertilizers are dissolved in fertiliser tanks and applied to the roots of crops with water. After fertilizing, drip with water without fertilizer for 30 minutes.

4.4 When drip irrigation, open the main pipe plug, flush for 3 minutes, and then install the plug.

4.5 Cleaning After a period of irrigation, the filter should be opened for cleaning.

5. Benefit analysis

Compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation fertilization technology has a higher degree of automation, can achieve accurate irrigation, precision fertilization, with water, fertilizer, saving medicine, land and labor, improve soil and micro-ecological environment and other advantages.

5.1 Estimated Economic Benefits Applying drip irrigation and fertilization techniques, the yield per hectare of vegetables is increased by 400 to 1,000 kg per 667 square meters, and the net income is increased by more than 2,000 yuan. The economic benefits are significant. In addition, drip irrigation reduced the humidity in the greenhouse, reduced the degree of pests and diseases, saving more than 80 yuan per 667 square meters of pesticides.

5.2 Ecological Benefits The drip irrigation fertilization can make the irrigation water use rate reach 90%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate can reach 60% in the season. Compared with the surface irrigation, the water saving can be 30% to 50%, the fertilizer can be 25% to 30%, and the water flow can be reduced. Leakage of deep leaks and highly mobile nutrients such as nitrogen leaches groundwater pollution.

5.3 Social Benefits Drip fertigation can reduce the labor intensity of irrigation and fertilization, and is conducive to standardized production of vegetables, improve the quality of vegetables and market-oriented, and promote farmers to increase income.

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