Why hybrid rice is empty

In recent years, hybrid rice has been promoted, and the rate of empty pods is high, which is mainly caused by the physiological weakness of hybrid rice itself. The main points are as follows:

The first is the low photosynthetic efficiency in the later period, resulting in a higher empty rate. Studies have shown that, except for the tillering period, the photosynthetic efficiency of young spikelet differentiation stage, booting stage and milk ripening stage is lower than that of conventional rice. The early photosynthetic advantage led to the differentiation of large panicles, while the later photosynthetic inferiority caused the lack of filling material, resulting in a higher emptying rate than conventional rice.

The second is the narrow adaptability to temperature variation, which can easily lead to high temperature or low temperature hazards. At present, hybrid rice grown in China has mostly male parents from Southeast Asia and is sensitive to temperature. The biological starting temperature of hybrid rice is 1～2°C higher than that of conventional rice, and the daily average temperature is lower than 23°C. The earing rate increases significantly and the necking phenomenon is serious. The average daily temperature is higher than 35°C. The shell rate will also increase.

The third is poor disease resistance. Some of the hybrid rice combinations currently promoted have poor resistance to major pests, coupled with lush foliage, dark green leaves, and a long grouting period for hybrid rice, and are susceptible to pests and diseases. In the case of hybrid rice seedlings, the number of populations per plant under the same population density is 3 to 4 times that of conventional rice. If the control is not timely, pests and diseases are more serious than conventional rice.

How to improve the seed setting rate of hybrid rice? The current measures commonly used in production are:

Nurturing and growing. The formation of various parts of rice plants in hybrid rice requires a process of differentiation and development, especially early and late rice. The vegetative growth period is about 1/2 to 3/4 of the time spent in the paddy fields. Ageing is the key to high yields. The shorter the growing period of rice fields after rice transplanting, the more prominent the role of strong and strong.

Less age-appropriate insertion, reasonable dense planting. The current promotion of hybrid rice, the photosensitivity and basic nutrient growth is medium, young age flexibility. Age-appropriate transplanting can prevent the aging of seedlings, give full play to the advantage of delivery, and achieve high yields. Hybrid rice has large panicles and grains, strong ability to tiller, and a large proportion of tillers and spikes. The density of transplanted rice is thinner than that of conventional rice, and the number of basic rice seedlings is less than that of conventional rice. However, on the basis of protecting certain positive seedlings, a small loquat shall be planted and a certain number of panicles must be obtained for the coordinated development of the panicles, grains and heavy weights.

Rational fertilization. Increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, mainly to promote the early stage, the appropriate control in the middle period, make up after the application of granular fertilizer.

Reasonably irrigated. After plugging, the seedlings are generally protected by deep water. During the tillering period, shallow water is used for groundwater irrigation, and the field is ripe at the end of the tillering season. However, it is not appropriate to re-exposure the sun, and it is advisable to lightly expose the long-term dew. After the short-term water retention, dry and wet irrigation is generally adopted. Water cut off during mature period is not appropriate. Prevent premature aging and increase grain weight.

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