Due to its unique breeding characteristics, Founder Yinluo differs from other fish in broodstock breeding, fry production, and seedling cultivation.
First, broodstock breeding
(I) Broodstock cultivation conditions
There are no strict requirements for the cultivation of the ponds of Founder Juvenile broodstock. The use of earthen ponds is good, and ponds can be large or small, ranging from 1 mu to 10 mu. The shape of the fish pond is oriented to the conditions of the fishery. Of course, the size of the fish pond is better, and the water depth is 10 to 2 meters. However, the pond must be clean, with about 10CM of silt layer, not long weeds in the pool water, and certain water in the pool. The fatness is beneficial to the artificial breeding of artificial bait.
The broodstock pond can also be used as a breeding pond for bream and bream fishes as a broodstock breeding pond for nestlings, which is more conducive to the comprehensive utilization of fish ponds, but it is not possible to stock mullet species.
(B) Reserve broodstock selection
Selection criteria
(1) High-profile individuals: In the natural population of silver carp, the high-back type and low-back type groups are distinguished by variation. The growth rate of high-back type is about 46% faster than that of low-back type; (2) Faster growth: In the south, individuals with a fishtail weight of 0.15 Kg or more were selected, and individuals with a fishtail weight of 0,1 Kg or more in the north were selected.
(3) 30 to 32 scales of lateral scales (4) Robust, scale-free, disease-free individuals. 2. Sex selection (1) Females are mainly selected for the production of nymphs, and only females are selected; (2) In order to preserve the population and replace it for future generations, a certain number of male fish must be retained.
The alternatives of generations are difficult to distinguish due to the shape of the Founder's silver carp, which is easily immersed in all types of water bodies, and raises issues such as feeding and management. The Founder Silver Carp is easily degraded after 2/3 years of use. , affect the production efficiency. Therefore, as a broodstock needs to be updated every 3 years or so. The updated method is:
(1) According to the above criteria, females selected from spawning broodstock are self-crossed with the above-preserved males to test the growth effects of the offspring, and the offspring that will maintain the production performance of the original species of the silver pupa will be kept as reserve broodstock to be cultivated.
(2) According to the above criteria, select some of the females from the spawning broodstock to mate with the males of the mackerel and raise the offsprings of each line separately. Through the growth comparison, select from these offspring to maintain the production performance of the original species. Reserved for rearing broodstock.
(three) broodstock breeding
1. Broodstock stocking specifications and stocking densities
The broodstock breeding can be divided into reserve broodstock breeding and postpartum broodstock breeding, both of which can be produced by both main breeding and nest raising. The cultivation of post-partum broodstock should be strengthened even more. It is related to the reproductive efficiency of the following year.
(l) Cultivation techniques for the main pools: Choose 3∽5 acres of fish ponds and adopt domesticated fish culture techniques to concentrate the cultivation of a large number of broodstock in size and easy management and prevention of fish diseases. After the main fish pond is out of the pond in the autumn, the pool water should be drained as much as possible, and the pond should be drained as much as possible. The silt should be removed and dried for a period of time so that the organic matter in the pool can be fully oxidized and decomposed into inorganic matter. One week before the fish was released, it was disinfected with quick lime. The amount of quicklime was about 75 Kg per acre. After 2 to 3 days, the pond is filled with water and the water depth is about 50 to 70 CM. When pro-fish enter the pool, it is necessary to soak the fish in a timely manner for about 10 minutes. The length of the soaking time depends on the water temperature and the fish's constitution.
The main broodstock foster broodstock will be bred female and male fish ponds, at the same time to prevent wild quail or other species mixed in to prevent breeding in the pool. Due to the high fecundity of herring and spawning in batches, it is common to see juveniles of different size and quantity in the pool, which compete with broodstock to affect the cultivation of broodstock. If the main pool only bred female fish, use it to produce heterotrophic seedlings, pond cultivation is relatively simple, but in the selection of reserve broodstock, we must strictly distinguish between male and female fish, can not let a male fish mixed, otherwise it is difficult To master the number of cultivation, this work is more difficult to do.
With regard to the stocking specifications of broodstock, it has already been mentioned that the age of sexual maturity of Fangzheng Juvenile is 2 years old, that is, it begins to breed in the 2nd year after birth, but this year is the first production and the reproductive power is not high, about 0.3 ∽ 2 Ten thousand eggs, therefore, this year should be replanted as a reserve broodstock for a year. For the stocking specifications, individuals with a body weight of 0.1 Kg or more were selected from the l-individual fish in the northern region, and individuals with a body weight of 0.15 Kg were selected from the first-instar fish in the southern region.
The stocking density of the main raising pond should be lower than that of commercial fish rearing ponds. Generally, 300 to 500 acres are put in the mu, and about 400 rearing and squid springs are stocked together. In this way, after one year of cultivation, the size of broodstock can reach 0.3∽0.5Kg qualified broodstock, and the amount of eggs laid can reach about 50,000 capsules per end, and the fertilization rate, hatching rate are high, and the quality of fry is good.
The cultivation of postpartum broodstock must be strengthened. High-quality feeds should be fed. Substances and microelements that promote the development of gonadal and improve the healthy development of offspring should be added to feedstuffs, and domesticated fish culture techniques should be used to ensure the recovery and development of postpartum broodstock ovaries.
(2) Nutrient pond cultivation techniques: It is better to choose oysters and puffer fish cultivation ponds as nesting ponds, and the pond area can be large or small, preferably 5 ∽ 10 mus. Set-ups can save feed and reduce costs without special management. The eating habits of Founder Jubilee have been mentioned before. Adult fish mainly eat algae, plants, detritus and a small amount of benthic organisms, and their feed ingredients are similar to those of squid, while pupa and pupae cultivation ponds generally have more water quality and are suitable for their growth and gonadal development. This farming method is more suitable for the cultivation of postpartum broodstock. Due to the small number of nesting, it is beneficial to its growth and development, but the disadvantage is that it is difficult to recover the broodstock. The ponds in the clear ponds are sterilized and the fish body disinfection and broodstock stocking specifications during stocking are the same as those in the main pool. The number of stocking is generally 100∽150. After the fall, they can be bred to 0.25∽0.4Kg qualified broodstock.
2. Daily management regulates water quality; this is a very important task in broodstock breeding work. Its purpose is to enable the broodstock to live in the best ecological environment and ensure the broodstock's robust growth and development. The main tasks are: 1 timely water injection, gradually increase The water depth of the pond is a necessary condition for fish life, and it is also the most important limiting factor. The depth of pool water is gradually deepened with the increase of temperature and water temperature and the growth and development of the fish body, from 50 to 70 CM when stocking, and finally to 1.5 to 2.5 meters. Water is added 1 to 2 times a week. The number of water additions is determined by the water holding capacity of the fish pond, the daily evaporation amount and the fatness of the pool water. Each injection of water is 11∽15CM. 2 Adjust the pH of the water. The fish culture water is preferably alkaline, ie PH value 7-8. Below 7, can be adjusted with quicklime. About 10 kg per mu, Quanchiposa, it can also prevent fish disease. PH value is higher than 9, the application of river water or groundwater regulation, drain some of the water, inject a portion of water; 3 mechanical oxygen: another role of timely injection of water is to promote the growth and reproduction of plankton, keep the pool of water with high dissolved oxygen However, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool also increases with the increase of individual fish species, growth, reproduction, and quantity of pool organisms, pool water aging, summer and autumn temperatures and water temperature, and increased organic oxygen consumption in the water. In particular, in the event of rainy or sweltering days, the dissolved oxygen in the pond is indebted to midnight. At this time, due to the lack of oxygen in the pond, the dead fish is flooded. Therefore, the method of mechanical aeration is used. (Normally, it is turned on at noon for l∽2 hours. After midnight to start the morning of the next day, increase the dissolved oxygen in the pool water to ensure the normal life and feeding of broodstock.
(2) feeding on time: The main pool must be fed. Preparation of pellet feeds suitable for broodstock growth and gonadal development, particle size. Depending on the palatability of the broodstock. The daily feeding amount was 4 ∽ 5% of the fish's body weight, and the daily feeding was 3 ∽ 4 times, feeding 30 ∽ 40 minutes each time. The bait-feeding station was set up and the domesticated fish farming technique was adopted. The feeding habits of squid are different from those of squid. In natural water, they disperse and feed, and there are few clusters. Therefore, domestication is more difficult. However, in order to ensure the quality of broodstock breeding, domestication must be maintained. Domestication should begin with summer flowers, and the habit of eating artificial diets should be cultivated from a young age to lay a good foundation for the cultivation of reserve broodstock.
(3) Patrolling ponds: Every morning, afternoon, and evening, the patrol ponds are once. The patrol pond mainly observes the activities of broodstocks. At dawn, is there a floating head phenomenon and how floating head level is; during the day with feeding and baiting, the broodstock is inspected for food intake, the food intake in the near day is checked at dusk, and there is no food at the table. Wait. In the cool season, when the weather changes abruptly, the fishes are prone to serious floating heads. At this time, the ponds should be patrolled around midnight to prevent and prevent the flooding of ponds. Simultaneously. To regularly check the health of the fish, according to the characteristics of the fish, the incidence of the season and the main diseases. Take medications on time, use fishponds spilled or made bait. In general, Quanchiposa 1ppm bleaching powder (according to “fishing†0.3ppm) or 0.2∽0.5ppm trichlorfon once every half of the month, both of which can be used interchangeably, or can be splashed with quicklime 15∽20Kg per 1m water depth. To achieve improved water quality and kill pathogenic bacteria in water. In the summer and autumn, the broodstock is very susceptible to enteritis and Aeromonas hydrophila (negative sepsis, negative in summer, positive in winter), available sulfaguanidine powder (fish body weight per sulfate 1g for 50Kg), thiram, etc. Made of bait feeding, 6 days a course of treatment, feeding once a day, the first day with the full amount, the second day to the sixth day of the drug by half.
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