In Sichuan, Neijiang, Mianyang, Jixian, Ya'an, and other cities and counties, many farmers used the scaffolding mode to cultivate large bitter gourds and obtained high yields. The yield per mu was 5,000 to 6,000 kilograms, and the economic benefits were good. In order to enable the vast number of farmers to grasp the cultivation techniques of bitter gourd scaffolding as soon as possible, the following are detailed:
1. Soak germination. Choose good-looking, medium-maturing large bitter gourd varieties that grow vigorously, have strong results, have a full waist and a fruit length of 25 cm or more, such as Cuiyu, Cuixi, Cuixiu, Bixiu, Xiuhua and Yuehua. The suitable sowing date is from late January to mid-February. Because the bitter gourd seed coat is hard and thick, and the seedlings are growing slowly, it is necessary to use seed-soaked seed germination. After the seeds were selected for sunny exposure for 1 day, the tips of the seeds were gently opened with the teeth or gently opened with a nail clipper. Then put it in warm water of 30-35°C for 6 hours, then soak the seeds, wash them and place them in the place of 28-32°C to moisturize and germinate. After 48 hours, the seeds begin to germinate and sprout. If a large area of ​​cultivation, with germination box germination, the effect is good, the loss is small.
2. With nutrient soil. 40% of garden soil or field soil, 40% of cooked pigs and cow dung, 20% of fine sand mixed into nutrient soil, and 200 g of urea and 1 kg of superphosphate are added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and the appropriate concentration of multi-microbe is sprayed. Spirit solution, fully mix and cover the stack for 3 to 5 days. If you are in trouble, you can directly purchase "Meng Miao No. 2" nutritious soil.
3. Sowing seedlings. The well-matched soil will be placed in the seedbed and flattened. The soil shall be 10cm thick and soaked in the bottom water. The seeds shall be sown at a density of 8cm and 8cm. After sowing, the soil shall cover 2 to 3cm. The cover film shall be moistened and the double arched membrane shall be kept at 25°C. Above, Eli seed germination growth. After emergence, cover with shade net and black plastic film for 1 hour in the morning and evening so as to keep the sunshine time at the seedling stage within 10 hours; at the same time, pay attention to the foliar fertilizers such as rushing grass and spraying farmer's chlorophyll, ventilate and adjust the temperature, and spray properly. Water keeps the soil moist and timely sprays the disinfectant liquid to cultivate strong seedlings. The "big bitter gourd" is about 25 days old, and 5 to 6 true leaves of the seedlings can be planted.
4. For planting plants. Select the fertile fields that have not been cultivated in recent years. Before planting for 10 days, plow till the soil is ploughed. Apply 3,000 to 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 30 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, and 15 kg of potassium chloride. After the leveling, ridging.畦 width 4 to 5 meters (ie, the width of the scaffolding. Note the difference between it and the traditional cultivation of bitter gourd); length is not limited. In the middle of April, it was planted on sunny afternoons, and planting distance was 1.8-2 meters. Each row was planted with 2 rows and 120-150 plants per acre were planted. The depth of seedlings was suitable for the cotyledons of the seedlings. When planting seedlings, strong seedlings should be selected as much as possible. Elimination of diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, and deformed seedlings as much as possible. Immediately after planting, the roots were filled with water, and then the temperature in the shed was increased, or a small shed for each seedling was used for heat preservation to encourage the seedlings to survive as soon as possible.
5. Control water to raise seedlings. Bitter gourd is not tolerant to yin, and after planting the slow-growing seedlings, proper watering should be controlled in time to promote root development and plant growth. About 10 days after transplanting, the available chlorophyll fertilizer can be sprayed by the farmer or 1500 times liquid or watered seedlings, or 3-5 tons of urea can be used to water the seedlings, which will help to raise seedlings in time and enhance plant resistance. If the weather is clear and the temperature rises, it is advisable to properly uncover the cover film to provide adequate ventilation.
6. Plug rack scaffolding. After bitter gourd pumping vines, they must be put on scaffolding. The material used for the scaffolding is preferably a bamboo with a diameter of 4 cm or more. After the base is deeply inserted into the soil, the tips of the bamboo scaffolds are tied together with the tip of the bamboo frame opposite the concrete. The tunnel-shaped arch shed with a height of 1.8 meters is finally formed. A tie rod is added to the waist to ensure the stability of the scaffold.
7. Pruning leads. The bitter gourd colonized after being planted and survived is very fast. It is necessary to use a fine braided belt to draw it in time to get it on the shelf. From the base, one meter below the side of the vine is removed, leaving only one main vine. The bitter gourd's main vines have very strong branching ability. The main vines on the shelves will soon grow many side vines. Afterwards, the side vines will no longer be removed, but the side vines will be timely hauled into fan-shaped climbing frames so that the main vines can evenly cover the sheds. The shelves do not block each other. The bitter gourd is dominated by side vines, and in the middle and late period, the branches are full of fruit, and some small side vines are also hung with melon strips. The branches and leaves are also extremely luxuriant. At this time, it is necessary to remove excessively closed and delicate lateral branches and yellow. Leaf, diseased leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation, reduce pests and diseases, delay plant aging.
8. Top dressing watering. The large bitter gourd has a large amount of results and a long harvest time. As long as it is properly managed, it can generally be postponed until November. Because of the long harvest period, the amount of fertilizer needed is also very large. In the initial stage of the results, generally 20% of the diluted manure is used to meet the basic growth requirements, but in the middle and later stages, it is easy to de-fertilize and the branches are thin, yellow and green. , Result is small, melon is small, bitter taste, and even premature plant failure, etc., so in the results of the flood season to timely fertilizer, potassium sulfate can be used per mu 5 kg, superphosphate 10 ~ 15 kg plus urea 10 ~ 15 kg, Water pouring or buried. The top dressing is usually applied every 10 to 15 days. The bitter gourd plants are less moisture-resistant, but the water requirement is not small. During the growth period, the relative humidity of the air and the relative humidity of the soil are required to be 70% to 80%.
10. Control pests. 1 anthrax disease. It is prone to onset in hot and rainy seasons. When the leaves are infected, the water-stained spindles or round spots initially appear, and then the leaves gradually dry up and become black. There is a purple-black circle on the periphery, similar to the concentric ring pattern, the center of the lesion is broken and the leaves fall off when drying. Prevention: At the beginning of the disease, the diseased leaf is removed at any time and burned in time, and 70% mancozeb powder 400 times solution or 50% anthraquinone formamide powder 300 to 400 times solution, or 80% zeozin 800 times solution or 50% thiol is promptly used. Bujin 1,000 times spraying the front and back of the leaves, once every 5 to 7 days.
2 disease. In the seedling stage, the diseased leaves were dark green water-smelling at the growth spot and the young leaves; the adult-planted disease mostly had round or irregular dark-green water-spotted lesions in the leaves, and yellow spots appeared at the stem sections. Brown water huddled. Prevention: Spraying with Kelu, Precore, Anke Manganese Zinc or 54% Leidomil Manganese Zinc Powder 700 times, or 64% Anti MQ M8 Powder 450 times or 75% Chlorothalonil Powder 600 times. At the same time, attention should be paid to clean up the diseased leaves in the field and prevent rainwater from accumulating.
3 melon flies. The main prevention and control measures are the timely cleaning up of dead leaves in the fields, especially the pits around the vegetable garden, the regular use of lime and insecticides, and the timely killing of larvae parasitizing in the pits; once the adult pests are found in the fields, a broad-spectrum kill can be used. The insecticide “catching†10 grams sprayed 15 kilograms of water.
4 whitefly. Also called white moth. At the beginning of the damage, 10% Buprofimeng EC can be used 1000 times or 2.5% Trichosanthes Manganese EC 1000 times or 20% extinguishment can be used to spray the leaves at 2000 times, focusing on the back of young leaves every 5 to 7 days. once.
5 knot nematodes. The roots of the victimized bitter gourd have tumorous or root swellings of varying sizes. The root curvature curls up in one piece, and some of them protrude from the surface. The branches of the damaged plants grow weak, the leaves yellow, the leaf color fades, and they are not strong. Or badly. More difficult to control, mainly in the rotation of dry and dry, complete destruction of stubborn diseased plants, soil mixed with soil nematodes must be 1 kg per acre for prevention and treatment.
1. Soak germination. Choose good-looking, medium-maturing large bitter gourd varieties that grow vigorously, have strong results, have a full waist and a fruit length of 25 cm or more, such as Cuiyu, Cuixi, Cuixiu, Bixiu, Xiuhua and Yuehua. The suitable sowing date is from late January to mid-February. Because the bitter gourd seed coat is hard and thick, and the seedlings are growing slowly, it is necessary to use seed-soaked seed germination. After the seeds were selected for sunny exposure for 1 day, the tips of the seeds were gently opened with the teeth or gently opened with a nail clipper. Then put it in warm water of 30-35°C for 6 hours, then soak the seeds, wash them and place them in the place of 28-32°C to moisturize and germinate. After 48 hours, the seeds begin to germinate and sprout. If a large area of ​​cultivation, with germination box germination, the effect is good, the loss is small.
2. With nutrient soil. 40% of garden soil or field soil, 40% of cooked pigs and cow dung, 20% of fine sand mixed into nutrient soil, and 200 g of urea and 1 kg of superphosphate are added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and the appropriate concentration of multi-microbe is sprayed. Spirit solution, fully mix and cover the stack for 3 to 5 days. If you are in trouble, you can directly purchase "Meng Miao No. 2" nutritious soil.
3. Sowing seedlings. The well-matched soil will be placed in the seedbed and flattened. The soil shall be 10cm thick and soaked in the bottom water. The seeds shall be sown at a density of 8cm and 8cm. After sowing, the soil shall cover 2 to 3cm. The cover film shall be moistened and the double arched membrane shall be kept at 25°C. Above, Eli seed germination growth. After emergence, cover with shade net and black plastic film for 1 hour in the morning and evening so as to keep the sunshine time at the seedling stage within 10 hours; at the same time, pay attention to the foliar fertilizers such as rushing grass and spraying farmer's chlorophyll, ventilate and adjust the temperature, and spray properly. Water keeps the soil moist and timely sprays the disinfectant liquid to cultivate strong seedlings. The "big bitter gourd" is about 25 days old, and 5 to 6 true leaves of the seedlings can be planted.
4. For planting plants. Select the fertile fields that have not been cultivated in recent years. Before planting for 10 days, plow till the soil is ploughed. Apply 3,000 to 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 30 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, and 15 kg of potassium chloride. After the leveling, ridging.畦 width 4 to 5 meters (ie, the width of the scaffolding. Note the difference between it and the traditional cultivation of bitter gourd); length is not limited. In the middle of April, it was planted on sunny afternoons, and planting distance was 1.8-2 meters. Each row was planted with 2 rows and 120-150 plants per acre were planted. The depth of seedlings was suitable for the cotyledons of the seedlings. When planting seedlings, strong seedlings should be selected as much as possible. Elimination of diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, and deformed seedlings as much as possible. Immediately after planting, the roots were filled with water, and then the temperature in the shed was increased, or a small shed for each seedling was used for heat preservation to encourage the seedlings to survive as soon as possible.
5. Control water to raise seedlings. Bitter gourd is not tolerant to yin, and after planting the slow-growing seedlings, proper watering should be controlled in time to promote root development and plant growth. About 10 days after transplanting, the available chlorophyll fertilizer can be sprayed by the farmer or 1500 times liquid or watered seedlings, or 3-5 tons of urea can be used to water the seedlings, which will help to raise seedlings in time and enhance plant resistance. If the weather is clear and the temperature rises, it is advisable to properly uncover the cover film to provide adequate ventilation.
6. Plug rack scaffolding. After bitter gourd pumping vines, they must be put on scaffolding. The material used for the scaffolding is preferably a bamboo with a diameter of 4 cm or more. After the base is deeply inserted into the soil, the tips of the bamboo scaffolds are tied together with the tip of the bamboo frame opposite the concrete. The tunnel-shaped arch shed with a height of 1.8 meters is finally formed. A tie rod is added to the waist to ensure the stability of the scaffold.
7. Pruning leads. The bitter gourd colonized after being planted and survived is very fast. It is necessary to use a fine braided belt to draw it in time to get it on the shelf. From the base, one meter below the side of the vine is removed, leaving only one main vine. The bitter gourd's main vines have very strong branching ability. The main vines on the shelves will soon grow many side vines. Afterwards, the side vines will no longer be removed, but the side vines will be timely hauled into fan-shaped climbing frames so that the main vines can evenly cover the sheds. The shelves do not block each other. The bitter gourd is dominated by side vines, and in the middle and late period, the branches are full of fruit, and some small side vines are also hung with melon strips. The branches and leaves are also extremely luxuriant. At this time, it is necessary to remove excessively closed and delicate lateral branches and yellow. Leaf, diseased leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation, reduce pests and diseases, delay plant aging.
8. Top dressing watering. The large bitter gourd has a large amount of results and a long harvest time. As long as it is properly managed, it can generally be postponed until November. Because of the long harvest period, the amount of fertilizer needed is also very large. In the initial stage of the results, generally 20% of the diluted manure is used to meet the basic growth requirements, but in the middle and later stages, it is easy to de-fertilize and the branches are thin, yellow and green. , Result is small, melon is small, bitter taste, and even premature plant failure, etc., so in the results of the flood season to timely fertilizer, potassium sulfate can be used per mu 5 kg, superphosphate 10 ~ 15 kg plus urea 10 ~ 15 kg, Water pouring or buried. The top dressing is usually applied every 10 to 15 days. The bitter gourd plants are less moisture-resistant, but the water requirement is not small. During the growth period, the relative humidity of the air and the relative humidity of the soil are required to be 70% to 80%.
10. Control pests. 1 anthrax disease. It is prone to onset in hot and rainy seasons. When the leaves are infected, the water-stained spindles or round spots initially appear, and then the leaves gradually dry up and become black. There is a purple-black circle on the periphery, similar to the concentric ring pattern, the center of the lesion is broken and the leaves fall off when drying. Prevention: At the beginning of the disease, the diseased leaf is removed at any time and burned in time, and 70% mancozeb powder 400 times solution or 50% anthraquinone formamide powder 300 to 400 times solution, or 80% zeozin 800 times solution or 50% thiol is promptly used. Bujin 1,000 times spraying the front and back of the leaves, once every 5 to 7 days.
2 disease. In the seedling stage, the diseased leaves were dark green water-smelling at the growth spot and the young leaves; the adult-planted disease mostly had round or irregular dark-green water-spotted lesions in the leaves, and yellow spots appeared at the stem sections. Brown water huddled. Prevention: Spraying with Kelu, Precore, Anke Manganese Zinc or 54% Leidomil Manganese Zinc Powder 700 times, or 64% Anti MQ M8 Powder 450 times or 75% Chlorothalonil Powder 600 times. At the same time, attention should be paid to clean up the diseased leaves in the field and prevent rainwater from accumulating.
3 melon flies. The main prevention and control measures are the timely cleaning up of dead leaves in the fields, especially the pits around the vegetable garden, the regular use of lime and insecticides, and the timely killing of larvae parasitizing in the pits; once the adult pests are found in the fields, a broad-spectrum kill can be used. The insecticide “catching†10 grams sprayed 15 kilograms of water.
4 whitefly. Also called white moth. At the beginning of the damage, 10% Buprofimeng EC can be used 1000 times or 2.5% Trichosanthes Manganese EC 1000 times or 20% extinguishment can be used to spray the leaves at 2000 times, focusing on the back of young leaves every 5 to 7 days. once.
5 knot nematodes. The roots of the victimized bitter gourd have tumorous or root swellings of varying sizes. The root curvature curls up in one piece, and some of them protrude from the surface. The branches of the damaged plants grow weak, the leaves yellow, the leaf color fades, and they are not strong. Or badly. More difficult to control, mainly in the rotation of dry and dry, complete destruction of stubborn diseased plants, soil mixed with soil nematodes must be 1 kg per acre for prevention and treatment.
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