Eggplant is a household dish on the public's table. However, it is difficult to eat local eggplant in the northern regions in winter. First, eggplant varieties are single, and there are fewer hybrids of the first generation. In addition, various diseases and insect pests are endemic, resulting in low and unstable eggplant production. . The second is that there is no reliable production technology. It is difficult for the eggplant in the greenhouse in cold regions in the north to survive winter. In the past two years, the authors and others have demonstrated and promoted the cultivation technology of grafted eggplants grown in winter and a large number of eggplants, and achieved a large number of eggplants before and after the Spring Festival, and achieved high yields and benefits. From the first harvest in December of that year to June of the following year, the incidence of verticillium wilt was significantly reduced by grafting, and the incidence of grafted seedlings was only 1.1%. Achieved 9400kg of output per 667 square meters, income of 27160 yuan, to better solve the contradiction between wintering, high yield and high quality eggplant. The cultivation techniques are now described below.
Problems to be noticed before grafting: Disinfection of bed soil: Select the soil in the former Sophora non-sorrel plantation, preferably the soil for planting field crops. Put the soil of Daejeon and high-quality organic fertilizer in a 6:4 volume ratio with bed soil, with more than 50% Bacillin WP 15～20g and 50% phoxim EC 150% watered 15～20kg spraying seedbed, mix well, build a heap, cover a layer of daily shed film, disinfect treatment for 15 days, build a seedbed and install nutrition. Rootstock selection: Choosing good rootstocks helps to increase the survival rate of grafted seedlings and achieve the goals of disease resistance, high yield, and high quality. Rootstocks should have the following characteristics: strong affinity with scion, well-developed root system, resistance to diseases, high temperature resistance and low temperature resistance, and no influence on product quality after grafting. The current production mainly uses the wild eggplant variety "Torrrubam". Scion selection: scion varieties can be selected from local excellent eggplant varieties.
Nursery seedlings suitable for cultivation: grafted cultivation of the first broadcast rootstock, after the broadcast scion, the sowing interval of 15 to 20 days is appropriate. Due to differences in temperature, light, etc., each booth is often uneven in size at the seedling stage. According to the situation, the size of the seedlings will be managed separately. To lay a good foundation for grafting and cultivating quality scion and rootstock. Grafting seedlings in the autumn greenhouse eggplant: autumn and winter pods can be bred in 6 to July, the first germination. The rootstock seeds were soaked in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes and then bagged to germinate. The lowest temperature of 20 °C, germination 16h, the highest temperature of 30 °C, germination 8h, alternating germination temperature. About 15 days after the rootstock buds are out, sowing cover the cover film, spacing 6 ~ 7cm. The scion of the scion eggplant is first poured into the hot water of 60°C and stirred continuously. When the water temperature drops to 30°C, it is soaked for 24 hours, and then the bag is germinated. When the buds are out, sow the soil and cover with a plastic film. When the rootstock seedlings show 2 true leaves, they are transplanted into the nutrition bowl. Grafting seedlings of eggplant in greenhouses in winter: from late August to early 9th, the rootstock seeds are germinated by the above method. When the rootstock buds are out, the soil is poured into the bottom water, and the sprouted rootstocks are evenly broadcast on the nursery tray. Or in the hotbed, covering the earth 1.5 ~ 2cm, cover the film, about 15 days, the seedlings can be Qi, then scion sowing. Seed germination, sowing method ibid. Small arch shed eggplant grafting seedlings: in the middle and late January began to sow the shed eggplant rootstock and scion seeds, specific methods with the autumn greenhouse grafting seedlings.
Grafting grafting method is appropriate: suitable grafting scion, rootstock 4 to 5 true leaves, stems thick 0.4 ~ 0.5cm. The seedlings are required to be robust, not overly long, and not ageing. Grafting method is better for cutting and cutting. It is easy to operate, fast and has a high survival rate. The rootstock was transversely cut from 0.2cm above the second true leaf, and the longitudinal incision was 0.1-0.2cm from the base of the second true leaf petiole and was cut down parallel to the second true leaf vein and was 1cm deep. Scion to leave 3 to 4 true leaves, the lower end cut into 0.8 ~ 1cm knife back wedge-shaped plug into the root cut, aligned with the clip after the skin can be clipped.
Note: Ensure that the scion formation layer is aligned with the corresponding formation layer of the rootstock; do not pour on the interface when watering after grafting to avoid infection of the incision.
Fine management of high temperature and humidity after grafting promotes healing: The first 3 days after grafting of eggplant is the critical period for interface healing. The light, temperature, and humidity are strictly required. Special attention must be paid to management. After the grafting, the shade and moisturizing should be sealed. Scattered light can be seen two or three days later. After one week, the light can be gradually ventilated to gradually adapt to the external climate. During the day, the temperature inside the small arch shelter is maintained at 25 to 28°C and nighttime at 20 to 22°C, and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%. That is, the inner surface of the small arch shed is evenly covered with water droplets. After the grafted seedlings were completely ventilated, the grafted shoots were sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 72.2% Precic 600-fold mixture to prevent scion 9 from assessing the yellowing lesions. Spraying with clean water to prevent wilting: After the small arch shelter is opened and ventilated, the humidity in the arch shed will rapidly decrease, even below 75%, and the humidity in the arch shed needs to be increased. Spraying the inner surface of the small arch shed with fresh water may be performed around 10:00 in the morning. In the case of shading, if the scion is still wilting, both the endocardial and scion surfaces can be sprayed. On the 8th day or so, small water flooded the nursery bed and it was estimated that the water could infiltrate the nutrient pod. After the watering, the small arch shed was closed and the relative humidity in the arch shed was controlled to be about 75%. Move seedlings in time and add nutrients: remove the small arch shed on the 10th day after grafting, shading with shade net at noon, reduce the temperature, control the temperature at 22-26°C, and the night temperature at 12-15°C, and reduce the relative humidity of the air to below 75%. The nutrient remains moist. After 12 days, the grafted seedlings were gradingly managed. The newly emerged lateral branches and yellow leaves and diseased leaves on the grafted seedling stocks were removed on sunny days. The weak seedlings and healthy seedlings were placed separately, and the distance between the nutrition pods was 3 cm when placed. , To expand the light area of ​​grafted seedlings, after the seedbeds are filled, the floodwaters fill the seedbeds, and the water diffuses to 1/2 of the height of the nutrition bowl. Afterwards, the nutrition, the topsoil, and the topsoil will be watered and poured into the soil until 10 days before planting. After graded management, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to irrigate 1-2 kg of grafted seedlings and 0.25 kg of solution per quinoa to supplement nutrients and promote flower bud differentiation of grafted seedlings.
Colonization can be achieved within 30 days after grafting. First of all, to deepen the soil preparation, due to the root system developed rootstock, so it is necessary to apply the base fertilizer. Every 667 square meters of cooked organic fertilizer 5000kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg. Then deep plowing, flattening, ridge cultivation. When planting line spacing 60 ~ 65cm, spacing 50 ~ 55cm, triangular colonization, density 2200 / 667 square meters. The position of the cutting edge should be higher than the ground to prevent adventitious rooting at the interface and cause secondary infection. After that, discretionary management is the same as conventionally planted eggplant.
The management after planting and management after planting is basically the same as the conventional cultivation method of eggplant. Cultivation of grafted eggplant should not be seedlings, should be promoted better. Immersion in the bottom water during planting, shading in the middle of the first three days after planting, to prevent wilting, watering once per 4 to 5 days after colonization. After entering the fruiting period, it is necessary to increase the temperature difference between day and night, keep the temperature during the day and reduce the temperature at night to 15-18°C. Water depends on soil moisture. When the eggplant (gate eggplant) grows to the size of the table tennis ball, it starts to water, and the eggplant needs to be watered 7 to 8 times during the entire growth period. Topdressing with binary compound fertilizer, can not be partial nitrogen fertilizer, generally 15 to 20 days topdressing once. The commonly used double dry pruning method can be used. Winter should extend the lighting time and enhance light intensity. On cloudy days and snowy days, we must unveil the grass curtains. The film is wiped clean and kept clean and translucent. When the daytime reaches 28°C, a small amount of air is discharged to remove moisture. As the temperature rises, the air outlet is gradually increased. When the air temperature in the shed begins to drop, the air outlet is closed immediately.
Generally 90 to 100 days after planting can be harvested.
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