First, difficult analysis
Rex rabbit breeding is not a simple matter. It is not the expansion of the number of farms in traditional small-scale rabbit farms. From the lessons of failure, we should see that the difficulty in raising rabbits on a scale is technical, the second is management, and the third is social. Although the reasons for the failure of different rabbit farms are different, no matter which side has a problem, it will cause a fatal blow to large-scale rabbit breeding. In order to make it easier for everyone to understand, the author categorized the reasons for the failure of large-scale rabbit breeding or the failure of large-scale rabbit farms as the following nine aspects:
1, the small environment factor. One of the biggest differences between keeping rabbits and raising rabbits on a large scale is that the small environment has undergone great changes. The so-called small environment mainly refers to the microclimate indicators of rabbit living space, such as: humidity, temperature, ventilation, light, noise, harmful gases and pathogenic microorganisms. According to the author's investigation, most large scale rabbit farms in China have serious problems in environmental control. In particular, the increase in high humidity, gas pollution, and concentration of harmful microorganisms brought about by high-density breeding and poor ventilation has deteriorated the microclimate of the rabbit house, reduced the disease resistance of rabbits, and created conditions for infectious diseases. According to Shandong Agricultural University, Liu Hongfeng, Li Fuchang et al. (2002), the environmental indicators of scaled rabbit farms for indoor cage rearing and outdoor feeding were determined.
Several of the above major environmental health indicators indicate the degree of environmental deterioration of rabbits raised on an indoor scale, indicating that strengthening environmental control and optimizing the environment of rabbit houses are an important part of raising rabbits.
In addition, according to the author's survey on the breeding density of domestic rabbit farms, most rabbit farms use three-layer overlapping rabbit cages. Generally, 2.31 breeding rabbits per square ward are used (Gu Zilin, 2001), while foreign countries raise rabbits in developed countries. Rabbits often use single-layer suspension or double ladders and semi-step ladders, and rarely use three-layer overlaps. Increased stocking density, resulting in the deterioration of the microclimate, is the main cause of low production performance and disease in rabbit farms.
2, feed factors. Rabbit farms are highly dependent on feed and nutrients and are prone to problems in these areas, such as: unreasonable formula design, nutritional imbalance, sudden replacement of feed ingredients or formulas, feed containing toxic ingredients, abuse of drugs, etc. Both will cause great losses. China's forage resources are extremely abundant, but the biggest difficulty in large-scale rabbit farms is that roughage cannot be well solved. This is due to the large amount of roughage required for large-scale rabbit farms and the need for stable supply throughout the season. However, due to the large variety of roughage, large differences in quality, texture, fluffy, storage difficulties, easy to withstand the impact of wind and snow rain and frost quality, in particular, easy to mold deterioration, resulting in rabbit poisoning death. According to the author's understanding, almost 100% of the rabbit farms have more or less problems with feed.
3, provenance factors. Large-scale rex rabbit breed raises high requirements for the specifications of rabbits: excellent breeds, standard breeders, and healthy populations. This is a prerequisite for achieving efficient production in large-scale and intensified rabbit farms. Unfortunately, we still have a hard time fulfilling this requirement. Especially healthy rabbits are difficult to reach. Some rabbit farms bought unhealthy rabbits and quickly fell into a mud pit where the disease continued. High quality seed sources, high quality environment and high quality management are the necessary conditions for large-scale rabbit farms.
4, technical factors. Raising rabbits is a very technical job, and raising rabbits requires higher technology. Whether it is the selection and breeding of breeds, or the selection of feeds, the design of formulas, or the daily feeding and management practices and the establishment and implementation of epidemic prevention programs, they all require high scientific and technological content, require highly qualified technical personnel, and are perfect. Dedicated breeders, applicable diseases and environmental testing methods, as well as various technical links are linked and matched. In fact, at present, some rabbit farms in China, whether in terms of technical hardware or software, are difficult to adapt to the technical requirements of large-scale rabbit rearing.
5. Field factors. The selection of the site, the layout of the building, the design of the rabbit house and the selection of the equipment are directly related to the efficiency of the large-scale rabbit farm, the economic benefits, and even the success or failure of breeding. In production, some rabbit farms often neglect the importance of site selection, such as whether the terrain, surrounding environment, dominant wind direction, whether water power is conducive to epidemic prevention, whether it is conducive to rabbit production and personnel work and life, etc. Principles (life welfare area, work management area, rabbit production area, and epidemic prevention area), especially the distinction between clean roads and pollution roads; ignore the basic parameters of the building, such as the orientation, length, height, and span of the rabbit house. And spacing, size, height and layout of doors and windows, width, slope and smoothness of ditch, material and thickness of wall and floor, anti-corrosion, moisture-proof, thermal insulation design; neglect of rabbit cage design, material selection and cages The selection and so on. These have directly or indirectly affected the effectiveness and benefits of the scaled rabbit farm.
6, disease factors. According to the author's investigation, as the size of the rabbit population increases, the incidence of the disease gradually increases and the difficulty of prevention increases. Gastrointestinal diseases and respiratory diseases are predominant, and fungal infectious diseases are increasing year by year. The incidence of major acute infectious diseases (such as rabbits) and common parasitic diseases (such as coccidiosis and rickets) has decreased. trend. In the analysis of disease occurrence, diseases caused by conditional pathogens were found to increase, which was related to feeding management and microclimate deterioration in rabbit houses. Most of the scaled rabbit farms that I have learned are troubled by diseases.
7, management factors. Analysis of the composition of the investors in China's large-scale rabbit farm is not difficult to find, the proportion of the real boss to start raising rabbits is rare, while the majority of people engaged in other industries to produce rabbits. Its advantage is that it has financial advantages, and it may also be engaged in the management experience and market awareness of large-scale enterprises. However, the management of rabbit-raising companies in different industries, planting and processing industries is faced with very squeamish rabbits that open their mouths to eat food, drink water, defecate to urinate, breed, and grow and develop. Uneven live breeding staff. The main task of the management staff of rabbit industry enterprises is to organize the rabbit industry production scientifically and effectively. Whether or not the enthusiasm of each breeder can be mobilized and whether raising the operating skills of breeders in the short term is the key to raising a rabbit. In other words, to raise a good rabbit, you must first manage the good person. However, many rabbits that managers do not understand are not good at management. They often violate science and blindly make decisions that cause major mistakes.
8, market factors. With the development of science and technology and economy and the deepening of the market economy, the market plays a leading role in adjusting surplus and deficiency and keeping prices down. Especially in industries such as rabbit products, which are mainly export-oriented economies, market fluctuations are frequent, small ups and downs, and ups and downs inevitably occur. During the low tide, small-scale rabbit farms can kill rabbits and infuse their hands, and their losses are small. However, for large-scale rabbit farms, such a large investment and hard work, it is difficult to make decisions irrelevant. However, in the continuing low tide, it is hard for the companies that have strong economic strength to persist. Therefore, large loans, large investments, and lavish single operations without forming a scale of industrialized rabbit-raising companies can easily capitulate in a volatile market.
9, social factors. Raising rabbits is a matter of getting rich people. Therefore, raising rabbits in our country has a close relationship with the government. Undoubtedly, governments at all levels have paid great attention, support and guidance in the development of the rabbit industry in China. However, too many interventions on specific issues have also contributed to the failure of large-scale rabbit farms. Especially the failure of those large-scale rabbit-raising companies with official or semi-official status is not unrelated to this.
Second, take the development of large-scale rabbit breeding with Chinese characteristics
Scale rabbit breeding is the only way, raising rabbits requires a series of demanding conditions. Rabbit rearing requires technical support, economic support and market support. Past practice has shown that with the expansion of farming scale and the reduction of benefits, the risk of failure of large-scale enterprises increases. Does China's scale raise rabbits still need to develop? How to develop? The author believes that in the face of China’s abundant and cheap human resources, forage resources, site resources, and rich and varied climate resources, it will make full use of the country’s industrial policies and a series of preferential policies of the government to make use of the favorable opportunity for China’s accession to the WTO and actively explore and be bold. Practice, take the road of raising rabbits with Chinese characteristics. Here are some ideas for reference;
1, company + base + farmer. Small groups, large-scale, overcoming the disadvantages of high-density large groups, and avoiding weaknesses.
2, catch two, with the middle. One catches leading enterprises, one grasps processing and markets, and clears channels to form industries.
3. Accord with the trend of the times, develop a pollution-free green rabbit industry, expand two markets, and clear channels to achieve sustainable development.
4, Joint scientific and technological research, to solve the key technologies for raising rabbits on a large scale, and to explore practical techniques for raising rabbits in a short period of time, including rabbit house construction, environmental control, nutritional level and feed formulation, breeding management procedures, breeding programs, and immunization programs. In a relatively short period of time, select suitable scales of varieties, strains, combinations and matching lines.
5. Cultivate and cultivate a group of rabbit industry entrepreneurs who understand technology and are good at management. To foster and establish a batch of successful rabbit breeding enterprises.
At present, our country's rabbit breeding industry is in a period from extensive to intensification, from small-scale free-range type to scale, from family side to professional, and from traditional to scientific transition. This is an insurmountable stage. Therefore, China’s large-scale breeding of rabbits has just begun. It is a long-term combat mission. With the development of economy and science and technology, the level of raising rabbits will continue to increase. Let us, under the guidance and coordination of the China Rabbit Industry Association, earnestly draw lessons from successful experiences and failures at home and abroad, unite, actively explore and work hard, and work hard for the bright future of China's rabbit industry.
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