Shallow sea aquaculture is the direction and focus of our province to expand space for aquaculture development and develop carbon sinks. However, the overall utilization rate of shallow waters in our province is not high, the scale of shallow sea aquaculture is not large, the aquaculture efficiency is not high, and there is a problem that the breeding layout and the mix of species are not reasonable, and the impact of wind waves is serious, and the hidden safety problems are large. As an important production method for shallow sea breeding, shallow sea algae and alfalfa rearing has the characteristics of low investment, high yield, and stable profitability, but it also needs to continue to select breeding species suitable for the characteristics of waters in the province, such as mixed water, rapid flow, and typhoon. The adoption of a new model of inter-institutional and continuum care will effectively avoid the impact of the typhoon and further increase the efficiency of breeding. At the same time, shallow sea algae cultivated in shallow sea can absorb large amounts of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur contained in digestive seawater, shellfish can ingest some algae, and can play a role in maintaining the marine ecological environment and improving ecological restoration ability. The fishery industry plays an important role in the carbon sink economy. Therefore, vigorously promoting the application of shallow sea algae ecological aquaculture technology is an important way to achieve marine environmental protection, increase the income of fishermen, and fishery development mutual benefit.
[Increase Production and Efficiency] The use of shallow sea algae breeding technology can further improve the physical and chemical indicators of the aquaculture waters, and the aquaculture water environment will become more refined, increase output and increase efficiency. The general aquaculture efficiency is basically stable at more than 1,500 yuan, and the high reaches 5,000 yuan.
[technical points]
The technical points of shellfish and algae shallow sea bream culture are basically similar, and there are some special requirements for different varieties.
1. The selection of aquaculture sites in the sea area should be in a harbor where the flow is smooth and less affected by large waves. The water depth is 5 to 30 meters, and the bottom is a sandy bottom or a sandy bottom. The flow rate is 15 to 25 m/min. The water quality in the sea area is good, the transparency is above 30 cm, the salinity is 18 to 32 ‰, the food is rich in organisms, there are few enemy predators, and there is no large amount of industrial or domestic sewage injection.
2. Truss settings Truss settings must ensure smooth water flow, safe facilities, and easy operation and management. The truss has a variety of styles such as single rope rake and bamboo raft floating buoy. The main structure includes floating rafts, pile cables, pile heads, floats and slings. The texture, length and diameter of each part of the equipment shall be determined by the conditions of the sea area, the convenience of the material source and the service life. Different breeds have different breeding ropes. Oyster culture rubber ropes, red brown ropes for mussel culture, polyethylene net curtains for seaweed breeding, and polyethylene ropes for hijiki culture.
3. Seed transport according to the distance and transport conditions, determine the transport method. There are two types of transportation methods: dry transport and water transport, and dry transport is usually used.
4. Hang (clamp) seedlings of better quality, specifications should be equal. When hanging (clamping) seedlings, it is necessary to control the seed density and ensure the growth space.
5. The daily management often visits the sea to observe, make up the seedlings promptly, remove the attached organisms, adjust the buoyancy, prevent disease and predators, check the safety of the trusses, and do a good job of disaster prevention. The algae cultivation also needs to regulate the water layer, and the laver cultivation should be timely dried.
6. Set-up or Rotation In order to increase the utilization ratio of the sea area and the utilization rate of the facilities and increase the economic income, the algae cultivation or the algae breeding and algae breeding can be carried out. In recent years, a number of new aquaculture models have emerged in marine aquaculture in our province, such as mussels and kelp breeding, mussels and tsutsugamushi cultivation, sea participation in kelp cultivation, and seaweed and kelp farming, and seaweed aquaculture. In other ways, it shows better economic benefits.
At present, there are three types of beet algae nesting methods: range nesting, daytime nesting and cross-fertilization. It is most convenient to use nesting in a range, the effect of nesting is good, but the cost is increased. Hanging, hanging shellfish, etc. are effective, but there may be mutual entanglement, abrasion, and inconvenient operation. Localities can choose according to the conditions of the sea and their own breeding needs. In rotation, we must pay attention to the issue of complementary growth in the fast-growing period of breeding breeds.
7. Harvest as much as possible before the typhoon to avoid the loss caused by the typhoon.
[Commonly introduced several kinds of sets of care and rotation mode introduction]
1. Laver and Laminaria Rotation Mode: This model is a truss cultured with seaweed. After seaweed harvests 3 waters, from late November to early December, seaweed seedlings are planted under the sea and seaweed and kelp are raised. This cultivation mode does not affect the production of quality seaweed (the quality of laver after 2 days is worse), but also increases the production and efficiency of kelp farming. Using this model, it can increase the benefits by 900 yuan.
(2) The cultivation of mussels in the seaweed dishes (seaweeds): The use of seaweed (seaweed) to grow sea areas and tools, raising mussels, and using seaweed raising and mussel cultivation, respectively, can make full use of the breeding space. The water depth of the cultured sea area is more than 3 meters. It requires unimpeded flow, fertile water, and no pollution. The breeding truss is a "cocktail" frame and requires solid, strong and durable. Shrimp dishes and mussels are used to set up the first species of saury dishes, and mussels are then hung. The range of time for pickled vegetables is 9~10 months. The length of the seedling rope is 3.3 meters. Each seedling rope has 38 seedlings, the spacing between the seedlings is 100 to 120 centimeters, and the time for mussels is 10 to 11 months. 1.5 to 1.8 meters, 800-1000 seedlings per meter of seedlings, hanging on floating rafts, spacing of 0.8 to 1 m between seedlings, and 300 to 400 mussels per mu. When the kelp and mussels are raised, the mussels are first hung and the kelp is raised. Mussels were raised in mid-to-late October and sub-contracted and raised. Kelp was established in late November. After the harvest of hijiki and kelp in the middle and early May, mussels are left to continue breeding and are generally harvested in July and August.
3. The sea participates in the kelp nesting mode: in accordance with the main line (single type trusses) set in the kelp truss, hang the sea cucumber breeding cage on the floating stern of the kelp truss, and add buoys to the floating stern at the pylon. The buoy size is based on sufficient support. The seaweed seedlings are raised, sub-seedlings, and sea cucumber seedlings are stocked generally in early November. The kelp seedlings are generally separated by 10 cm. The sea cucumber cages are usually separated by about 2 meters. Generally, large-sized sea cucumbers are stocked at a rate of 20 heads per kilogram per cage. About 30 seeds (6 cages per cage) are suitable. By the end of March and early April of the following year, when the water temperature in the sea reaches 18°C, sea cucumbers should be harvested in time to avoid the impact of summer dormancy on yield and benefits; kelp is generally harvested when the weather is appropriate from April to May.
4. The three-dimensional breeding model of crab crab and tsutsugamushi: In the cultivating truss of hemidium dish, the spacing of the seedling rope should be appropriately expanded, and the crab breeding cage should be hung to implement three-dimensional culture. The method was as follows: The Habitat dish was hung in early November. The double-rope friction flattening method was adopted. The spacing of the slings was expanded to 150 cm, and space was reserved for the crabs to be raised. Crab cages are hung on floating rafts and clamped seedling ropes of frogs, and are fixed on the sea floor with pile cables. A plastic float is added every 5m around the seedling ropes, and large bubble floats are used at both ends of the seedling ropes. Line spacing is about 4 meters. Suspension of the crab is generally in November of each year. The crab breeding cage consists of six cylindrical boring plastic baskets with a diameter of 35cm and a height of 18cm on the left and a feeding sluice on the left. Each cage stocks one fish. The water temperature in the sea area is above 12°C. Fresh small fish. The crabs were raised after 4 months of fattening. Most of the crabs have become pasty crabs before and after the Spring Festival. The Habit vegetable was harvested one at a time from May to June of the following year and dried. Using this breeding model, the profit of the mu can be increased from 2,500 yuan to 5,800 yuan.
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