Triploid carp breeding technology question and answer (01)

Second, Xiangyun wolfberry, Xiangyun wolfberry seedlings cultivation methods 7, Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 鲤) seed species long-distance transport and pond should pay attention to what matters before? A: Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 鲤) seed transport sub-water spray, Wuzai Summer flowers and winter pieces. The spray transport generally uses nylon bags for oxygenation. A nylon bag with length, width, and width of 75 cm x 40 cm is filled with about 6 kg of water. The transit time is between 20 and 30 hours. Each bag can contain 5-70000 fry. The Wuzi (about 2cm in length) bags are about 5000 and the summer flowers (about 3cm in length) are 3000-4000. . The nylon bags used for seedlings generally use double-layer nylon bags in order to avoid leakage of air. After the flowers, Wuzai and Xiahua reach their destinations, they should soak in the pond's water for 15-20 minutes to minimize the temperature difference (not to exceed 2°C). Then unlock the bag and put the fish into the water. The long-distance transportation of Wuzai, Xiahua and Dongpian can be equipped with tank (can) cars equipped with oxygen rushing facilities. Generally, the transport density per cubic metre of water is about 25-30 million for Wuzi and 20-250000 for summer flowers. Winter tablets 300-400 kg. Depending on the length of time in transit, stop and inspect every 3-5 hours. If water quality deteriorates and floating seeds appear, you can change water or increase oxygenation in time to ensure the survival rate of transportation. 8. What are the basic conditions for breeding ponds in Xiangyun Mountain? Answer: (1) The requirements for the area of ​​the cultivated Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤) pond are appropriate, the water depth is moderate, and the ventilation is sunny. The area of ​​the fry (ponge) cultivation pond is generally 1-5 mu. The pond is too large, the management is inconvenient, and the quality of the water is not good enough to control the water quality. In the early fry stocking period, in order to increase the pool water temperature, the pool water may be appropriately shallow, generally 0.5-0.7 meters and suitable for underwater ponds. With the growth of fry, the pool water should be gradually deepened, and the fry water can be deepened to 1.0- 1.3 meters or so. Fish breeding ponds: The general area of ​​3-5 acres is appropriate, the maximum should not exceed 10 acres. The water depth should be about 1.5 meters. Adult fish breeding pond: Because of the large individual fish, the activity space is also large, usually 5-10 acres is good, large can reach tens of acres, the water depth should be appropriate with the size of the area, generally 2-3 meters is more appropriate. When the pond is large in area and windy, it can form waves, increase the contact surface between water and air, facilitate the dissolution of oxygen, and increase the dissolved oxygen in the pool water. At the same time, as wind and waves can convect and recycle water in the upper and lower pools, the distribution of oxygen and nutrients in the pool water tends to be even and the water quality is improved. The ponds in the Xiangyun Lake (Cyprinus carpio) breeding area are relatively large, the water is deep, and their water temperature and water quality are relatively stable. (2) Water sources and water quality: The ponds of Xiangyun Lake (鲫) should be well-watered, with convenient injection and drainage. The water should be available in dry days, and heavy rain does not flood the pond. (3) Pond environment: The best transportation is convenient, which is convenient for fertilization, feeding and seeding, and transport of commercial fish. There is a power supply near the pond to facilitate the installation of aeration and feeding equipment. (4) The fish ponds are preferably rectangular or east-west oriented. 9. How to disinfect clear ponds in the breeding ponds of Xiangyun oysters? A: The newly hatched young fry, commonly known as water splash, has a weak and delicate body, poor mobility, and poor ability to actively ingest food. It lacks resilience against changes in external environmental conditions and invasion of predators. Therefore, it is necessary to create a good environment suitable for the growth and development of fry. Careful breeding can produce good results. The main disinfection methods of clear ponds are as follows: Clearing and disinfection of ponds. For example, the old ponds with many years of fish culture should be cleaned in front of the fish ponds. The sludge at the bottom of the ponds should be cleared, and then exposed to the sun, combined with the clear ponds. Disinfection in ponds, quicklime is the preferred drug for disinfecting ponds and fish ponds. It is cheap and safe to use, and quicklime can improve water quality and is conducive to the reproduction of plankton. There are two ways to disinfect the quicklime clear pond: First, put the water clear pond, that is, put the pool water to dry, leaving only 7-10cm of water, choose sunny, and evenly sprinkle the quicklime by the amount of 50-75kg per acre pond. After the whole pond is disinfected, the pool water is 40-50 meters deep until the water turns yellow, green and brown. The second is the water clear pond, which turns the lime into water and turns into lime slurry. When used, the water depth is 1 meter per mu. The amount of 125-150 kg of quicklime, this method is not as good as dry pond disinfection, economic, but more labor-saving. After disinfecting with quicklime, fish can generally be released after 7-10 days. Qing Tong disinfection of drugs and bleaching powder, 1 meter per mu water consumption of 15 kg, disinfection can be released after 2-3 days of fish, tea cake in the South China is the traditional use of clear pond disinfectant drugs, the need to use the first crush soaking In 3 days, even slag water was evenly spilled into the pond. The dosage is 50 kg per mu for 1 meter water depth, and the tea cake has strong killing ability for snails, wild fish and aquatic insects. It takes 7-10 days after splashing, as it will be fine, before fish can be released. After clearing the pond, if the toxicity disappears, the fish and fingerlings will be tested on the previous day. The method is to prepare 10-20 tails of the lower pond, take a large basin of water, and put the fish into the basin to test the water. For 3-5 hours, normal fish activity means that fish can be safely released. 10. Why does Xiangyunjing(鲤) lower pools emphasize the submerged pools? A: The development stage of Xiangyun鲫 (鲤) is mainly plankton as the main bait. To ensure that there are enough natural dips behind the fish ponds, the fish must be in the fry. Under the pond suitable fertilizer. Fertilizer water quality applied to the people, livestock manure before the release of fermentation should be treated, generally 100-150 kg per acre consumption. 11. What is the optimum stocking density of Xiangyun Aquilegia (Aphididae)? A: The stocking density of fry should be determined according to the conditions of the feed, the level of culture and the conditions of the pond. The breeding experience is rich, and the ponding condition can be better. The relative stocking density is smaller when the first experimentation is inexperienced and the stocking density can be smaller. The water source condition is good, and the rowing and irrigation can be performed, and the stocking density can be larger. Generally, the stocking density per acre is about 10-15 million. Can be adapted to local conditions and be flexible. 12. How to cultivate the summer fish species of Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤)? A: Xiang Yun 鲫 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 水 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘 湘. With the development of production and technological advancement, it is now more effective to feed fry with a combination of feeding and fertilization from south to north. The amount of animal manure applied to the feeding method mainly based on fertilization and supplemented by fine feeding is based on oil green or tea brown. During the whole water-spray-to-summer flowering period, about 2-3 kilograms of soybeans are required to feed soybean milk every 10,000 fish fry. Concentrate-based, fertilization-assisted feeding methods: immediately after the fish fry the next pond spilled milk, the initial daily consumption of 1-2 kilograms per acre of flower pond material (soy beans), with the growth of fry, gradually increase the amount, and According to the water quality of the fat, appropriate follow-up fertilization materials, the entire rearing stage, every 10,000 summer fish species need about 3-4 kilograms of soybeans. 13. What are the main day-to-day management tasks in the breeding process of Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 水) waterflood? A: (1) Qintangtang. In general, the patrol ponds are observed once a day in the morning, in the evening, and in the evening. It is important to observe the activities of the fry, especially in the early morning. The floating head of the fry was found to float on the water surface without sinking after being disturbed. This indicates that the water is deprived of oxygen and new water should be added in time to adjust the water quality and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water. (2) Frequently adding new water, the area of ​​fish nursery ponds is generally small, and the water quality and water temperature vary greatly. Therefore, ponds that grow seedlings of Castanopsis carles need to be filled with fresh water in time according to water quality and weather conditions. The water quality is generally 3-6 cm of fresh water each time. In order to prevent the wild fish from entering the pool and harm the fry, new water should be added to the water inlet. One can prevent Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 鲤) backwater escape; the second is to block the flow of wild fish into the pond. (3) Diligent feeding. In the early stage of the lower pool, the fry will apply soybean milk or other powdered baits every morning and evening (weather changes may be reduced). The amount of bait varies depending on the water quality, and the fry activity is flexibly controlled. When the fry grows to 1.5-2cm or so and the dietary changes occur, it can be supplemented in a timely manner to feed the bran or cake and other fine ingredients to ensure normal growth of the seed. (4) Pay attention to disease prevention and treatment. Although there is a strong resistance to disease in Xiangyun Cockroach, it is still necessary to pay attention to disease prevention. The measures include: disinfection of fingerlings, commonly used drugs: bleaching powder, salt, dinoflagellate, potassium permanganate, etc. The dosage is 10 grams of bleaching powder or 10-20 grams of salt or 20 grams of potassium permanganate per kilogram of water. The use of the above-mentioned drugs can basically kill bacteria and parasites parasitized on body surfaces such as skin, gills, scales, etc. 14. How are the methods for cultivating fish fillets from Xiangyun wolfberry (Scorpion) winter? A: The breeding method for the winter larvae of the fish is to continue the fry cultivation. However, due to the continuous growth of the fish, its feeding habits and living habits are also different from the fry cultivation stage, so the species breeding and fry cultivation The requirements are also different. The requirements for fish ponds are basically the same as those for fry ponds, but the area of ​​the fish ponds can be larger than the fry ponds, and the fish pond area can be 3-10 acres. The water depth is 1.4-1.6 meters. Clear pond disinfection methods and fry cultivation similar. The purpose of the fertilizer pond is to cultivate rich plankton through fertilization and promote rapid growth of fish species. In front of Xiahuaxiatang, we must pull the net to check the fish's constitution and select the fish ponds that are neat in size, free from disease, harmlessness, and robust, and play lively to ensure the survival rate. Summer fish species more than 3 cm in length. We advocate that Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤) fish should be kept in separate ponds, and the main breeding pond of Xiangyun 可以 can be used with about 10% of the same size of squid and a small amount of grass and squid, and the main breeding pond of Xiangyun 也 is also Can take the same mix and variety. In Hunan, polyculture methods are used, and the number of fish species in the single-parent or single-parent carp is relatively low. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and northern regions, the single-cultivation forms are more. The stocking density depends on the size and size of the fish farmers' design, the depth of the pond water, the conditions of the water source, and the type of feed. Generally, 500-600 kg per mu can be placed in 3-4 centimeters per mu. Specifications Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 夏 夏) summer flowers 6000-8000 tail and the same size of squid 100-300 tail plus 30-50 grass, squid species can be. When properly kept, good conditions can be increased as appropriate. In late June, stocking, the end of November of the year before the end of the Xiangyun, quail winter fish species weight 50 grams per tail on average. 15. What is the relationship between the stocking densities and the cultivating specifications of Xiangyun’s and Xiangyun’s quaternary springs? The size of the seedlings of the summer larvae and the spring cultivars of the summer larvae are not only related to the water quality of the bred, the bait, and the condition of the fish pond, but also have an important relationship with the number of summer locusts to be used. In the ideal situation where the grain feed is used to cultivate the fish species of Xiangyun and Xiangyun in the spring patch cultivation pond with conventional cultivation conditions, the relationship between the density of summer flower stocking and the general specification of spring patch breeding is shown in the table below. Different density farming references. The number of main cultivated species per acre of summer flowers (tail) Cultivation time (days) Spring cultivar specifications (g) Xiangyun 鲫 3000-4000 150-180 days ≥ 70 Xiangyun 鲤 4000-6000 Ibid ≥ 70 Xiangyun 鲫 6000- 8000 Same as above ≥ 50 Xiangyun 鲤 8000-10000 Same as above ≥ 50 Xiangyun 鲫 1000-12000 Same as above 30 30 Xiangyun 鲤 12000-15000 Same as above 30 30 16 培育 Fostering the contents of Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤) fingerling “四定” What is it? A: (1) Qualitative: If the feeding method is mainly based on pellet feed, the bait protein content should be about 30%. If it is better to use feeds such as rapeseed meal, rice bran, and wheat bran, it is best to feed them after fermentation and disinfection. (2) Quantitative: Determine the feeding amount according to the feeding condition of the cinerea cinerea. Set the pond of the bait station so that there is no material left on the bait station. The pond with the bait feeder should be regarded as the degree of snatching to determine the amount of increase or decrease, and the general amount of bait should be 3-5% of the pond species. Right and left is appropriate. (3) Timing: Normally, feed each time in the morning from 8-9 am and 4-5 pm, and determine the amount of feeding according to the weather conditions. If the weather is bad, you can use less or not. (4) Positioning: The feed station and the food field should be fixed in position. The pond with a bait feeder should be started and fed on time and in order to reduce the waste of food. 17. What are the day-to-day management tasks for breeding seedlings in Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤)? A: (1) Inspecting ponds and adding fresh water, during the cultivation of fingerlings, the stocking density of fish, the water quality, and the amount of feed increase Make the water quality change easily. Therefore, the patrol pond is of the utmost importance. The patrol pond should pay close attention to the activities of the fish. If a serious "floating head" is found, it must be filled with fresh water and an aerator. It is generally required to add water once every 4-7 days, each time adding 8-10 cm of water. Maintain a water depth of about 1.5 meters. (2) To maintain the cleanliness of the fingerlings ponds, bleaching powder and quicklime are often used to disinfect the feed in the feeding area. (3) Some organic manure can be applied to areas with manure resources to achieve cost reduction. (4) Divide the pond in time. During the cultivation of fingerlings, the growth rate of fishes is inconsistent. The ponds with different specification sizes should be screened in time to ensure that the fish species cultivated are of the same specifications. 18. What are the precautions for the wintering of the fish species in Xiangyun (鲫)? Answer: After being cultivated for around 3-5 months, the fish species of Xiangyun clams can reach a length of about 10 cm and a body weight of 50 g or more. They can be used as fingerlings for commercial fish breeding. Fish species should be transferred as far as possible in the mid-December of the year. The fish species of Xiangyun oysters that cannot be sold at one time should be wintered in ponds. The wintering ponds should be slightly deeper than those in fish ponds, and generally require storage of 1.5-2. Meter. Fish stocking density, generally 600-800 kg per acre. During the winter, depending on the weather and water quality, appropriate amount of concentrate can be fed. If there is water ice in the wintering ponds in the northern part of the Xiangyun Lake, the ice caves should be played in due course to ensure that the overwintering pool has sufficient oxygen. Avoid death due to lack of oxygen in fish species. Third, Xiangyun wolfberry, Xiangyun wolfberry adult breeding methods 19, pond breeding Xiangyun wolfberry (Cyprinus) commercial fish, quality fish selection criteria is what? A: The criteria for high-quality fish should be fish body fat, disease-free, injury-free, bright body surface, complete fin scales without damage, swimming and lively. The selection of high-quality fish species stocking, fast growth, strong disease resistance, and high survival rate. 20. What are the requirements for the fish species of the commercial fish in the Xiangyun Cockroach (fish) farm in the pond? A: The distribution of large-scale species of fish is one of the important technical measures for the high-yield commercial fish of the Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤). Large-sized fingerlings grow fast, have strong disease resistance, high survival rate, and have a short breeding cycle. For example, in the area south of the Yangtze River, winter fish fillets of 50- to 100-gram tail size can be grown. Tail weight 700-1000 grams. The area north of the Yellow River can also grow to a tail weight of about 500-750 grams. 21. Why aren't Xiangyun’s and Xiangyun’s maggots mixed with other squid and carp varieties? Since Xiangyun and Xiangyun are both new types of triploid fish, they grow fast and are well-tolerated, but their temperament is mild and unfavorable. They are raised together with other squid and squid, and they are not competing for food. For enemy opponents, in the case where the supply of bait is not quite sufficient, the Xiangyun crickets and Xiangyun crickets, which are raised together, tend to eat less than other puffer and squid species. However, the speed of growth cannot be achieved for the purpose of increasing output. Therefore, it is not appropriate to breed C. yunnanensis and C. yunnanensis together with other species of scorpion and squid under conditions of high density and small-scale farming. At the same time, using the characteristics of the breeding characteristics of Xiangyunshan, which is characterized by mild temperament, non-drilling mud, and non-mixed water, can be stocked in pearl culture ponds that require fresh water. 22. Why is the cultivated Xiangyun Yun (鲫) commercial fish promoting the main and monoculture modes? A: With the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of people’s living standards, Xiangyun’s (鲤) commodity fish is a medium and superior aquatic product, and Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other regions have a high market price. According to the current Regional market prices, weigh more than 750 grams tail Xiangyun up to 18-25 yuan / kg. Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu are located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. They have large aquaculture waters and are convenient for long-distance transportation. They are convenient for the rearing of commercial fish from Xiangyunshan (鲤). Due to the rapid growth of C. yunnanensis and G. yunnanensis, which is resistant to intensive cultivation and high yield, it is not suitable for mixed breeding with other carp species. Therefore, the development of large-scale farming, the promotion of single-cultivation and main-supporting modes, and the provision of bulk Xiangyunjing (鲤) The important means of commercial fish is also an effective method to increase the economic benefits of breeding commercial fish from Xiangyunshan (鲤). 23. What kind of pond conditions are required for the main fish or single-bred Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤) commercial fish? A: The size of the pond area: 5-15 acres of ponds on the water surface, which are both easy to manage and easy to catch; ponds are water-filled and have a water depth of 1.5-2 meters; water sources are convenient for drainage and the water quality is pollution-free; the pool shape is the best rectangular type, East to west; flat bottom, low sludge, sludge depth no more than 10-20 cm. 24. How to control the stocking density of the main fish or main stock raising carp(湘)? Answer: The stocking density of the main or monoculture stocks of the commercial fish, the first one depends on the condition of the pond. The second is the source and choice of feeds. The third is how much the annual output per mu is designed. The general ponds are in good condition, and the fish farmers have sufficient production funds to feed the full-price pellet feeds, producing about 700-1000 kilograms per mu, and 800-1200 tail fish weighing 50-100 grams per mu. At the same time, 50-100 tails of grass carp, squid and carp that are slightly smaller than the size of stocking carp, carp, and carp can be used, which can adjust the water quality without affecting the growth of the main breeding carp. However, it is not appropriate to breed other squid and carp varieties. 25. What nutrient requirements are there for the food of the main commercial fish (Coleoptera falciparum)? A: According to our many years of experiments, the nutrient requirements of the feeds of the main commercial fish (Cyprinus carpio) are as follows. The crude protein content should be between 30-35% of the grain feed. The feed coefficient is 1.4-1.6. about. In the organic fertilizer is sufficient, such as pigs, cattle, ducks, chickens and other manure, but also can be fed properly, auxiliary amount of vegetables, rice bran, bran, can obtain high yield and high efficiency. However, the best way to put organic manure is through fermentation and disinfection, and new water should be added in a timely manner to keep the water quality fat, cool and fresh, and to ensure the normal growth and development of fish. 26、Why should the "Three Preventions" be properly prepared for the commercial fish of the Xiang Yun 鲫 (鲤 鲤) farms in ponds? Answer: The "three defenses" means preventing flight, preventing disease, and preventing damage. In heavy rain days, timely inspections should be conducted to prevent flooding of the pond and any damage to the drains should be promptly repaired to prevent the escape of fish and wild fish into the pond; do a good job of preventing fish diseases during the high season of fish diseases, every 10 - 15 days per acre with lime 10kg watered Quanchiposa once, or use bleaching powder hanging method, hanging around the bait station around 4-5 bleach whitefly, so that no disease early prevention; prevent damage, find fish The invasion of enemy enemies should be decisively taken to eliminate them. 27. How to choose the cage breeding Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 的) site? A: Before setting up cages, it is advisable to investigate the water quality, water depth and sediment quality. Generally, it is required to set the water area of ​​cages to be fresh, non-pollution wastewater flows in, and the minimum water depth should be kept between the bottom of the cage and the bottom. 1-2 meters. Reservoirs should be set to choose a shelter from the sun, the water level is relatively stable. The river can be set up at Surabaya Bay, taking care to keep away from the fairway. The flow rate of water is 0.05-0.2 m per second. The selection of cage sites for medium and small lakes is also approximately the same as the selection of reservoir sites. 28. What are the criteria for the selection of fish species in cages for breeding in Xiangyun (鲫)? A: The cage culture of Xiangyun Cockroach (Cyprinus carpio) fish is generally aquaculture product fish. The economical and ideal specifications for the fish into the box should be 50-75 grams in tail weight. The body is robust, no traumatic infection, and the size is uniform. The fish in front of the box should be sterilized to ensure the survival rate of the boxed species. 29. What are the nutritional requirements for feeding artificial diets in cages for breeding in Xiangyun (鲫)? Answer: The crude protein content of the artificial diet of Xiangyun wolfberry (clam) in baskets is between 30-35%. 200g can be fed with pellet feed containing 30-33% of crude protein. More than 200 grams of weight should be fed with artificial diets containing 33-35% of crude protein. In general, the growth rate of fish is directly proportional to the protein content of the feed. Generally, the bait protein content is 30-35%. The bait factor is between 1.5-2.0. 30. What should be noted when feeding cages in cages for breeding cattle (Cyprinus elegans)? A: (1) Feeding artificial pellets is a good food, large particles, and small oral fish species, resulting in waste of food (see table). Followed by the new purchase pellet feed should be fresh, the factory time exceeds the shelf life, will also affect the growth rate of fish. In addition, after the fish species are put into the box, artificial domestication should be carried out. Usually, artificial breeding time can be successfully 3-5 days. Squid size and feed size comparison table fish size (g) ≤ 10 10-30 30-75 75-100 150-300 >300 Bait diameter (mm) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.4 3.5 (2) Quantitative: Different in fish species During the growth stage or according to the size of the fish body, the development of reasonable quantitative standards, the water temperature of 15-25 °C season, the daily amount of feeding can be controlled at about 3% of the total body weight, when the water temperature is between 25-35 degrees, its Feeding amount can be increased to about 5% of the total body weight of the fish. The specific ration should be controlled flexibly according to the degree of catching of the fish cultured in the cage. (3) Timing: From a production cycle, we should strive for early feeding and end late. This means that the growth period of fish is extended. From the whole day, the feeding time and number of feedings should be fixed, and generally one can vote for one day. 4 times, 3-4 hours apart. 31. Why does the cage culture of Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤) insist on the combination of regular inspection and temporary inspection? Answer: In the process of fish culture in cages, checking the safety of cages frequently is a work that cannot be ignored. It can be divided into periodic inspections and temporary inspections. Regular inspections are usually conducted once every 7-10 days. Temporary inspections are necessary safety measures taken during storms or other special circumstances. (1) Regular inspection: The purpose is to prevent fish from being caught, check whether the pentahedral of the cage in the immersed water body is leaked or damaged, and whether the mesh stitching is firm, and the cage is set in the waters where ships frequently pass, and pay attention to the hanging of the box. Bad. In order to avoid fish escape. (2) Temporary inspection: During the typhoon flood season or during the flood season, the cages bring a great deal of attention to fish farming. Therefore, before the above conditions occur, weather changes should be grasped in a timely manner. Check the frames, piles, and anchors before unusual weather occurs. The degree of firmness of the rope was found to promptly handle the problem. To ensure safe production. 32. Why do you want to remove the attachments from the cages? A: The exchange of water inside and outside cages is the key to the cage fish culture technique. The water exchange must pass through the mesh. If the deposit or the attachment grows on the mesh clothing, it will block the mesh and hinder the smooth flow of the water inside and outside the cage. Fresh water with high oxygen content cannot enter the tank, and the fish excrement or food residue in the tank cannot flow out of the tank with the water, causing the tank to become a pool of stagnant water, and the density of the fish is large. There will be water spoilage, resulting in oxygen deprivation of fish, affecting the growth of fish, and even damaging the life of fish. Therefore, the timely removal of cage attachments is an important measure to ensure efficient and high-yielding cage fish farming. 33, how to clear the cage attachments? Answer: First, manual operation, put the cages to be cleaned on one side of the surface of the water surface with a brush or bamboo cypress, this method is primitive, labor-intensive; second is the regular replacement of cages, the network of attachments The box was replaced with exposure, and then cleaned for backup. The third was mechanical flushing, which was to use the pressure of the mechanical spray to wash off the attachments on the clothes. The washing time should be determined according to the speed of growth of the net attachments on the cage, generally 20 - Clear once in about 30 days. In addition, empty boxes should be removed after each breeding cycle to kill parasites. In addition, there are methods of using chemical removal and biological removal of attachments. According to tests, synthetic fiber mesh soaked with copper sulfate can reduce 50% of the attached organisms. The so-called biological removal is to remove fish and store them in cages. The amount of certain tilapia fish that feed on cage walls, such as stocked salmon, is more effective. 34. What are the predator creatures of the Xiangyun cricket (cockroach) in cage culture? A: There are mainly fish and birds, beasts and ferocious fish. Sea gulls, pelicans and herons are fish-eating birds. Water rats and otters can damage net clothes. In order to prevent enemy pests from invading cages, a protective net can be added around the cage culture. What is more important is to strengthen day-to-day management, keep a close watch on the invasion of predatory creatures, and take all measures that can kill and drive away and reduce the damage that such damage can cause. 35. What are the requirements for the specifications of the fish breeding in the medium and small-sized reservoirs in the Xiangyun clam? A: Generally, 200-500 mu of water, 5-7 meters deep small I, small type II reservoirs, at the same time and bear the function of farmland irrigation. For this type of reservoir breeding Xiangyun wolfberry (clam) commercial fish, we passed 2-3 years of investigation: The distribution of the fish species of Xiangyun oysters should be between 50g and 100g. The fishtail that can bred in the year can weigh 500 More than one gram, this type of reservoir is currently stocked with the breeding mode of Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 鲫 多 多 多 多 多 多 多). Feed, when fully bred commercial fish. 36. Can small and medium-sized lakes be cultivated for commercial fish? A: There are many small and medium-sized lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Hubei province is known as the “thousand lakes” province, and Hunan, Jiangxi, Dongting Lake and Panyang Lake districts are dotted with small and medium-sized lakes. The micro- and small-scale lakes in Anwei and Jiangsu are all on the water level. More than 10,000 mu, after many years of promotion and experimentation, it was confirmed that Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 鲤 鲤) is a heterogeneous triploid fish, gonad infertility, and does not cause confusion in aquatic resources. The medium and small lakes in China are cultivated in Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤). As long as the fish facilities are well-preserved to prevent fish from fleeing, Xiangyun oysters (clams and oysters) are used as breeding stock. The stocked fish species have a tail weight of 50 grams or more. After one year of breeding cycle, they can fully meet the commodity specifications. At the same time, because of the high catch rate of Xiangyun Mountain, the net capture rate of small and medium-sized lakes is generally around 70% due to rounding or other catches, catches, stabs, and fishing methods. This is the case for other species of eel and eel. incomparable. Therefore, Xiangyun 鲫 (鲤 鲫 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 理想 理想 理想 理想 。 。 。 。 。 。 。. 37. What are the technical requirements for paddy field breeding Xiangyun Lu (鲤)? A: Where “rice slip” and “fish ditch” are available in paddy fields with adequate water conditions and a well-established habitat for fish, they can generally be used for fish farming. When rice fields are transplanted for 10-12 days, they can be The acres of paddy fields are stocked with Xiangyun (鲫) summer flowers (3 cm or more in length) 150-300 tails, and they can grow to 0.2-0.4 kg in tail weight. It is true that rice production in paddy fields is related to factors such as natural and artificial feed and management levels in paddy fields. Generally according to the specifications of the above-mentioned fish species, 30-50 kilograms of Xiangyunjing (鲤) can be produced per acre of paddy field, and the output value is 400-500 yuan. It is better to cultivate Xiangyun wolfberry in mountainous rice fields. For example, in the rice field of the first season, Xiangyunjing (鲫) can be raised. After the rice is harvested, the water level in the paddy field can be raised by 40-50 cm. At the same time, the artificial bait such as rapeseed meal, rice bran, bran, soybean pod, etc. can be fed. Can be doubled, more economic benefits. 38. Is it possible for lotus roots to feed Xiangyun loquats? A: The lotus cultivars have a ecological significance of symbiosis and mutual benefit between fish and fish. Since they live in Putian, due to the movement of fish, they can turn mud, loose mud, and remove weeds. , Fish excrement, etc., indirectly or directly increase the fertilizer efficiency of Putian, fish preying on eggs, larvae or adults of insects, but also reduce the pests and diseases of lotus root, generally speaking, the breeding of Xiangyun wolfberry The quantity can be increased by 30-40% compared with the paddy field, and it can also be used with 10-15% of clams and squid species in order to make full use of the natural food in the lotus root field. In the process of breeding the Xiangyun crickets in Putian, it is necessary to pay attention to the degree of safety in summer and prevent the lack of oxygen floating heads and death. During the high temperature season, when the water temperature is high, the fertilization should be reduced or stopped, or new water can be added appropriately, if necessary. Open some "skylights" (that is, try not to let the dense lotus leaf block the sun) in order to increase the direct sunlight. At the same time, it is convenient for feeding and observing the activities of fish. When the lotus root harvests and when the lotus leaf begins to wither, new water can be added to the field in time to increase the water level in the field, supplement the feeding, and accelerate the growth rate of the cinerea cinerea to increase the commodity fish. The specifications and output. In general, it can produce 50-100 kilograms of carassius amurensis per mu. IV. Disease prevention and control methods of Xiangyunjing and Xiangyunjing 39. The disease resistance of Xiangyunjing (Scorpion) is strong. Why does the disease occur? Answer: Xiangyunjing (Scorpion) has strong disease resistance and high survival rate. The survival rate of summer flowers is above 60%. The survival rate of winter squid species is above 95%, which is higher than that of Japanese scorpion. However, artificial high density Feeding Xiangyun crickets, if neglecting the ecological balance of the aquaculture water bodies and exacerbating their own pollution, at the same time due to the increasingly serious environmental deterioration, not only will the increase of microbial pathogens, the accelerating spread of speed, the aquaculture fish diseases will be prominent, leading to the breeding of Xiangyun crickets. ) Disease also occurs. In addition, the occurrence of fish injuries or weakened physical conditions during manual fishing, transportation, etc., can also lead to death. Therefore, breeding Xiangyun wolfberry should also pay attention to disease prevention and control in order to ensure the economic benefits of breeding. 40. Caused the morbidity of Xiangyun Yun (鲤)? A: The disease caused by Xiangyunjing (鲫) mainly depends on biological pathogens, and the self-resistance of the fish body and the external environment. The environmental factors that cause the occurrence of Xiangyun鲫 (鲫) include natural conditions (such as changes in water temperature). , changes in water quality and dissolved oxygen in water, etc.), human factors (inappropriate stocking densities, and polyculture ratios, poor feeding and management, mechanical damage, etc.) and biological factors, the three are related to each other. Most of the diseases that occur in Xiangyun Cockroach are caused by various microbial pathogens that infect or invade fish. Some are infectious fish diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and other pathogens, and the other is parasite diseases caused by pathogens (parasites) such as protozoa, worms, crustaceans, and ticks. In addition, there is direct ingestion of invading animals or indirect damage to fish, such as ferocious fish, krill shrimp, aquatic insects, kingfishers, and frogs. 41. Disease Prevention and Control Measures for Diseases in Xiangyun (鲫) Diseases? Answer: The purpose of ecological disease prevention is to emphasize the purpose of controlling environmental conditions, prevent diseases in Xiangyun cricket, and promote the healthy growth and development of Xiangyun cricket. The main measures for preventing and controlling diseases are as follows: (1) Normalize the disinfection of fish ponds and ponds, and ponds in Xiangyun Lake (鲫) should be selected in the condition of separate drainage, drainage, and non-leakage ponds to prevent the mutual infection of pathogens. . Clear thick accumulated sludge, and completely clear the pond with pollution-free fish medicine, and adhere to the disinfection of the pond on stocking fish and fish. (2) Reasonable polyculture and appropriate close-grazing, when breeding Xiangyun loquats, there are conditions that can be promoted with about 1-2% of loquat and mulberry mulberry fish species, which can not only control the water quality well, but also reduce the water body. Contamination can also be utilised by yellow mulberry fish to eat crustaceans such as fish head lice that are parasitized on the fish body of Xiangyun squid to prevent and reduce the occurrence of fish diseases. Proper confinement should be based on whether the water sources and water quality of the rearing waters are fresh, the depth of water, feed, and management measures, etc. The strict implementation of the health-raising and hygiene and disease-prevention technology measures can achieve a multiplier effect. 42. Why is scientific feeding and fertilization an effective method for preventing the occurrence of carp (Cyprinus carpio)? A: The most common disease in any organism is illness. Scientific feeding and feeding of high-quality feed, such as fresh palatability, no mildew, and comprehensive feed with nutrient ingredients, are key measures to ensure the raising of production of Xiangyun wolfberry, and also to enhance the disease resistance of Xiangyun wolfberry. Strong protection. Feeding the bait should be done with "Four Sets" and "Three Looks" (see the weather, watch the fish activity, and look at the water quality). It is necessary to ensure that fish are full, but also to prevent or try to avoid overfeeding. When the habitat, environment, safety and food are sufficient, the fish body can grow normally and healthily. When applying organic fertilizers, they must be fermented and disinfected, and should follow the principle of “timely, less-applicable, and industrious” to promote the reproduction and growth of plankton, and increase the natural food for the carp. The phytoplankton in water can supply photosynthesis and increase dissolved oxygen in water, in addition to feeding quail and carp. Ensure that the water quality is always “fat, live, tender and cool”. Creates a good environment for the growth of farmed fish. 43. Why did you say that fish farming is inspecting the pond, watching the water color and observing the feeding situation of fish activities is an important measure to prevent the occurrence of diseases in Xiangyun clams? A: The fish farming households adhere to the early, middle, and evening patrol system. Through the observation of water color, fish activity, and feeding conditions, in judging the pros and cons of the water environment, they can also discover the early symptoms of the disease. And timely early treatment will eliminate the disease in the bud. Adhere to the patrol pond can also remove sick and dead fish in a timely manner. The pool water that causes fish diseases cannot be discharged at will, so as not to cross-infect pathogens. Therefore, it is an important measure to reduce the occurrence of fish diseases by aquaculture households insisting on diligent inspection. 44. What is the effect of improving the ecological environment of the breeding water of the Xiangyun Lake? Answer: The prevention of the occurrence of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the improvement of the ecological environment of the water are conducive to the suppression and eradication of biological pathogens. The ponds are generally disinfected with clear ponds before they are stocked. However, it is extremely necessary for the sediment and water quality of the pond to be improved. Thick mud at the bottom of the pond is not only the main source of oxygen in the water, but also a hotbed for pathogens to hide and reproduce. The most effective way to improve the sediment quality is to carry out a dredging and embankment operation manually or mechanically after 2-3 years of pond cultivation. The sludge from the pond is transported around the aquarium, which can both reinforce the pond embankment and is an ideal place for growing fish feeds. The second is to improve the water quality. The aquaculture water is often injected with fresh water, which is an effective method to improve water quality. The role of draining part of the old water and adding new water is to increase oxygen emission. Promote fish activity and metabolism, which is conducive to growth and development. It is also beneficial to the growth of food organisms in the pool. Irregularly changing the pool water and spilling a certain amount of lime milk can effectively control the occurrence of infectious diseases. The experienced fish farmer concluded: “To raise a pond, we must first cultivate a pool of water.” The reason is: good water conditions are very important for fish growth and development. 45 What are the common prevention and treatment methods for "watery mildew"?答：水霉病又称肤霉病或白毛病，流行季节多在春末夏初，水温较低，阴雨连绵，湘云鲫（鲤）苗种在拉网出池或运输途中，鱼体由于擦伤或鳞片脱落等原因，容易感染水霉病，防治方法：一是严防鱼体爱伤，在苗种运输时，可在水中添加万分之四的食盐，或者加万分之四小苏打溶液合剂效果较好，也可用上述合剂泼洒或浸泡。全池泼洒溴氧海因，使水体浓度达到0.15-0.2克/米3，每15天施用一次。治疗时用药量为0.2-0.3克/米3，病情严重时，连续2-3天重复全池泼洒。蒲汁（2.5-5千克/667米3），0.5-1千克食盐，2-20千克人尿，三者混合后稀释全池泼洒。均能收到较好治疗效果。 46、如何防治烂鳃病？答：烂鳃病的病原体为黏细菌类，由鱼害黏球菌引起。此菌在PH6以下和PH8以上不能生长，PH6.5-7.5生长良好，流行季节多在每年4-10月，当水温20℃以上时开始流行，水温28-35℃时为最适水温，水温15℃以下时较少见。防治方法：（1）除用生石灰彻底清塘消毒外，在放养捕捞运输等过程中，勿使鱼体受伤，用5-8克/米3的漂白粉水溶液等药液浸泡消毒放养鱼种，也可在网箱四周用漂白粉挂袋预防。 （2）用渔用强氯精进行防治。预防：每公顷水面（水深1米）用药量为2.25千克，每半个月全塘泼洒一次，同时按50千克鱼体用药50克拌入饲料投喂，每天一次，连喂3天。治疗：每公顷水面（水深1米），用药3-3.7千克，全塘泼洒，每天一次，连续3天，同时每50千克鱼体用药100克拌饲料投喂，每天一次，连喂3天。 （3）全池泼洒“鱼安”（二氯异氰酸），使水体浓度达到0.1-0.5克/米3，每天一次，连续两天。使用时不得与酸、碱、药物类合并，药液应现配现用，以晴天上午或傍晚使用为宜。 47、如何防治车轮虫病？答：车轮虫病是各地养鱼区域常见病和多发病之一。主要发生在鱼苗、鱼种阶段，可以引起大批死亡。病因：由车轮虫侵袭鱼体表或鳃部并寄生于此而引起发病。流行季节多在5-8月份，高峰期为6-7月，通常情况是由于夏花培育池水质较肥，放养密度较大，容易发生此病，病鱼经车轮虫寄生于体表和鳃部后，焦躁不安，不摄食或狂游，身体消瘦或游动缓慢，鱼体会因车轮虫损伤后分泌出大量粘液。嘴圈发白，特别是群集于鳃边的车轮虫，严重影响鳃的呼吸，加速幼鱼的死亡。防治办法：（1）鱼苗下塘前，用生石灰清塘消毒，并合理施肥。 （2）用0.7克/米3水体浓度的硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁合剂（5：2）全池泼洒效果较好。 48、如何防治鱼苗头鳋病？答：鱼苗头鳋病又叫针虫病、衰衣病，此病一般发生在成鱼养殖阶段，由于鱼苗头鳋寄生于鱼体表面而发病，发病季节在4-10月份，被鱼苗头鳋寄生的鱼体，有少数会同时发生水霉病等，严重时会造成死亡。防治方法：（1）清塘消毒时最好选用生石灰清塘，因生石灰可以有效的杀灭池塘中鱼苗头鳋幼体及虫卵，杜绝引进有鱼苗头鱼鳋病原体的池水及相关水源，防止交叉感染，严防带鱼苗头鳋的病鱼投放到饲养健康湘云鲫（鲤）鱼的池塘中，以防传染，防止鱼体受伤，在有条件的地区，搭养少理的黄鱼桑鱼（每667立方米水体拾养80-100尾）可有效控制和消灭鱼苗头鳋等寄生虫。 （2）用5万分之一的高猛酸钾浸泡病鱼1.5-2小时（水温15-20℃），当水温21-30℃时用十万分之一的浓度浸泡1.5-2小时，此法病鱼经浸泡后第三天，虫体可全部死亡，效果很好。 （3）晶体敌百虫2.5毫克/升水溶液全池泼洒。 49、如何防治鱼鲺病？答：鱼鲺病引起主要是由于日本鲺寄生所致。发病初期病鱼极度不安，出现间隔性侧游或急速狂游，被虫体寄生的部位常有伤痕或伤口，肉眼可见虫体，此病全年可发生。防治方法：用含量为90%晶体敌百虫全池泼洒，使水体浓度达到0.25-0.5毫克/升。 50、如何防治黏孢子虫病？答：在我国饲养的淡水鱼中，己检测出有100余种黏孢子虫，通常发生黏孢子病虫病的鱼类，大多数是冬片鱼种，一般而言，凡池塘淤泥较多或没有经过彻底清塘消毒的鱼池，在放养湘云鲫（鲤）鱼种数量较大，水质条件恶劣的情况下，加上投喂的饵料、质量欠佳培育出的冬片鱼种多有发黏孢子虫病，病鱼遇到气压低的天气而缺氧，死亡率高，网箱养殖湘云鲫也有出现此病发生的情况，因而造成死亡现象。症状与流行季节：鱼体表因黏孢子虫寄生后出现脓泡状园形小点，形成胞囊。由于胞囊逐渐扩大，故鳞片呈不同程度的竖起，鱼体色素加深呈灰黑色。在胸部和鳍条上出现大量的胞囊呈灰白色.黏孢子虫寄生在鱼体表面和肌肉外,还可寄生在鳃、鳔、肝、肾、肠道等部位，病鱼体消瘦，寻食能力差或食量大减，体色发黑，发病时间，南方多在夏季初秋。防治办法：（1）预防的方法主要用生石灰彻底清塘消毒，用量125千克/667米2，或100千克石灰氮（氰氨化钙）/667米2，放养鱼种时应用“杀虫精”，高猛酸钾等药物浸泡消毒，加进的新水应无黏孢子虫病原体水源，从池中捞出的尸体应深埋。 （2）每50千克鱼体重，每日用孢虫克（北京中泓鑫海生物技术有限公司生产）25克拌入饲料中（或按1%的添加量制成药饵）投喂，连续投喂3-5天为一个疗程。 51、如何防治气泡病？答：气泡病常发生在人工繁殖鱼苗孵化期间，因湘云鲫水花未及时下池或乌仔、夏花培育期间。气泡病的发生不是病原体引起，而是因池水过肥，或因连续阴雨天后，突然出现高温天气，水体中的藻类进行光合作用，使池水中气体过饱和水中出现大量的细微气泡，细微气泡被主动摄食的鱼苗或夏花鱼种误作食物而吞食，致使肠道内积累较多气泡，此外，湘云鲫乌仔、夏花鱼种的头部、身体上也聚集着大量汽泡，导致鱼体上浮，失去平衡，不能正常下沉，造成鱼苗不能正常摄食，最终力竭，严重时可引起鱼苗、乌仔和夏花的死亡，影响湘云鲫（鲤）苗种培育成活率。防治方法：发现池塘出现气泡病，应迅速对发病池进行换水和加注新水。可减轻病情恶化，病情较轻的鱼体在新清的水中可排出气泡，恢复正常，也可加喂韭菜汁或将广木香（中药）、青木香（每100万尾鱼苗各100克〈干重〉熬水15-30分钟后去渣掺入熟盐蛋黄，搅成浆液状投喂，可有效地减少发病鱼的死亡率。 52、如何防治白头白嘴病？ 答：此病发生在鱼苗至夏花培育阶段，如不及时治疗，也可造成鱼苗鱼种的死亡。发病原因与症状：主要由于鱼苗下池时放养密度过大和投饲不均匀，造成鱼苗体质虚弱，鱼苗池中的车轮虫大量寄生而出现鱼苗“白头白嘴”病，发病的鱼苗成群上浮于水面，其头部、鳃部肿大发白。防治方法：采用万分之一的甲醛溶液浸泡鱼种10-15分钟可以杀死车轮虫。 53、如何防治轮虫病？ 答：轮虫本是鱼苗的一种优质天然饵料，然而，它也对鱼苗至夏花培育阶段构成威协，一旦轮虫寄生鱼苗机体就会带 危害，造成鱼苗死亡，此病主要由于施用有机肥料过量后，轮虫生长旺盛所致。当鱼苗被轮虫寄生后，焦躁不安，四处游窜，无法摄食，造成鱼苗体质消瘦，出现死亡。防治方法：乌仔、夏花培育池经清塘后，施放的已发酵的猪、牛、禽畜粪应适量，鱼苗下池前应检查池水的轮虫生长情况，如发现繁殖轮虫数量多，可适当加大放养密度，鱼苗下池后投喂豆浆的更是要视鱼池水质和轮虫繁殖多少定量，以免造成水质过肥而造成轮虫繁殖过量，乌仔、夏花培育池的水深应保持1-1.2米左右。 54、养殖无公害湘云鲫（鲤）商品鱼的水质标准有哪些？ 答：应严格执行国家农业部颁布的中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY5051-2001颁布的标准。 （1）色、臭、味不得使养殖水体有异色、异臭、异味。 （2）总大肠菌≤5000个/升。 （3）汞≤0.0005,隔≤0.005，铅≤0.05，铬≤ 0.1，铜≤0.01, 锌≤0.05,砷≤0.05, 氯化物≤1,石油类≤0.05, 挥发性酸≤0.005, 甲基对硫磷≤0.0005,马拉硫磷≤0.005, 乐果≤0.1, 六六六(丙体) ≤0.002, DDT ≤0.001. 根据国家渔业水质标准,淡水养殖用水PH必须保持在6.5-8.5，溶解氧在连续24小时中必须有16小时以上大于5毫克/升，其余任何时候不能低于3毫克/升。 55、养殖无公害湘云鲫（鲤）商品鱼禁用渔药有哪些？ 答：（1）硝酸亚汞，禁用原因：毒性大，易造成积累，对人危害。（2）醋酸汞，易造成积累，对人危害大。（3）孔雀石碌，禁用原因：具致癌和致畸作用。 （4）六六六，禁用原因：高残毒。 （5）滴滴涕，禁用原因同前。 （6）磺胺脒（磺胺），禁用原因：毒性较大。 （7）新霉素，禁用原因：毒性较大，对人体可引起不可逆的耳聋等。上列禁用鱼药，均为国家农业行业颁布标准。 （8）结晶紫（9）呋喃唑酮（10）呋喃西啉（11）氯霉素（12）呋喃它酮（12）呋喃妥因。以上为国际禁用药物。五、怎样成为湘云鲫（鲤）苗种经销商？答：湘云鲫、湘云鲤是以中国工程院刘筠院士为首的科技人员，应用现代生物技术培育出的三倍体鱼类新品种，具有生长速度快、性腺不育、摄食力强、食性杂、抗病力强、养殖成活率高、耐低温低氧、体型美观、营养价值高等优良经济性状，深受广大养殖户和消费者的欢迎。公司经近几年的努力，累计生产湘云鲫（鲤）苗种20亿尾，推广到国内三十多个省（市）、自治区，并在省内外培育发展了一批初具规模的湘云鲫（鲤）经销商。现就将怎样成为湘云鲫（鲤）经销商的运作方式介绍如下： 1、从事淡水养鱼且基本掌握养殖技术全过程；有一定规模养殖水面，并在当地具有较高声誉的养鱼大户或水产企业；从事水产畜禽饲料的经销商，利用现有的经销网络，也可经销湘云鲫（鲤）苗种。 2、有一定的经济基础。公司招聘湘云鲫（鲤）经销商，经销商与公司签订经销协议，明确规定货款结算办法为款到发货，所以从事湘云鲫（鲤）经销，必须要有一定数量的周转金。 3、从事湘云鲫（鲤）经销商，必须树立“品质、诚信、快捷”的经营宗旨，经销本公司生产的湘云鲫（鲤）苗种，不能掺杂制假，必须保质、保量，维护公司产品声誉，严格执行与本公司签订的经销协议。 4、从事湘云鲫（鲤）经销商，年经销湘云鲫（鲤）苗种量水花在1000万或乌仔、夏花500万尾以上，经销协议将明确经销区域，公司对经销商的区域不再直销公司产品。

5、被招聘为本公司湘云鲫（鲤）的经销商，必须与本公司签订经销协议，公司将按经销协议，根据经销商提出的销售计划，保质、保量、优惠价格，按时供应湘云鲫（鲤）苗种，并对完成和超额完成了年度销售计划的经销商，对照协议条款给予奖励兑现。 ↓

二、湘云鲫、湘云鲤苗种培育方法7、湘云鲫(鲤)苗种长途运输和下塘前应注意哪些事项? 答:湘云鲫(鲤)苗种运输分水花、乌仔、夏花、冬片。水花运输一般采用尼龙袋装充氧，一个长×宽=75厘米×40厘米规格的尼龙袋灌清水6公斤左右。运输途中时间在20-30小时之间,每袋可装鱼苗5-7万尾,乌仔(体长2公分左右)袋装5000尾左右,夏花(体长3公分左右)3000-4000尾。装苗用的尼龙袋，为了避免漏水漏气,一般采用双层尼龙袋。水花、乌仔、夏花运达目的地后,应将龙尼袋放在培育池塘水中浸泡15-20分钟,尽量减少温差(不超过2℃左右)。然后解开袋口将鱼放入水中。乌仔、夏花、冬片的长途运输可采用装备具有冲氧设施的槽(罐)汽车，一般每立方水体装运密度为:乌仔25—30万尾左右；夏花20—25万尾;冬片300—400公斤。视运输途中时间长短,每隔3-5小时停车检查一次,如出现水质恶化和苗种浮头现象，可及时换水或加大充氧量，以确保运输成活率。 8、养殖湘云鲫(鲤)的池塘需要什么样的基本条件？答:(1)养殖湘云鲫(鲤)池塘的面积要求大小适宜、水深适度,通风向阳。鱼苗(水花)培育池的面积一般1-5亩,池塘过大,管理不便、水质的肥瘦不好掌握,水质调节困难。鱼苗放养前期,为了提高池水温度,池水可适当浅些,一般为0.5-0.7米并做到适当肥水下池,随着鱼苗的生长,池水应逐渐加深,鱼苗培育的后期,池水可加深到1.0-1.3米左右。鱼种培育池：面积一般3-5亩为宜,最大不宜超过10亩。水深应保持1.5米左右。成鱼养殖池：因鱼的个体大,活动空间也大,一般5-10亩为好,大的可以到几十亩,水深应与面积大小相适宜,一般2-3米较合适。池塘面积大,有风时,可形成波浪,增加水与空气的接触面,有利氧的溶解,能提高池水的溶氧量。同时,由于风浪还能使上下层池水对流、循环,池水中的氧和营养盐的分布趋于均匀,水质得到改善。养殖湘云鲫(鲤)的池塘面积较大,水较深,其水温、水质均比较稳定。 (2) 水源和水质:养殖湘云鲫(鲤)的池塘应选择水源充足,注、排水方便,应达到旱天有水源,大雨不淹池堤。 (3) 池塘环境:最好交通方便,便于施肥、投饵和苗种、商品鱼的运输,鱼塘附近有电源以利于设置增氧和投饵设备。 (4) 鱼塘以长方形、东西走向为好。 9、如何进行湘云鲫(鲤)鱼苗培育池的清塘消毒？答:刚孵化出来的小鱼苗,俗称水花,身体嫩弱纤细,活动能力差,主动摄食能力弱,对外界环境条件的变化及敌害的侵食缺乏抵御能力。因此,必须创造一个适合于鱼苗生长发育的良好环境,精心饲养，才会有好的效果。主要清塘消毒方法如下:池塘的清整和消毒,如系多年养鱼的老池塘在鱼苗下塘前,要进行清整,池底的污泥要清除,再经太阳曝晒,结合清塘进行池塘消毒,生石灰是鱼塘清塘消毒首选药物,价格便宜,使用安全,而且生石灰可以改善水质，有利于浮游生物的繁殖。生石灰清塘消毒方法有两种：一是放水清塘,即把池水放干,只留下7-10厘米积水时,选择晴天,按每亩池塘50-75公斤的量把生石灰均匀地撒遍全池,消毒后,池水至40-50米深,待水色变黄、绿、褐色均可;二是带水清塘,即把生石灰兑水化成石灰浆,使用时,每亩1米水深,用量125-150公斤生石灰,此法不如干塘消毒彻底，经济,但较省力。用生石灰消毒后,一般要经7-10天才可以放鱼。清塘消毒的药物还有漂白粉,每亩水深1米用量15公斤,消毒2-3天之后即可放鱼,茶饼在我国南方是传统使用清塘消毒药物,使用时需先粉碎浸泡2-3天,连渣带水均匀洒入池塘。其用量每亩水深1米用量50公斤,茶饼对螺类、野杂鱼及水生昆虫有较强的杀伤能力。泼洒后如天晴需7-10天,方可放鱼。清塘消毒后，毒性是否消失，放养鱼苗、鱼种前一天试水下鱼，其方法是将准备下塘的苗种10-20尾,取池水一大盆，将鱼放入盆内试水3—5小时，鱼类活动正常，即表示可以安全放鱼。 10、湘云鲫(鲤)水花下池为什么强调肥水下池? 答: 湘云鲫(鲤)水花发育阶段均以浮游生物为主要饵料,为了保证鱼苗下塘后有足够的天然铒料，必须在鱼苗下塘前适当肥水。培肥水质所施用的人、畜粪肥投放前应经发酵消毒处理，一般每亩用量100-150公斤。 11、湘云鲫(鲤)水花最适放养密度是多少? 答:鱼苗培育放养密度应根据饵料条件、养殖水平和池塘条件来确定。养殖经验丰富、池塘条件较好放养密度可大些,相对而言,初次试养缺乏经验,放养密度可小些；水源条件好,能做到随排随灌,放养密度可大些。一般每亩放养密度10-15万尾左右。可因地制宜、灵活掌握。 12、怎样培育湘云鲫（鲤）的夏花鱼种？答：湘云鲫（鲤）水花培育方法：我国各地习惯不同，广东多用肥水饲养鱼苗；江、浙多用豆浆饲养鱼苗。随着生产的发展和技术的进步，现在从南到北多采用投饵和施肥相结合的方法饲养鱼苗效果更好。以施肥为主、精饲为辅的饲养方法所施用畜肥数量,以水色呈油绿色或茶褐色为准。整个水花至夏花培育阶段，投喂豆浆每万尾鱼苗约需黄豆2-3公斤。以精料为主的，施肥为辅的饲养方法：鱼苗下塘后立即泼洒豆浆，初期每天每亩发花池用料1-2公斤（黄豆），随着鱼苗的长大，逐渐加量，并可根据水质的肥瘦，适当追施肥料，整个饲养阶段，每培育1万尾夏花鱼种约需黄豆3-4公斤。 13、湘云鲫(鲤)水花培育过程中，主要日常管理工作有哪几项? 答:(1)勤巡塘。一般每天早、中、晚各巡塘一次，观察鱼苗的活动情况，特别是凌晨巡塘更为重要。发现鱼苗浮头，受惊动后仍浮于水面而不下沉，说明水中缺氧，应及时加注新水，调节水质，增加水中的溶氧。 (2)经常加注新水，鱼苗培育池面积一般较小，水质、水温变化大，因此，根据水质和天气状况养殖湘云鲫（鲤）苗种的池塘应及时加注新水，以调节水质，一般每次加注新水3－6厘米；加注新水时，为了防止野杂鱼进入池内危害鱼苗，应在进水口，加装严密的栏鱼设施。一可防止湘云鲫（鲤）溯水外逃；二是拦阻野杂鱼流入池塘。 (3)勤投饵。鱼苗下池初期，每天早、晚各施一次豆浆或其它粉状饵料（天气变化可以减免）。投饵量视水质变化，鱼苗活动情况灵活掌握。鱼苗长至1.5-2cm左右，食性发生转变时，可及时补喂麸皮或糠饼等精料，保证苗种正常生长。 (4)注意病害防治。湘云鲫（鲤）虽有较强的抗病能力，但是仍需注意病害防治，措施有：鱼种消毒，常用药物：漂白粉、食盐、敌白虫、高锰酸钾等。其用量每公斤水中分别加漂白粉10克或食盐10－20克或高锰酸钾20克。使用上述药物，基本上能杀死寄生在湘云鲫（鲤）皮肤、鳃、鳞等体表上的细菌和寄生虫。 14、湘云鲫（鲤）冬片鱼种的培育方法如何？答：湘云鲫（鲤）冬片鱼种的培育方法是鱼苗培育的继续，但由于鱼体不断长大，其食性和生活习性等也和鱼苗培育阶段不同，因此鱼种培育和鱼苗培育的要求也不同。对鱼种池的要求和鱼苗池基本上相同，但鱼种池的面积可大于鱼苗池，鱼塘面积3-10亩均可。水深1.4-1.6米。清塘消毒方法和鱼苗培育雷同。肥水下塘的目的是通过施肥，培养丰富的浮游生物，促使鱼种快速成长。夏花下塘前，要拉网检查鱼的体质，选择规格整齐、无病无伤、体质健壮、游动活泼的鱼下塘，确保成活率。夏花鱼种体长3厘米以上。我们主张湘云鲫（鲤）鱼分池饲养为宜，主养湘云鲫的鱼种池可以搭配10%左右同一规格鳙鱼和少量草、鳊鱼，主养湘云鲤的鱼种池也可采取同样搭配比例和品种。湖南多采用混养办法、单养或主养湘云鲫（鲤）鱼种形式少。而江苏、浙江、北方地区，单养形式多些。放养的密度取决于养殖户设计的单产和鱼种规格大小，池塘水的深浅、水源条件、投放饲料种类，一般亩产500-600公斤湘云鲫（鲤），每亩可以投放3-4厘米规格湘云鲫（鲤）夏花6000-8000尾和同一规格鳙鱼各100-300尾加30-50尾草、鳊鱼种即可。饲养得当，条件好的可以酌情增加。 6月下旬放养，当年11月底前的湘云鲫、鲤的冬片鱼种重量每尾平均50克以上。 15、湘云鲫、湘云鲤春片放养密度与育成规格的关系？湘云鲫（鲤）夏花育成春片鱼种的规格大小，除了与养殖水质、饵料和鱼池条件有关外，与投

Containerized Oxygen Generator

Containerized Oxygen Generator

ETR can combine all parts of the oxygen generation system into a customized container, including air compressor, refrigerate air dryer, filters, buffer tanks and oxygen generator. Even the optional oxygen booster and cylinder filling station.

Compressed air is purified through the air dryer and filters to a certain level for main plant to work with. Air buffer is incorporated for smooth supply of compressed air thus to reduce fluctuation of compressed air source. The plant produces oxygen with PSA (pressure swing adsorption) technology, which is a time proven oxygen generation method. Oxygen of desired purity at 93%±3% is delivered to oxygen buffer tank for smooth supply of product gas. Oxygen in buffer tank is maintained at 4bar pressure.

Containerized Oxygen Generator,Containerized Oxygen Plant,Oxygen Machine ,Hospital Oxygen Plant

Hunan Eter Medical Co., Ltd. , https://www.eter-tech.com