It is understood that except for piglets, the suitable temperature for other types of pigs is below 30°C, which is much lower than the temperature in most parts of the domestic summer. In Guangdong, the temperature in the summer up to 4 months is above 30°C, and the humidity is often higher than 70%. The high temperature of 30°C far exceeds the optimum temperature for sows: 15°C-18°C. In order to avoid the heatstroke of sows and the smooth transition to hot summer, people in the industry mostly use mechanical ventilation, spraying and drip cooling, and negative pressure ventilation to reduce the temperature.
However, all kinds of herds have different requirements for the ambient temperature. The suitable temperature for the newborn piglet is 32°C-34°C, the suitable temperature for the newly weaned piglet is 28°C-30°C, and the suitable temperature for the piglets 2 weeks after weaning is 21°C- At 22°C, the suitable temperature for finishing pigs is 18°C-20°C, and the suitable temperature for boars and sows is 15°C-18°C. Therefore, the temperature drop in the delivery room and the nursery pig house is especially embarrassing: the suitable temperature difference between the sow and the piglet is farther away. The cooling ventilation must consider both the sow and the piglet.
In this regard, Lu Zhijie, manager of Tianli Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. of Guangzhou City, believes that cooling the sow and the negative pressure ventilation of the curtain is the best, but it is necessary to balance the appropriate temperature of the sow and the piglet. Lu Zhijie believes that the negative pressure ventilation of the curtain can reduce the temperature by 4°C-8°C, so that the sow can feel comfortable; in order not to let the piglets catch cold, the sow fence shall be installed with a PVC baffle toward the side of the fan's ventilation to avoid cold air blowing. Zhou Weichuan, technical director of Huizhou Yuanyin Livestock and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters that the sow house is best to raise the bed slightly, and the fan and the water curtain should be installed at a proper height so that when the ventilation is done, the cool wind is from above the piglets. Through, and the temperature below the bed is relatively high, the sow will stand up and feel the cool air, just to solve the temperature difference.
According to Zhou Yuchuan, some pig farms have done poorly, or the fan's power selection has been biased and the effect of negative pressure ventilation has declined. “When you pull the door, if you do not feel a suction, prove that there is a side leakage in the pig house. Or you can point a incense directly in the pig house to see the direction of the smoke can also determine the effect of negative pressure ventilation, do Fortunately, the direction of the cigarette is drifting in the direction of the draft."
Gu Wenliang, the owner of Xinghe Farm in Meizhou City, has always insisted on cooling down by spraying (sprinkling) water. He believes that evaporative cooling is the most effective method. When the temperature is too high, a hose or sprayer can be used to cool the pig body (except the branch house) and the roof by spraying water or artificial watering. The dripping water cooling system is available for the monomer limit bar and the farrowing house sow. The drip device is installed above the shoulder of the pig, and low-flow drips are used to cool the pig neck, shoulder and back skin at an interval of about 1 hour, resulting in significant cooling effect. However, the cooling rate of dripping water is slow, and the temperature of the whole pig house cannot be controlled well. For fasting and gestating sows, growing pigs, and when the summer and autumn weather is hot, spray or spray cooling method is used to cool the temperature quickly. Within 5 to 10 minutes, the temperature in the house can be reduced by 5°C-8°C, and the air can be purified. For boars, the testicles need to be flushed regularly.
In addition to cooling by "wind" and "water", the "whitening" of pig houses can also play a role in resisting high temperatures. Chen Miao, general manager of Huizhou City Source Inn Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., told the reporter of the Southern Rural Daily that the roof of the pig house and the exterior of the pig house were painted white with lime or white paint to improve the reflectivity and heat loss of the outer surface of the pig house. , thereby reducing solar thermal energy transmission to pig houses and pigs. Due to the light and glossy surfaces, the reflective ability is much stronger than that of dark and rough surfaces.
For prevention of heatstroke, Zhang Shouquan, professor of the Faculty of Animal Science and Technology at South China Agricultural University, believes that more consideration needs to be given to pig farm design and construction. The right farm site selection and construction is the most effective way. The pig farm should be built in an open and ventilated area, with the choice of sitting south and facing the south. In the south, open or semi-open pig houses are appropriate. Traditional open loop shelters or shade nets can effectively reduce the damage of heat stress to pigs. If conditions permit, build a closed-type pig house, coat the roof with white paint or cover the heat insulation layer, and fill the ceiling with insulation materials such as sawdust to increase the span of the pig house. "In the hot season, it may be appropriate to add some electrolytes or vitamins to pig feed, especially boars and lactating sows," said Zhang Shouquan.
In addition to cooling the sows in summer, they also need to “eat mealsâ€. “Before the sow used to eat 6KG of raw material every day and only 4KG in the summer. Did this mean that the intake of trace elements was reduced? Therefore, in summer diets, vitamins, amino acids and minerals should be properly increased. The ground is increasing the crude protein content,†Zhou told reporters in the Southern Rural Daily. Many farms in summer lost trace elements due to neglected feed intake, resulting in a decline in the breeding rate and reproductive ability of sows.
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