Vegetable farmers always have such a question. The vegetables grown by themselves are fallen flowers and fruits. It is necessary to know that the fruit drop and flowering will lead to low vegetable yield. Today, Hui Nongwang Xiaobian introduces the reason and prevention method of tomato falling flowers and fruits.
First, the reason for lighting
The optimum illumination time for normal growth of tomatoes is 12-16 hours, and the light intensity is 4-7 million LX (lux). In winter and spring, the light intensity and hours are insufficient, and there are too many rainy days in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in winter and spring. For the heat preservation, the greenhouse coverings are exposed late, covered early, or even uncovered all day, which affects the photosynthesis of tomatoes and causes pollen. Malnutrition, poor powdering, causing falling flowers and fruit.
Precautionary measures: (1) Increase the light transmission time as much as possible; (2) Artificially fill light, you can hang a 40W bulb every 3 meters in the shed, and fill 1-2 hours in the morning and evening.
Second, temperature reasons
If the temperature is too low, too high and a large sudden change will cause the tomato to fall and fall. If the tomato flowering period is below 13 °C or above 30 °C, it will cause poor pollination, resulting in falling flowers and fruit.
Precautions: Prevent the shed temperature from being too high or too low by means of ventilation or double-posting. Try to avoid low temperature or high temperature environment and shorten the low temperature or high temperature duration. Note that the temperature difference of flowering period can not be too large, generally the temperature difference between day and night is 8-10 °C.
Third, malnutrition
Insufficient and uneven fertilization, resulting in tomato nutrient deficiencies, especially trace elements such as boron, magnesium, calcium and other shortages, easy to cause falling flowers and fruit, CO2 concentration is too low, so that the tomato is in a state of photosynthesis, it is also easy to cause falling flowers and fruit.
Precautionary measures: base fertilizer should be applied and applied evenly. The topdressing should be applied less frequently. During the flowering period, 2-3 times of foliar fertilizer can be applied and some trace element fertilizers should be applied. Apply CO2 fertilization in the shed to make the CO2 concentration reach 1000-1200ml/L, which can effectively reduce the drop and fruit drop.
Fourth, improper management
If the management of fertilizer and water is improper, the tomato is weak or overgrown, which will result in low fruit set rate; when the tomato plants and flowers are mechanically damaged, the fruit will fall.
Precautionary measures: Do not damage plants and flowers when carrying out field operations; secondly, strengthen fertilizer and water management to make plants robust; scientifically use plant growth regulators, such as plants, can be soiled with 250mg/L of chlormequat, 100 per plant. -200ml, effective within one week; in order to increase the fruit setting rate, the flowering period is coated with 10-20mg/L 2,4-D.
V. Pests and diseases
When tomato plants are infected with pests and diseases, especially at the flowering stage, the physiological functions will be out of tune and the flowers will fall.
Preventive measures: timely pest and disease management. Try to avoid the spraying of the flowering period, reduce the use of water, and use more smoke and dust to avoid increasing the relative humidity of the air in the shed and increase the falling and falling fruit. The concentration of the drug should be moderate.
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