In recent years, Agaricus bisporus has developed rapidly in some counties, townships, and towns in Liaocheng, becoming a new pillar industry for increasing farmers' income. However, in many places, advanced production technology has not been truly mastered by farmers and there are no Less problem. For example, due to the farmers' "sterile" concept is not strong, some links are not strict, especially in the old mushroom shed, the serious occurrence of pests and diseases, including mushrooms, mold, bacterial brown spots, nematodes, roundworms and other common and serious, To reduce the output and reduce the benefits, mushroom enthusiasm of mushroom farmers frustrated. In the spring of the last two years, some villages and towns had mushroom sheds that caused the disease caused by the larvae of walnuts. Mushroom farmers called it "cauliflower". The bacteria is a kind of highly competitive mixed bacteria, which has a fast growth speed, serious harm, a large reduction in production, and can be infected in successive years. The characteristics of its occurrence and integrated prevention and control technologies are now described as follows:
1 In the early stage of onset of symptoms, mushroom or noodle surface produces white or creamy thick mycelium. After entering the material, the growth of mushroom mycelium is inhibited, so that the hyphae become atrophic and black. In the later period, there will be a red-brown, asparagus fruit that looks like walnut meat. In severe cases, the culture medium is dark brown, wet and rot and emits a strong bleaching odor.
2 Pathogens in physical diameter 0.5 ~ 3cm or more, nearly spherical, irregular to discoid, irregular wrinkles on the surface, like walnuts, pale yellow or white or cream to brown. Grouped on the surface or layer of soil, there are veins and cavities in the interior, and the arrangement of asthenophores in the cavity is not neat. The ovary is ovoid or spherical, stalked, and most contain 8 ascospores. Ascospores are spherical to nearly spherical, smooth, colorless, containing an oil ball.
3 Occurrence of regularity Walnut-like bacteria exist in the old mushroom room soil, pathogenic spores enter the mushroom house with susceptibility culture materials, bacteria, etc., can spread with the airflow, people, tools, etc. in the shed. Ascospores have high temperature resistance, drought resistance, strong resistance to chemicals and long survival time. Mushroom mycelial secretions stimulated spore germination at 10-30°C. High temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation, and acid-producing mushroom sheds are serious.
4 The comprehensive control of the growth temperature of P. eryngii is similar to the growth temperature of mushroom. It is prone to occur, and has strong stress resistance. Once it is difficult to control, the prevention and treatment of the disease should be mainly prevention, and good strains should be cultivated. Close, cover soil, cultivate materials, and handle wards.
4.1 Elimination of the use of strains of bacteria is not a problem in the mushroom room to keep mushrooms and isolate bacteria, do not buy bacteria from the areas of severe disease. Before the planting, a thorough examination of the strains was conducted. It was found that contaminated strains, such as white or light yellow kink in the bottle, especially those with bleach odor, should be banned and destroyed. To ensure the use of quality strains, the standard is: white, thick, age-appropriate.
4.2 culture materials reasonable fermentation of Agaricus bisporus, requires a reasonable ratio of carbon, nitrogen culture materials, generally 33:1. The culture medium must undergo rigorous fermentation, and it is best to perform two fermentations to eliminate the bacteria that are potentially present in the culture medium. The culture medium should not be over-ripened, over-humidified, or partially acidic, the water content should be controlled at 55% to 60%, the pH should be controlled at 7.5 to 8, and the fermentation material should have elasticity, brown color and aroma.
4.3 The old bed frame and mushroom house shall be strictly sterilized before entering the house for half a month. The mushroom house, bed frame, wall and surrounding areas shall be washed with water and sprayed with 1% bleach solution to disinfect. For a mushroom house that has been cultivated for more than 2 years, the bed frame should be washed with 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture and then painted with 10% lime water. One week before entering the room, the mushroom room should be sprayed with 5 times formaldehyde. Continuous cultivation of mushroom house for 3 years, to remove the bed frame, soaked with Bordeaux mixture for 5 to 6 days, dried for use. Three days before entering the room, the culture materials should be sealed and the doors and windows should be closed. Every 100 cubic meters of space should be fumigated with 2kg of sulphur. After 2 days, all windows and doors should be ventilated. The old bed frame can also be wetted with water during the second fermentation and sterilized at a high temperature of 58-62° C. for 2 hours.
4.4 The 2 times of sterilized soil covering the soil shall be taken from red soil below 20cm in the vegetable garden. After exposure, the cover soil per 100 square meters of cultivated area shall be disinfected with 2.5kg of formaldehyde; 10 days before earth covering, formaldehyde shall be diluted 50 times and evenly. The soil was sprayed and then piled up, covered with a plastic film for 2 days, then spread out and sun-dried for a few days before use. After 8 to 9 days of soil covering, the remaining spores of the disease will begin to germinate under the stimulation of mushroom mycelial secretions. At this time, the hyphae are in the thin line period, and then sprayed once for complete eradication. 50% carbendazim can be used. Wet powder 800 times spray, control effect of 98% to 100%.
4.5 Treatment after onset The bacteria should be sprayed immediately after the occurrence of the bacteria, so that the soil surface is dry, and the fruit body of the fleshy peach-shaped fungus is provoked, burned with a blowtorch, and replaced with new soil. When a small area occurs, diesel or kerosene can be used to water, or the contaminated culture material and cover soil can be excavated as soon as possible, and then sprayed with 2% formaldehyde solution or 1% bleaching solution and sprayed with lime water to increase the pH of the culture material. When a large area has occurred, the culture material should be removed and the culture material should be buried or burned; then the mushroom house should be disinfected so as to avoid environmental pollution and prevent the onset of illness in the coming year.
1 In the early stage of onset of symptoms, mushroom or noodle surface produces white or creamy thick mycelium. After entering the material, the growth of mushroom mycelium is inhibited, so that the hyphae become atrophic and black. In the later period, there will be a red-brown, asparagus fruit that looks like walnut meat. In severe cases, the culture medium is dark brown, wet and rot and emits a strong bleaching odor.
2 Pathogens in physical diameter 0.5 ~ 3cm or more, nearly spherical, irregular to discoid, irregular wrinkles on the surface, like walnuts, pale yellow or white or cream to brown. Grouped on the surface or layer of soil, there are veins and cavities in the interior, and the arrangement of asthenophores in the cavity is not neat. The ovary is ovoid or spherical, stalked, and most contain 8 ascospores. Ascospores are spherical to nearly spherical, smooth, colorless, containing an oil ball.
3 Occurrence of regularity Walnut-like bacteria exist in the old mushroom room soil, pathogenic spores enter the mushroom house with susceptibility culture materials, bacteria, etc., can spread with the airflow, people, tools, etc. in the shed. Ascospores have high temperature resistance, drought resistance, strong resistance to chemicals and long survival time. Mushroom mycelial secretions stimulated spore germination at 10-30°C. High temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation, and acid-producing mushroom sheds are serious.
4 The comprehensive control of the growth temperature of P. eryngii is similar to the growth temperature of mushroom. It is prone to occur, and has strong stress resistance. Once it is difficult to control, the prevention and treatment of the disease should be mainly prevention, and good strains should be cultivated. Close, cover soil, cultivate materials, and handle wards.
4.1 Elimination of the use of strains of bacteria is not a problem in the mushroom room to keep mushrooms and isolate bacteria, do not buy bacteria from the areas of severe disease. Before the planting, a thorough examination of the strains was conducted. It was found that contaminated strains, such as white or light yellow kink in the bottle, especially those with bleach odor, should be banned and destroyed. To ensure the use of quality strains, the standard is: white, thick, age-appropriate.
4.2 culture materials reasonable fermentation of Agaricus bisporus, requires a reasonable ratio of carbon, nitrogen culture materials, generally 33:1. The culture medium must undergo rigorous fermentation, and it is best to perform two fermentations to eliminate the bacteria that are potentially present in the culture medium. The culture medium should not be over-ripened, over-humidified, or partially acidic, the water content should be controlled at 55% to 60%, the pH should be controlled at 7.5 to 8, and the fermentation material should have elasticity, brown color and aroma.
4.3 The old bed frame and mushroom house shall be strictly sterilized before entering the house for half a month. The mushroom house, bed frame, wall and surrounding areas shall be washed with water and sprayed with 1% bleach solution to disinfect. For a mushroom house that has been cultivated for more than 2 years, the bed frame should be washed with 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture and then painted with 10% lime water. One week before entering the room, the mushroom room should be sprayed with 5 times formaldehyde. Continuous cultivation of mushroom house for 3 years, to remove the bed frame, soaked with Bordeaux mixture for 5 to 6 days, dried for use. Three days before entering the room, the culture materials should be sealed and the doors and windows should be closed. Every 100 cubic meters of space should be fumigated with 2kg of sulphur. After 2 days, all windows and doors should be ventilated. The old bed frame can also be wetted with water during the second fermentation and sterilized at a high temperature of 58-62° C. for 2 hours.
4.4 The 2 times of sterilized soil covering the soil shall be taken from red soil below 20cm in the vegetable garden. After exposure, the cover soil per 100 square meters of cultivated area shall be disinfected with 2.5kg of formaldehyde; 10 days before earth covering, formaldehyde shall be diluted 50 times and evenly. The soil was sprayed and then piled up, covered with a plastic film for 2 days, then spread out and sun-dried for a few days before use. After 8 to 9 days of soil covering, the remaining spores of the disease will begin to germinate under the stimulation of mushroom mycelial secretions. At this time, the hyphae are in the thin line period, and then sprayed once for complete eradication. 50% carbendazim can be used. Wet powder 800 times spray, control effect of 98% to 100%.
4.5 Treatment after onset The bacteria should be sprayed immediately after the occurrence of the bacteria, so that the soil surface is dry, and the fruit body of the fleshy peach-shaped fungus is provoked, burned with a blowtorch, and replaced with new soil. When a small area occurs, diesel or kerosene can be used to water, or the contaminated culture material and cover soil can be excavated as soon as possible, and then sprayed with 2% formaldehyde solution or 1% bleaching solution and sprayed with lime water to increase the pH of the culture material. When a large area has occurred, the culture material should be removed and the culture material should be buried or burned; then the mushroom house should be disinfected so as to avoid environmental pollution and prevent the onset of illness in the coming year.
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