Plant protection technology in the production of pollution-free vegetables

Since the 1980s, many domestic and foreign companies have carried out numerous and beneficial discussions on the harmless treatment technology of vegetable pests and diseases, and accumulated a lot of valuable experience. Fujian Province has also done some work in this respect, and its technical points can be Summarized as "a four-measure."
1. Optimizing the conditions for vegetable production The pollution-free vegetable production base is the physical and chemical basis for the healthy growth of vegetables. Be sure to choose a place that is 3,000 meters away from sources of pollution such as factories and hospitals, where there is no pollution in water, atmosphere, and soil, and you can have Shandong and river isolation zones. More ideal. The quality of farmland irrigation water, soil, atmosphere, drinking water, comprehensive management of water and soil conservation, etc. should meet the relevant national standards. The area of ​​the site should be greater than 5hm2. The land contiguous piece is convenient for rotation and convenient transportation. After the selection of the base, it also celebrated reasonable planning, improved drainage and irrigation facilities, improved the network of field roads, and fertilized the soil to create a high-quality, high-efficiency, low-consumption environment for the production of pollution-free vegetables.
2. Refined vegetable cultivation techniques The intensive cultivation is the fine tradition of the province's vast vegetable areas, but the traditional cultivation management model has been difficult to adapt to the requirements of pollution-free vegetables. Refinement of cultivation techniques is to implement "fitness cultivation" of vegetables in accordance with the requirements for the harmless treatment of vegetable pests and diseases. To study the laws governing the growth and development of vegetables, the regulation of the environment, and the law of yield formation, study the relationship between soilless cultivation, facility cultivation, water-saving irrigation, and the application of these technologies in relation to diseases and insect pests. Technology, clean pastoral technology, introduction of trials to promote the integration of technologies such as resistance to pests and diseases, and development (design) of a set of production technical specifications suitable for different types of local vegetable fields and different vegetable varieties for local production applications.
3. Strengthen the application of biological and physical control technologies With the continuous evolution of pollution-free vegetable production technology, the protection, use of natural enemies, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt complexes with viruses combined biological pesticides, Abihibibia than, agricultural resistance 120, streptostatic agricultural The use of insects, neomycin, light trapping, odor trapping, trapping and killing of color tropism using insect pests, and pest control nets, special performance membranes, pest control and other biological and physical control technologies have received increasing attention, and some have directly replaced the use of chemical pesticides. . In the future, we must fully apply existing technological achievements, further develop and promote biological and physical control technologies, and strive to expand the use of chemical pesticides.
4. Optimization of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pesticides Prevention and Control Techniques Chemical control is an important means for the comprehensive prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests. It has high control effect, quick effect, and easy use, and can effectively suppress the epidemic of diseases and pests. Unfortunately, chemical pesticides are an important source of pollution in vegetable products. At present, in the chemical control of vegetable pests and diseases, the phenomenon of large amounts of pesticides, frequent use of drugs, and excessive pesticide residues are common. The reasons are as follows: the quality of vegetable farmers, the lagging problem of vegetable plant protection research, the functional problems of the plant protection promotion system, the lack of pesticides for vegetables, the lack of legislation, and lack of enforcement, etc., but from the perspective of technology, there is a lack of excellent vegetables. Harmless treatment of pests and diseases. Optimizing vegetable pest chemical control technology can greatly improve the efficacy of pesticides, control pests and diseases, and prevent excessive pesticide residue on vegetable products. It can be started from the following aspects:
1) Use highly toxic, highly toxic, and high-residue pesticides on vegetables that are absolutely prohibited in accordance with relevant national regulations.
2) Strengthen pest forecasting and control the appropriate period of control. The variety of pests and diseases of vegetables is complex and occurs in a complex manner. The major pests and pests must be monitored during the main period of occurrence of pests. Generally speaking, the younger stages of pests and the initial stages of diseases are suitable for control.
3) The right medicine. According to the records of primary color maps of China's vegetable diseases and insect pests, there are 1,133 vegetable diseases and 334 vegetable pests in China. However, there are not many types of vegetables and main pests and diseases occurring in various regions.
4) Pay attention to pesticide application technology. In the implementation of chemical control, pesticides must be applied to the target in order to effectively control the occurrence and development of vegetable pests and diseases in order to protect the normal growth of vegetables. If the “off target” is applied, the control effect will be reduced and the environmental pollution will be caused.
Spraying is currently the most common method of pesticide application in rural China. When spraying, pesticide droplets accumulate on biological targets through impact and deposition. For vegetables, the leaves of vegetables are both the vegetative growth organs and the commodity parts of many vegetables. At the same time, it is also an important site for pests and parasitism and damage. Therefore, pests and pathogens that damage the leaves of vegetables and coexist peacefully become the most important biological targets. The spray method directly affects the deposition and distribution of droplets on the leaves and affects the effectiveness of pesticides on biological targets. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of biological targets in depth, to control the target, and to control the occurrence and development of pests and diseases.
5) In strict accordance with the relevant regulations, the concentration of pesticides used, the amount of use, the dosage form, the number of uses, the mode of use, and the safety interval of pesticides shall be controlled in accordance with law. These measures are important safety measures for reducing pesticide residues in vegetables and controlling residual drugs. They are an important part of anti-virus and poison control and must be given full attention.
5 Monitor pesticide residues in vegetable products and prevent excessive residues. Rapid detection methods for pesticide residues should be used to monitor the dynamics of the entire production process of the vegetable products. The pesticide production must be monitored at all levels, and the production units and vegetable farmers must not ban pesticides or pesticides as required. Do not exceed the standard drug use, the key links in the drug, questionable links and the three links before the listing of the implementation of anti-pollution dynamic monitoring, to prevent the production of "poisonous" dishes and listing.
“Planting and testing” plant protection technology is our experience in the harmless treatment of vegetable pests and diseases. It should be expanded in the depth and breadth of technology in the future to more effectively control the occurrence and development of vegetable pests and diseases, and avoid and reduce The pollution of chemical pesticides promotes the healthy development of pollution-free vegetables, a sunrise industry.

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